Idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis as a rare cause of cervical compressive myelopathy.

The spinal form of idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis (IHP) is a rare condition characterized by a chronic progressive diffuse inflammatory fibrosis of the dura mater, which may evolve to the compression of the spinal cord. We present a case report about IHP focusing on its features in magnetic resonance imaging, which are determined by an intradural extramedullary mass in the cervical spine showing hypointensity on T2-weighted images and peripheral enhancement, causing compression of the spinal cord. Histological analysis showed a nonspecific chronic inflammatory process in dense fibrous tissue. The patient had a good outcome after therapy with steroids.

Alterações nervosas na ritidoplastia: uma revisão sistemática / Nerve alterations in rhytidoplasty: a systematic literature review

INTRODUÇÃO: A ritidoplastia se tornou uma das cirurgias estéticas mais realizadas por cirurgiões plásticos ao redor do mundo. Junto com o aumento do número de cirurgias, a quantidade de complicações associadas ao procedimento também aumentou, sendo que as alterações nervosas são uma das que despertam maiores preocupações. O presente estudo visa a identificar, por meio de uma revisão sistemática, as principais estruturas nervosas lesadas durante uma ritidoplastia, tanto por técnicas convencionais como endoscópicas. MÉTODOS: Uma revisão sistemática da literatura foi realizada nas principais bases de dados utilizadas atualmente. Artigos que preencheram os critérios de inclusão foram analisados na íntegra e suas referências, verificadas. Ao final, 20 estudos foram incluídos. RESULTADOS: Nestes 20 artigos, no total, foram avaliados 3.347 pacientes, sendo encontradas 142 lesões nervosas: 79 do nervo facial; 55 do nervo trigêmeo, e oito do nervo auricular magno. Destas, apenas duas foram definitivas. As lesões, proporcionalmente, foram mais comuns nas técnicas videoassistidas (81%), quando comparadas com as convencionais (19%). CONCLUSÃO: Encontramos que as lesões dos ramos temporal e bucal são mais frequentes no facelift e as do nervo auricular magno, na ritidoplastia cervical. Apesar de as lesões nervosas serem pouco frequentes na literatura, faltam estudos bem desenhados que busquem conhecer melhor estas complicações.

INTRODUCTION: Rhytidoplasty has become one of the most common aesthetic surgeries performed by plastic surgeons worldwide. Along with the increase in the number of surgeries performed, the number of procedure-related complications has also increased. In particular, nerve injuries are the major concern. By conducting a systematic review, the present study aimed to identify the main nerve structures injured during rhytidoplasty, by either the conventional or endoscopic technique. METHODS: A systematic literature review was performed in the main databases currently used. Articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed in their entirety, and their references were checked. Finally, 20 studies were included. RESULTS: In these 20 articles, 3,347 patients were evaluated and 142 nerve injuries found, of which 79 were of the facial nerve, 55 were of the trigeminal nerve, and eight were of the great auricular nerve. Of these, only two were definitive. The lesions were more prevalent (81%) with the video-assisted techniques than with the conventional techniques (19%). CONCLUSION: We found that the injuries of the temporal and buccal branches were more frequent during facelifts; and those of the great auricular nerve, during cervical rhytidoplasty. Although nerve injuries are infrequent in the literature, well-designed studies that aim to better understand these complications are lacking.

Acompanhamento sistematizado da hiperbilirrubinemia em recém-nascidos com 35 a 37 semanas de idade gestacional / Systematic follow-up of hyperbilirubinemia in neonates with a gestational age of 35 to 37 weeks

