Size and fixation options of dorsoulnar fragments in distal radius fractures.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the influence of size and fixation options of dorsoulnar fragments on the clinical outcomes of distal radius fractures (DRFs). METHODS: This retrospective analysis was performed on 94 patients with DFR accompanied by dorsoulnar fragments, spanning the period from October 2018 to November 2022. Mean follow-up was 15.5 (range, 12-20) months. Patients were divided into small- (<5 %, n = 28), middle- (5-15 %, n = 50), and large- (>15 %, n = 16) sized groups according to articular involvement of dorsoulnar fragments determined by three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) modeling. Subdivision also took place for the presence of postoperative fragment displacement (>2 mm) and fixation methods including volar locking plate (VLP), VLP combined with dorsal hollow compression screw (VDS), and VLP combined with dorsal low-profile mini plate (VDP). The radiographic parameters (volar tilt, radial inclination, and radial height) and functional outcome measures of wrist range of motion, wrist function (DASH, PRWE), and wrist pain (VAS) were evaluated and compared between groups. RESULTS: Fracture healing was observed in all patients at final follow-up. No instances of dorsoulnar fragment displacement were observed in patients undergoing VDS and VDP treatment and the incidence of the dorsoulnar fragment displacement was 35 % (n = 8) in small-sized group, 21 % (n = 7) in middle-sized group, and 7 % (n = 1) in large-sized group when patients were treated with VLP. In small-sized group, no significant differences were found between patients with and without dorsoulnar fragment displacement in dorsiflexion restriction (10.6 ± 2.8°, 9.1 ± 2.3°, P = 0.159), pronosupination restriction (9.6 ± 2.1°, 8.6 ± 1.7°, P = 0.188), DASH (11.5 ± 4.1, 10.7 ± 3.2, P = 0.562), PRWE (11.9 ± 4.2, 10.6 ± 3.6, P = 0.425), and VAS (1.1 ± 1.1, 0.9 ± 1.0, P = 0.528). In middle-sized combined with large-sized group, the functional outcome measures of dorsiflexion restriction (12.5 ± 3.7°, 9.8 ± 2.9°, P = 0.022), DASH (14.6 ± 5.2, 11.4 ± 3.7, P = 0.030), and PRWE (15.0 ± 4.5, 11.3 ± 3.9, P = 0.016) were superior in patients without dorsoulnar fragment displacement. In patients treated with VLPs, no significant differences were found in dorsiflexion restriction (9.8 ± 2.5°, 10.8 ± 3.5°, 9.4 ± 2.5°, P = 0.299), pronosupination restriction (9.2 ± 1.9°, 10.1 ± 2.8°, 8.9 ± 1.5°, P = 0.200), DASH (11.1 ± 3.5, 12.9 ± 4.3, 11.1 ± 3.6, P = 0.162), PRWE (11.1 ± 3.9, 12.8 ± 4.2, 10.8 ± 3.9, P = 0.188), and VAS (1.0 ± 1.0, 1.4 ± 1.1, 0.9 ± 0.9, P = 0.151) between small-sized, middle-sized, and large-sized groups. In middle-sized group, no significant differences were found in dorsiflexion restriction (10.8 ± 3.5°, 9.4 ± 2.2°, 9.4 ± 2.4°, P = 0.316); pronosupination restriction (10.1 ± 2.8°, 8.8 ± 1.9°, 9.0 ± 2.5°, P = 0.314), DASH (12.9 ± 4.3, 10.3 ± 3.7, 10.5 ± 3.7, P = 0.133), PRWE (12.8 ± 4.2, 10.4 ± 3.8, 10.6 ± 4.1, P = 0.199), and VAS (1.4 ± 1.1, 0.8 ± 0.7, 1.0 ± 1.1, P = 0.201) between subgroups of VLP, VDS, and VDP. No significant differences were found in radiographic parameters between all groups compared. CONCLUSION: This study indicated that the strict reduction and fixation of a dorsoulnar fragment might be not essential when its articular involvement was less than 5 %. The volar locking plate (VLP) fixation was commonly effective in treating distal radius fractures accompanied by a dorsoulnar fragment involving over 15 % of the articular surface. Additionally, the use of an additional dorsal hollow compression screw or a dorsal low-profile mini plate can get good wrist function in the early-term follow-up when the dorsoulnar fragment involve 5-15 % of the articular surface.

