Surgical Management of Hip-Spine Syndrome: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

INTRODUCTION: Hip-spine syndrome (HSS) was first described in 1983 to describe the symptomatology resulting from concomitant lumbar degenerative stenosis and hip osteoarthritis. Numerous studies have sought to understand the underlying pathology and appropriate management of this syndrome. The purpose of this article is to review the literature for specific imaging characteristics and the optimal surgical treatment of hip-spine syndrome (HSS). METHODS: A systematic review was conducted via an electronic database search through PubMed to identify all publications related to hip-spine syndrome. All publications that contained data on patients who underwent surgical treatment for hip-spine syndrome and reported patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) or radiographic data were included. Exclusion criteria consisted of publications published in a language other than English, review articles, and technique articles. RESULTS: Fifteen articles that focused on the surgical management of HSS were identified. Of these 15 articles, eight reported radiographic outcomes with most reporting no significant change in spinopelvic parameters before and after surgery. Thirteen articles reported clinical outcomes, with eight of those thirteen articles identifying PROMs to be significantly improved following surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Despite being first described almost forty years ago, the data on surgical management of HSS remains sparse. While there is some evidence that total hip arthroplasty in patients who previously underwent spinal fusion may have higher complication rates, there remains debate regarding which surgical problem to address first - the hip or the spine.

Clinical Validation of a Novel Musculoskeletal Modeling Framework to Predict Postoperative Sagittal Alignment.

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective radiographic and biomechanical analysis of 108 thoracolumbar fusion patients from two clinical centers. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the validity of a computational framework for predicting postoperative patient posture based on preoperative imaging and surgical data in a large clinical sample. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Short-term and long-term studies on thoracolumbar fusion patients have discussed that a preoperative predictive model would benefit surgical planning and improve patient outcomes. Clinical studies have shown that postoperative alignment changes at the pelvis and intact spine levels may negatively affect postural balance and quality of life. However, it remains challenging to predict such changes preoperatively because of confounding surgical and patient factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patient-specific musculoskeletal models incorporated weight, height, body mass index, age, pathology-associated muscle strength, preoperative sagittal alignment, and surgical treatment details. The sagittal alignment parameters predicted by the simulations were compared with those observed radiographically at a minimum of three months after surgery. RESULTS: Pearson correlation coefficients ranged from r=0.86 to 0.95, and mean errors ranged from 4.1° to 5.6°. The predictive accuracies for postoperative spinopelvic malalignment (pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis>10°) and sagittal imbalance parameters (TPA>14°, T9PA>7.4°, or LPA>7.2°) were between 81% and 94%. Patients treated with long fusion (greater than five segments) had relatively lower prediction errors for lumbar lordosis and spinopelvic mismatch than those in the local and short groups. CONCLUSIONS: The overall model performance with long constructs was superior to those of the local (one to two segments) and short (three to four segments) fusion cases. The clinical framework is a promising tool in development to enhance clinical judgment and to help design treatment strategies for predictable surgical outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

Intrathecal methotrexate treatment in multiple sclerosis.

This study reports on the feasibility of using intrathecal methotrexate (ITMTX) in treatment unresponsive multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with progressive forms of the disease. A retrospective, open-label, chart review analysis was conducted following patients (n = 121) with MS for up to eight treatments given every 8-11 weeks. Patients were considered for ITMTX treatment if they were unresponsive to or intolerant of FDA-approved treatments. There was a 1 year follow-up after their eighth or last treatment (if discontinued earlier). Patients underwent neurological assessments and expanded disability status scale (EDSS) evaluations. No serious adverse effects were noted during the study period. In 87 secondary progressive MS patients, EDSS scores were stable or improved in 89%, with significantly improved mean EDSS post-treatment compared to baseline (P = 0.014). Of 34 primary progressive patients, EDSS scores were stable in 82%, with no significant progression in EDSS post-treatment compared to baseline. ITMTX may have a beneficial role in progressive forms of MS and is well tolerated with no serious adverse events.

JCV detection in multiple sclerosis patients treated with natalizumab.

Natalizumab therapy is associated with an increased risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Because the prognosis of established PML is uniformly dismal, identification of highly susceptible patients to the disease may improve outcomes. We wanted to investigate whether serial plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) screening for polyomavirus would identify patients with laboratory evidence of viral infection prior to the development of clinical PML. Two hundred MS patients had pre-treatment CSF/plasma screening for JC virus (JCV) and BK virus (BKV) DNA, and thereafter every six treatments of natalizumab. In all positive patients treatment is stopped (due to potential risk of PML), they have follow-up clinical examinations and plasma/CSF JCV/BKV tests until all evaluations are normal. No patient developed clinical evidence of PML. Eight of the 200 patients had detectable JCV or BKV DNA. Five patients were positive for BKV DNA in the CSF and three patients were positive for JCV DNA (one in plasma, two in CSF). After cessation of natalizumab treatment, all patients converted to undetectable viral DNA. Screening for JCV in CSF in natalizumab-treated patients could help identify those at heightened risk for developing PML and discontinuing treatment in these patients may abort development of the clinical illness.