Objetivos: Identificar os resultados do acompanhamento da bilirrubinemia na primeira semana de vida em uma coorte de recém-nascidos (RNs) de 350/7 a 376/7 semanas de idade gestacional e estabelecer fatores de risco para reinternação para fototerapia pós-alta hospitalar (bilirrubinemia total > 18 mg/dL). Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo em hospital público universitário. Os recém-nascidos tiveram acompanhamento da bilirrubina total plasmática ou transcutânea pré- e pós-alta da enfermaria de alojamento conjunto para avaliação da necessidade de fototerapia. Foi empregada uma abordagem sistematizada, utilizando-se os percentis de risco de uma curva de referência. Resultados: Foram estudados 392 RNs. Uma consulta ambulatorial foi necessáriaem 61,7% dos RNs. Tiveram valores máximos de bilirrubinemia total ≥ 20 mg/dL 34 RNs (8,7%), e três RNs (0,8%) apresentaram bilirrubinemia total entre 25-30 mg/dL. Fototerapia foi indicada após alta em 74 RNs (18,9%). Os fatores de risco foram a perda de peso do nascimento até o primeiro retorno e os percentis à alta acima do P40. A bilirrubinemia total à alta acima do P95 foi associada ao maior risco de reinternação [RR = 49,5 (6,6-370,3)]. A perda de peso até o primeiro retorno foi o único preditor clínico independente [RR = 1,16 (1,04-1,17)]. Conclusão: A abordagem sistematizada da bilirrubinemia na 1ª semana foi efetiva na prevenção de hiperbilirrubinemias perigosas. O suporte à amamentação e a alta hospitalar após a estabilização da perda de peso podem ser medidas preventivas da reinternação por hiperbilirrubinemia.

Objectives: To determine the outcomes of an intervention for follow-up of bilirubinemia in the first week of life in a cohort of newborn infants with gestational ages between 350/7 and 376/7 weeks and to determine risk factors for re-admission for phototherapy (total bilirubin > 18 mg/dL). Methods: Retrospective cohort study carried out at a public teaching hospital. Neonates underwent periodic monitoring of total bilirubin levels (measured in plasma or by transcutaneous device) before and after discharge to assess the need for phototherapy. A systematic approach, based on risk percentiles of a bilirubin reference curve, was employed. Results: The study sample comprised 392 neonates. Only one outpatient visit was required in 61.7% of newborns. Peak total bilirubin was ≥ 20 mg/dL in 34 neonates (8.7%), andreached 25-30 mg/dL in three (0.8%). Phototherapy was indicated after discharge in 74 neonates (18.9%). Weight loss between birth and first follow-up visit and total bilirubin above the 40th percentile at discharge were risk factors for requiring phototherapy. Total bilirubin above the 95th percentile at discharge was associated with greater risk of readmission (RR = 49.5 [6.6-370.3]). Weight loss between discharge and first follow-up visit was the sole independent clinical predictor (RR =1.16 [1.04-1.17]). Conclusion: Systematic follow-up during the first week of life was effective in preventing dangerous hyperbilirubinemia. Encouraging breast feeding and discharging neonates only after weight loss has been stabilized may prevent readmission due to hyperbilirubinemia.

Acompanhamento sistematizado da hiperbilirrubinemia em recém-nascidos com 35 a 37 semanas de idade gestacional / Systematic follow-up of hyperbilirubinemia in neonates with a gestational age of 35 to 37 weeks