Metal-Organic Framework-Based Materials for Advanced Sodium Storage: Development and Anticipation.

As a pioneering battery technology, even though sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are safe, non-flammable, and capable of exhibiting better temperature endurance performance than lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), because of lower energy density and larger ionic size, they are not amicable for large-scale applications. Generally, the electrochemical storage performance of a secondary battery can be improved by monitoring the composition and morphology of electrode materials. Because more is the intricacy of a nanostructured composite electrode material, more electrochemical storage applications would be expected. Despite the conventional methods suitable for practical production, the synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) would offer enormous opportunities for next-generation battery applications by delicately systematizing the structure and composition at the molecular level to store sodium ions with larger sizes compared with lithium ions. Here, the review comprehensively discusses the progress of nanostructured MOFs and their derivatives applied as negative and positive electrode materials for effective sodium storage in SIBs. The commercialization goal has prompted the development of MOFs and their derivatives as electrode materials, before which the synthesis and mechanism for MOF-based SIB electrodes with improved sodium storage performance are systematically discussed. Finally, the existing challenges, possible perspectives, and future opportunities will be anticipated.

High-Entropy MXene as Bifunctional Mediator toward Advanced Li-S Full Batteries.

The development of high-energy-density Li-S batteries (LSBs) is still hindered by the disturbing polysulfide shuttle effect. Herein, with clever combination between "high entropy" and MXene, an HE-MXene doped graphene composite containing multiple element quasi-atoms as bifunctional mediator for separator modification (HE-MXene/G@PP) in LSBs is proposed. The HE-MXene/G@PP offers high electrical conductivity for fast lithium polysulfide (LiPS) redox conversion kinetics, abundant metal active sites for efficient chemisorption with LiPSs, and strong lipophilic characteristics for uniform Li+ deposition on lithium metal surface. As demonstrated by DFT theoretical calculations, in situ Raman, and DRT results successively, HE-MXene/G@PP efficiently captures LiPSs through synergistic modulation of the cocktail effect and accelerates the LiPSs redox reaction, and the lattice distortion effect effectively induces the homogeneous deposition of dendritic-free lithium. Therefore, this work achieves excellent long-term cycling performance with a decay rate of 0.026%/0.031% per cycle after 1200 cycles at 1 C/2 C. The Li||Li symmetric cell still maintains a stable overpotential after 6000 h under 40 mA cm-2/40 mAh cm-2. Furthermore, it delivers favorable cycling stability under 7.8 mg cm-2 and a low E/S ratio of 5.6 µL mg-1. This strategy provides a rational approach to resolve the sulfur cathode and lithium anode problems simultaneously.

Advances in Inorganic Solid-State Electrolyte/Li Interface.

The increasing demand for high-energy-density and high-safety energy storage devices has sparked a growing interest in all-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs). A high-quality inorganic solid-state electrolyte (ISE) is a fundamental requirement for ASSLMBs, and an effective ISE/Li interface is a key factor in attaining high-performance ASSLMBs. In this Concept, we initially summarize the challenges encountered by ISE/Li interfaces and delineate four commonly employed strategies for modifying the ISE/Li interface. Then, we explore the merits and drawbacks of coatings utilized as ISE/Li interfacial phases. We also delve into the commonly employed thermal bonding and innovative cold bonding methods utilized for in situ interface preparation. Lastly, we spotlight future directions for enhancing the functionality of ISE/Li interfaces and achieving high-performance ASSLMBs.

Self-Induced Dual-Layered Solid Electrolyte Interphase with High Toughness and High Ionic Conductivity for Ultra-Stable Lithium Metal Batteries.

