The effect of surfactant type on characteristics, skin penetration and anti-aging effectiveness of transfersomes containing amniotic mesenchymal stem cells metabolite products in UV-aging induced mice.

Transfersome has been developed to enhance dermal delivery of amniotic mesenchymal stem cell metabolite products (AMSC-MP). AMSC-MP contains many growth factors for managing skin aging, thus improving the quality of an adjusted life year. This study aims to determine the effect of surfactant types acting as the edge activator on transfersome-loading AMSC-MP. Transfersome was prepared by thin-layer hydration method and composed of l-α-phosphatidylcholine as a phospholipid and three types of surfactants, namely; cationic (stearylamine), anionic (sodium cholate), and nonionic surfactant (Tween 80) at a weight ratio of 85:15, respectively. Transfersomes were evaluated for physical characteristics, penetration, effectiveness, and safety. The results showed that sodium cholate, an anionic surfactant, produced the smallest transfersome particle size, i.e., 144.2 ± 3.2 nm, among all formulas. Trans-SA containing stearylamine had a positive charge of 41.53 ± 6.03 mV compared to Trans-SC and Trans-TW, whose respective charges were -56.9 ± 0.55 mV and -41.73 ± 0.86 mV. The small particle size and low negative value of zeta potential enabled high dermal penetration by transfersomes containing AMSC-MP, while the positive charge of stearylamine hindered its penetration of deeper skin layers. Trans-SC and Trans-TW produced higher collagen density values at 77.11 ± of 4.15% and 70.05 ± of 6.95%, than that of Trans-SA. All the AMSC-MP transfersomes were relatively safe with 0.5-1.0 macrophage cell numbers invaded the dermis per field of view. In conclusion, sodium cholate, an anionic surfactant, demonstrated considerable capacity as the edge activator of transfersome-loading AMSC-MP for skin anti-aging therapy.

N-nitrosodiethylamine induces inflammation of liver in mice.

OBJECTIVES: For designing early treatment for liver cancer, it is important to prepare an animal model to evaluate cancer prevention treatment by using inflammation disease. The hepatocarcinogenic N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) has been reportedly able to produce free radicals that cause liver inflammation leading to liver carcinoma. This study aimed to evaluate the inflammation disease model of mice induced with hepatocarcinogenic NDEA for five weeks induction. METHODS: The BALB-c mice were induced with NDEA 25 mg/kg of body weight once a week for five weeks intraperitonially and it was then evaluated for the body weight during study periods. The mice were then sacrificed and excised for evaluating their organs including physical and morphological appearances and histopathology evaluations. RESULTS: The results showed a significant decrease of body weight of mice after five times induction of 25 mg NDEA/kgBW per week intraperitonially. Different morphological appearances and weight of mice organs specifically for liver and spleen had also been observed. The histopathology examination showed that there were hepatic lipidosis and steatohepatitis observed in liver and spleen, respectively that might indicate the hepatocellular injury. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that inducing mice with NDEA intraperitonially resulted in fatty liver disease leading to progress of cancer disease.