OBJETIVOS: Identificar os resultados do acompanhamento da bilirrubinemia na primeira semana de vida em uma coorte de recém-nascidos (RNs) de 35(0/7) a 37(6/7) semanas de idade gestacional e estabelecer fatores de risco para reinternação para fototerapia pós-alta hospitalar (bilirrubinemia total > 18 mg/dL). MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo em hospital público universitário. Os recém-nascidos tiveram acompanhamento da bilirrubina total plasmática ou transcutânea pré- e pós-alta da enfermaria de alojamento conjunto para avaliação da necessidade de fototerapia. Foi empregada uma abordagem sistematizada, utilizando-se os percentis de risco de uma curva de referência. RESULTADOS: Foram estudados 392 RNs. Uma consulta ambulatorial foi necessária em 61,7 por cento dos RNs. Tiveram valores máximos de bilirrubinemia total > 20 mg/dL 34 RNs (8,7 por cento), e três RNs (0,8 por cento) apresentaram bilirrubinemia total entre 25-30 mg/dL. Fototerapia foi indicada após alta em 74 RNs (18,9 por cento). Os fatores de risco foram a perda de peso do nascimento até o primeiro retorno e os percentis à alta acima do P40. A bilirrubinemia total à alta acima do P95 foi associada ao maior risco de reinternação [RR = 49,5 (6,6-370,3)]. A perda de peso até o primeiro retorno foi o único preditor clínico independente [RR = 1,16 (1,04-1,17)]. CONCLUSÃO: A abordagem sistematizada da bilirrubinemia na 1ª semana foi efetiva na prevenção de hiperbilirrubinemias perigosas. O suporte à amamentação e a alta hospitalar após a estabilização da perda de peso podem ser medidas preventivas da reinternação por hiperbilirrubinemia.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the outcomes of an intervention for follow-up of bilirubinemia in the first week of life in a cohort of newborn infants with gestational ages between 35(0/7) and 37(6/7) weeks and to determine risk factors for readmission for phototherapy (total bilirubin > 18 mg/dL). METHODS: Retrospective cohort study carried out at a public teaching hospital. Neonates underwent periodic monitoring of total bilirubin levels (measured in serum or by transcutaneous device) before and after discharge to assess the need for phototherapy. A systematic approach, based on risk percentiles of a bilirubin reference curve, was employed. RESULTS: The study sample comprised 392 neonates. Only one outpatient visit was required in 61.7 percent of newborns. Peak total bilirubin was > 20 mg/dL in 34 neonates (8.7 percent), and reached 25-30 mg/dL in three (0.8 percent). Phototherapy was indicated after discharge in 74 neonates (18.9 percent). Weight loss between birth and first follow-up visit and total bilirubin above the 40th percentile at discharge were risk factors for requiring phototherapy. Total bilirubin above the 95th percentile at discharge was associated with greater risk of readmission (RR = 49.5 [6.6-370.3]). Weight loss between discharge and first follow-up visit was the sole independent clinical predictor (RR = 1.16 [1.04-1.17]). CONCLUSION: Systematic follow-up during the first week of life was effective in preventing dangerous hyperbilirubinemia. Encouraging breastfeeding and discharging neonates only after weight loss has been stabilized may prevent readmission due to hyperbilirubinemia.

Systematic follow-up of hyperbilirubinemia in neonates with a gestational age of 35 to 37 weeks.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the outcomes of an intervention for follow-up of bilirubinemia in the first week of life in a cohort of newborn infants with gestational ages between 35 0/7 and 37 6/7 weeks and to determine risk factors for readmission for phototherapy (total bilirubin > 18 mg/dL). METHODS: Retrospective cohort study carried out at a public teaching hospital. Neonates underwent periodic monitoring of total bilirubin levels (measured in plasma or by transcutaneous device) before and after discharge to assess the need for phototherapy. A systematic approach, based on risk percentiles of a bilirubin reference curve, was employed. RESULTS: The study sample comprised 392 neonates. Only one outpatient visit was required in 61.7% of newborns. Peak total bilirubin was ≥ 20 mg/dL in 34 neonates (8.7%), and reached 25-30 mg/dL in three (0.8%). Phototherapy was indicated after discharge in 74 neonates (18.9%). Weight loss between birth and first follow-up visit and total bilirubin above the 40th percentile at discharge were risk factors for requiring phototherapy. Total bilirubin above the 95th percentile at discharge was associated with greater risk of readmission (RR = 49.5 [6.6-370.3]). Weight loss between discharge and first follow-up visit was the sole independent clinical predictor (RR = 1.16 [1.04-1.17]). CONCLUSION: Systematic follow-up during the first week of life was effective in preventing dangerous hyperbilirubinemia. Encouraging breastfeeding and discharging neonates only after weight loss has been stabilized may prevent readmission due to hyperbilirubinemia.