Lithium (Li) metal is considered as one of the most promising candidates of anode material for high-specific-energy batteries, while irreversible chemical reactions always occur on the Li surface to continuously consume active Li, electrolyte. Solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer has been regarded as the key component in protecting Li metal anode. Herein, a controllable dual-layered SEI for Li metal anode in a scalable, low-loss manner is constructed. The SEI is self-induced by the predeposited LiAlO2 (LAO) layer during the initial cycles, in which the outer organic layer is produced due to the electrons tunneling through LAO, resulting in the reduction of electrolyte. The robust inner LAO layer can promote uniform Li deposition owing to its favorable mechanical strength and ionic conductivity, and the outer organic layer can further improve the stability of SEI. Benefiting from the remarkable effects of this dual-layered SEI, enhanced electrochemical performance of the LAO-Li anode is achieved. Additionally, a large-size LAO-Li sample can be easily obtained, and the preparation of the modified Li metal anode shows huge potential for large-scale production. This work highlights the tremendous potential of this self-induced dual-layered SEI for the commercialization of Li metal anode.

Multilevel Gradient-Ordered Silicon Anode with Unprecedented Sodium Storage.

While cost-effective sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) with crystalline silicon anodes promise high theoretical capacities, they perform poorly because silicon stores sodium ineffectively (capacity <40 mAh g-1 ). To address this issue, herein an atomic-order structural-design tactic is adopted for obtaining unique multilevel gradient-ordered silicon (MGO-Si) by simple electrochemical reconstruction. In situ-formed short-range-, medium-range-, and long-range-ordered structures construct a stable MGO-Si, which contributes to favorable Na-Si interaction and fast ion diffusion channels. These characteristics afford a high reversible capacity (352.7 mAh g-1 at 50 mA g-1 ) and stable cycling performance (95.2% capacity retention after 4000 cycles), exhibiting record values among those reported for pure silicon electrodes. Sodium storage of MGO-Si involves an adsorption-intercalation mechanism, and a stepwise construction strategy of gradient-ordered structure further improves the specific capacity (339.5 mAh g-1 at 100 mA g-1 ). Reconstructed Si/C composites show a high reversible capacity of 449.5 mAh g-1 , significantly better than most carbonaceous anodes. The universality of this design principle is demonstrated for other inert or low-capacity materials (micro-Si, SiO2 , SiC, graphite, and TiO2 ), boosting their capacities by 1.5-6 times that of pristine materials, thereby providing new solutions to facilitate sodium storage capability for better-performing battery designs.

Cytoplasmic Escape of Mitochondrial DNA Mediated by Mfn2 Downregulation Promotes Microglial Activation via cGas-Sting Axis in Spinal Cord Injury.

Neuroinflammation is associated with poor outcomes in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Recent studies have demonstrated that stimulator of interferon genes (Sting) plays a key role in inflammatory diseases. However, the role of Sting in SCI remains unclear. In the present study, it is found that increased Sting expression is mainly derived from activated microglia after SCI. Interestingly, knockout of Sting in microglia can improve the recovery of neurological function after SCI. Microglial Sting knockout restrains the polarization of microglia toward the M1 phenotype and alleviates neuronal death. Furthermore, it is found that the downregulation of mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) expression in microglial cells leads to an imbalance in mitochondrial fusion and division, inducing the release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which mediates the activation of the cGas-Sting signaling pathway and aggravates inflammatory response damage after SCI. A biomimetic microglial nanoparticle strategy to deliver MASM7 (named MSNs-MASM7@MI) is established. In vitro, MSNs-MASM7@MI showed no biological toxicity and effectively delivered MASM7. In vivo, MSNs-MASM7@MI improves nerve function after SCI. The study provides evidence that cGas-Sting signaling senses Mfn2-dependent mtDNA release and that its activation may play a key role in SCI. These findings provide new perspectives and potential therapeutic targets for SCI treatment.

A Metal-Organic Framework-Derived Strategy for Constructing Synergistic N-Doped Carbon-Encapsulated NiCoP@N-C-Based Anodes toward High-Efficient Lithium Storage.

