The Efficacy of Health Promotion Program Among Parents Who Had Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity-Disorder.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the effect of health promotion program (HPP) on stress, quality of life, health-promoting lifestyles, and children's attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in parents of children with ADHD. METHODS: Sixty parents of children with ADHD were equally randomized into the intervention (health promotion program) and control (usual care) groups. Outcomes included parents' stress, quality of life, health-promoting lifestyles, and children's ADHD symptoms before, immediately after, and 1, 3, and 6 months after the intervention. The GEE was used to evaluate the effectiveness. RESULTS: The intervention group reported significant improvement in the children's hyperactivity/impulse and opposition at the 6- and 3-month, respectively. Parental overall stress significantly improved at 3 and 6 months. Parents' quality of life had significant effects at the immediate, 3-month, and 6-month. Self-actualization behavior for health-promoting lifestyles had significant effects at the immediate follow-up. CONCLUSION: HPP can promote the mental well-being of parents of children with ADHD.

Determinants of Positive and Negative Affect among Adolescents and Young Adults in Indonesia: A Population-Based Survey.

Positive and negative affect are crucial for mental health. However, the determinant factors of positive and negative affect have yet to be examined between adolescents and young adults. This study aimed to explore the determinant factors of positive and negative affect, comparing their effects among adolescents and young adults and among the two sexes in Indonesia. We undertook secondary data analyses of the Indonesia Family Life Survey for this cross-sectional study. Questionnaires on sociodemographic characteristics, physical and mental health-related variables, and childhood family experiences from 2014 were used as independent variables, and positive and negative affect were used as the dependent variables. Hierarchical linear regression was performed to investigate the factors associated with positive and negative affect and to compare their effects between adolescents and young adults. The hierarchical linear regression revealed that sociodemographic characteristics, perceived health, smoking, chronic condition, acute morbidity, sleep, childhood family experiences, depression, personality type, life satisfaction, happiness, and experience of disasters were associated with positive and negative affect among adolescents and young adults in Indonesia. Identification of positive and negative affect as well as their associated factors among adolescents and young adults should be considered when developing preventive programs in the community.

Mediating effect of resilience on association among stress, depression, and anxiety in Indonesian nursing students.

BACKGROUND: Studies on beneficial effects of resilience among nursing students are scarce, particularly in the context of Indonesian cultural characteristics and family socioeconomic status. Consequently, whether resilience affects the associations between clinical practice-related stress and mental health problems remains unknown. PURPOSE: We aimed to reveal whether resilience mediates the associations among stress, depression, and anxiety. METHODS: In this study, 336 nursing students were recruited and completed the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress questionnaires. Students' economic status was assessed using the Self-Reported Questionnaire Family Socioeconomic Status. Data were collected in mid-2016 and analyzed using Pearson's correlation, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and simple linear regression with a mediation test. RESULTS: Results demonstrated that resilience had a partial mediating effect on depression (B = 0.044) and anxiety (B = 0.017) after controlling for student age, living situation, and living allowance. These results indicated that resilience affects stress, depression, and anxiety. CONCLUSION: Resilience is thus a crucial mediator of the relationship of clinical practice-related stress with depression and anxiety in nursing students. A well-balanced relationship between academic demands, private life, and financial support can counteract the influence of depression and anxiety in this population.

Associated factors of depression among young adults in Indonesia: A population-based longitudinal study.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Depression is highly prevalent among young adults in Indonesia; despite this, information pertaining to the associated factors of depression remains scarce. In this study, we aimed to identify these associated factors among young adults in Indonesia by using a longitudinal study design. METHODS: We undertook secondary data analyses of the Indonesia Family Life Survey. Questionnaires related to smoking behavior, acute morbidities, perceived health, experience of natural disasters, and sociodemographic records from 2007 were used as independent variables and depression in 2014 was used as the outcome variable. The generalized estimating equation (GEE) approach was used to investigate the associated factors of depression. RESULTS: The prevalence of depression among 1960 young adults was 27.86%. Based on the GEE results, perceived health was significantly negatively correlated with depression in 2014 (p < .001), whereas smoking behavior, smoking cessation, and acute morbidities in 2007 were significantly positively correlated with depression in 2014 (p < .001). CONCLUSION: We report that the early identification of depression in this population is pivotal and relevant associated factors should be considered when developing preventive programs to avoid depression in the community.