Eletrorretinografia focal em adultos jovens normais / Focal electroretinography in normal young adults

OBJETIVO: Estabelecer valores normativos para o exame de eletrorretinograma focal em adultos jovens normais, segundo protocolo recomendado pela sociedade Internacional de Eletrofisiologia Visual Clínica (IsCEV). MÉTODOS: Participaram 33 indivíduos de idades variando entre 14 a 38 anos (média 22,96±5,73), 14 homens e 19 mulheres. O eletrorretinograma focal foi registrado a partir de um eletrodo corneano bipolar, e oftalmoscópio estimulador com luz branca intermitente em freqüências temporais de 42 Hz e 31,25 Hz na mácula. Os parâmetros, amplitude (em nanovolts) e latência (em milissegundos), foram analisados pela transformada de Fourier. Para análise estatística de ambas as freqüências, foram calculados a mediana, mínimo, máximo, percentis e teste t entre as amplitudes e as latências. RESULTADOS: Para 42 Hz. Amplitude: mediana 614nV; 1° quartil 529nV; 3° quartil 650nV; mínimo 370nV; máximo 794nV; percentil 2,5 378,8nV; percentil 97,5 779,6nV. Latência: mediana 26,4ms; 1° quartil 25,4ms; 3° quartil 26,8ms; mínimo 23,4ms; máximo 28,2ms; percentil 2,5 23,8ms; percentil 97,5 27,88ms. Para 31,25Hz. Amplitude: mediana 632nV; 1° quartil 429nV; 3° quartil 750nV; mínimo 364nV; máximo 1036nV; percentil2,5 364,8nV; percentil 97,5 1018,4nV. Latência: mediana 30,1ms; 1° quartil 29,3ms; 3° quartil 31,2ms; mínimo 25,9ms; máximo 33,9ms; percentil 2,5 27,18ms; percentil 97,5 27,88ms. CONCLUSÃO: O presente estudo estabelece limites de normalidade para o exame de eletrorretinografia focal em adultos jovens para freqüências temporais de 42Hz e 31,25 Hz. Os resultados encontrados mostram valores similares de amplitude para ambas as freqüências temporais e latência significantemente mais rápida para a freqüência de 42 Hz.

[Focal electroretinography in normal young adults]. / Eletrorretinografia focal em adultos jovens normais.

PURPOSE: To determine normative values for focal electroretinography in normal young adults, according to the standard protocol recommended by the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision-IsCEV. METHODS: 33 normal volunteers aged from 14 to 38 years (mean 22.96+/-5.73) were included in this study. Focal electroretinography was recorded by corneal electrode after white flicker light stimulation in the macula at high temporal frequencies -42Hz and 31.25Hz. Focal electroretinography parameters as amplitude (nanovolts) and latency (milliseconds) were extracted and analyzed after discrete Fourier transformation. Median, values below 95% and above 95%; maximum; minimum and percentiles were calculated for both parameters; a t test was calculated between amplitudes and latencies for both frequencies. RESULTS: For 42Hz. Amplitude: median 614nV; below 95% 529nV; above 95% 650nV; minimum 370 nV; maximum 794 nV; 2.5th percentile 378.8nV; 97.5th percentile 779.6nV. Latency: median 26.4ms; below 95% 25.4ms; above 95% 26.8ms; minimum 23.4ms; maximum 28.2ms; 2.5th percentile 23.8ms; 97.5th percentile 27.88ms. For 31.25Hz. Amplitude: median 632nV; below 95% 429nV; above 95% 750nV; minimum 364nV; maximum 1036nV; 2.5th percentile 364.8nV; 97.5th percentile 1018.4nV. Latency: median 30.1ms; below 95% 29.3ms; above 95% 31.2ms; minimum 25.9ms; maximum 33.9ms; 2.5th percentile 27.18ms; 97.5th percentile 33.34ms. CONCLUSIONS: Normal limits for focal electroretinography according to the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision, guidelines were established in a cohort of young adults. Comparable amplitude values were found for both 42 Hz and 31.25 Hz temporal frequencies. However, latencies was significantly faster for 42 Hz stimuli.