Incidencia de lesiones cutáneas asociadas a la humedad en una unidad de cuidados intensivos / Incidence of moisture-associated skin damage in an intensive care unit

Objetivos: Determinar la incidencia de las lesiones cutáneas asociadas a la humedad (LESCAH) en el área del pañal, identificar los factores predisponentes y conocer las medidas preventivas y registros realizados. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo longitudinal (junio de 2014-abril de 2015) en una UCI polivalente. Se incluyeron pacientes con estancia > 48 h y sin lesiones cutáneas. Se valoró diariamente la piel hasta la aparición de LESCAH, alta o un máximo de 14 días. Se registraron datos demográficos, estancia, tipo de LESCAH, incontinencia, consistencia y número de deposiciones, obesidad, escala Braden y prevención. Resultados: Se estudiaron 145 pacientes (66,2% hombres), la mediana de edad fue 69 (P25 = 56,5-P75 = 76) años y la estancia de 5(P25 = 3-P75 = 11,25) días, el 29,9% presentó obesidad. Se detectó un 26,2% de dermatitis asociada a la incontinencia (DAI) y un 15,9% dermatitis intertriginosa (DI). Se registró el 23,8% de las LESCAH. Las variables relacionadas con la DAI fueron la incontinencia fecal, número de deposiciones, heces líquidas y estancia. Para la DI fueron la obesidad y la puntuación en la escala Braden. El análisis multivariable seleccionó la incontinencia fecal (OR = 5,4; IC 95%:1,1-26) y el número de deposiciones (OR = 1,1; IC:1,0-1,2) como variables independientes para desarrollar DAI y la obesidad (OR=2,8; IC95%:1,0-8,2) y escala Braden (OR =0,8; IC95%:0,7-1,0) para desarrollar DI. Se realizó prevención al 23,8% de los obesos y al 42,9% de los incontinentes. Conclusiones: Existe una elevada incidencia en LESCAH. Tener incontinencia fecal y mayor número de deposiciones son factores de riesgo para desarrollar DAI. La obesidad y una puntuación menor en la escala Braden predisponen a sufrir DI. El registro de las LESCAH y la prevención en pacientes de riesgo es insuficiente

Objectives: To determine the incidence of moisture-associated skin damage (MASD) in the nappy area, identify predisposing factors and know the preventive measures and nursing records. Method: Descriptive longitudinal study (June 2014-April 2015) in a general ICU. Patients whose stay >48 hours and without skin lesions were included. The skin was assessed daily until the appearance of MASD, discharge or a maximum of 14 days. Demographics, stay, MASD type, incontinence, number and consistency of stools, obesity, Braden scale and prevention were recorded. Results: 145 patients (66.2% male) were studied, median age was 69 (P25 = 56.5, P75 = 76) and median length of stay was five days (P25 = 3, P75 = 11.25), 29.9% were obese. Incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) was detected in 26.2% and intertriginous dermatitis (ITD) in 15.9%. MASD was recorded in 23.8%. The variables causing IAD to develop were faecal incontinence, number of stools, liquid stools, and stay. Those for ITD were obesity and score on the Braden scale. Multivariate analysis selected faecal incontinence (OR = 5.4, CI95%: 1.1-26) and the number of stools (OR = 1.1, CI 95%:1.0-1.2) as independent variables for developing IAD and obesity (OR = 2.8, CI 95%:1.0-8.2) and Braden (OR = 0.8, CI 95%:0.7-1.0) for developing ITD. Prevention to 23.8% of obese and 42.9% of incontinent was performed. Conclusions: There is a high incidence in MASD. Faecal incontinence and higher number of stools are the risk factors for developing IAD. Obesity and a lower score on the Braden scale may affect susceptibility to ITD. Recording of MASD and its prevention in patients at risk is insufficient

Incidence of moisture-associated skin damage in an intensive care unit. / Incidencia de lesiones cutáneas asociadas a la humedad en una unidad de cuidados intensivos.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence of moisture-associated skin damage (MASD) in the nappy area, identify predisposing factors and know the preventive measures and nursing records. METHOD: Descriptive longitudinal study (June 2014-April 2015) in a general ICU. Patients whose stay >48hours and without skin lesions were included. The skin was assessed daily until the appearance of MASD, discharge or a maximum of 14 days. Demographics, stay, MASD type, incontinence, number and consistency of stools, obesity, Braden scale and prevention were recorded. RESULTS: 145 patients (66.2% male) were studied, median age was 69 (P25=56.5, P75=76) and median length of stay was five days (P25=3, P75=11.25), 29.9% were obese. Incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) was detected in 26.2% and intertriginous dermatitis (ITD) in 15.9%. MASD was recorded in 23.8%. The variables causing IAD to develop were faecal incontinence, number of stools, liquid stools, and stay. Those for ITD were obesity and score on the Braden scale. Multivariate analysis selected faecal incontinence (OR=5.4, CI95%: 1.1-26) and the number of stools (OR=1.1, CI95%:1.0-1.2) as independent variables for developing IAD and obesity (OR=2.8, CI95%:1.0-8.2) and Braden (OR=0.8, CI95%:0.7-1.0) for developing ITD. Prevention to 23.8% of obese and 42.9% of incontinent was performed. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high incidence in MASD. Faecal incontinence and higher number of stools are the risk factors for developing IAD. Obesity and a lower score on the Braden scale may affect susceptibility to ITD. Recording of MASD and its prevention in patients at risk is insufficient.