Transition metal phosphides (TMPs) have been regarded as the prospective anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, their poor intrinsic conductivity and inevitable large volume variation result in sluggish redox kinetics and the collapse of electrode structure during cycling, which substantially hinders their practical use. Herein, an effective composite electrodes design strategy of "assembly and phosphorization" is proposed to construct synergistic N-doped carbon-encapsulated NiCoP@N-C-based composites, employing a metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as sacrificial hosts. Serving as the anodes for LIBs, one representative P-NCP-NC-600 electrode exhibits high reversible capacity (858.5 mAh g-1, 120 cycles at 0.1 A g-1) and superior long-cycle stability (608.7 mAh g-1, 500 cycles at 1 A g-1). The impressive performances are credited to the synergistic effect between its unique composite structure, electronic properties and ideal composition, which achieve plentiful lithium storage sites and reinforce the structural architecture. By accompanying experimental investigations with theoretical calculations, a deep understanding in the lithium storage mechanism is achieved. Furthermore, it is revealed that a more ideal synergistic effect between NiCoP components and N-doped carbon frameworks is fundamentally responsible for the realization of superb lithium storage properties. This strategy proposes certain instructive significance toward designable high-performance TMP-based anodes for high-energy density LIBs.

Ultra-Sleek High Entropy Alloy Tights: Realizing Superior Cyclability for Anode-Free Battery.

The development of Li-free anodes to inhibit Li dendrite formation and provide high energy density Li batteries is highly applauded. However, the lithiophobic interphase and heterogeneous Li deposition hindered the practical application. In this work, a 20 nm ultra-sleek high entropy alloy (HEA, NiCdCuInZn) tights loaded with HEA nanoparticles are developed by a thermodynamically driven phase transition method on the carbon fiber (HEA/C). Multiple Li+ transport paths and abundant active sites are enabled by the cocktail effect of different constituent elements in HEA. These active sites with gradient absorption energies (-3.18 to -2.03 eV) facilitate selective binding, providing a low barrier for homogeneous Li nucleation. Simultaneously, multiple transport paths promote Li diffusion behavior with uniform Li deposition. Thus, the HEA/C achieves high reversibility of Li plating/stripping processes over 2000 cycles with a coulombic efficiency of 99.6% at 5 mA cm-2 /1 mAh cm-2 in asymmetric cells, as well as over 7200 h at 60 mA cm-2 /60 mAh cm-2 in symmetric cells. Moreover, the anode-free full cell with the HEA/C host has an average coulombic efficiency of 99.5% at 1 C after 160 cycles. This advanced HEA structure design shows a favorable potential application for anode-free Li metal batteries.

Degradation of Mechanical Properties of Graphene Oxide Concrete under Sulfate Attack and Freeze-Thaw Cycle Environment.

In this paper, firstly, the effects of graphene oxide on the mechanical properties of concrete were investigated. Secondly, the degradation and mechanism of the mechanical properties of graphene oxide concrete (GOC) under sulfate attack and a freeze-thaw environment were investigated. In addition, the dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOEdy) and uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of the GOC were measured under different environmental conditions. According to the test results, the incorporation of graphene oxide in appropriate admixtures could improve the mechanical properties of concrete in these two working environments. It is worth noting that this effect is most pronounced when 0.05 wt% graphene oxide is incorporated. In the sulfate attack environment, the MOEdy and UTS of the GOC0.05% specimen at 120 cycles decreased by 22.28% and 24.23%, respectively, compared with the normal concrete specimens. In the freeze-thaw environment, the MOEdy and UTS of the GOC0.05% specimen at 90 cycles decreased by 13.96% and 7.58%, respectively, compared with the normal concrete specimens. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis showed that graphene oxide could adjust the aggregation state of cement hydration products and its own reaction with some cement hydration crystals to form strong covalent bonds, thereby improving and enhancing the microstructure density.

Large Interlayer Distance and Heteroatom-Doping of Graphite Provide New Insights into the Dual-Ion Storage Mechanism in Dual-Carbon Batteries.

Dual-ion batteries (DIBs) is a promising technology for large-scale energy storage. However, it is still questionable how material structures affect the anion storage behavior. In this paper, we synthesis graphite with an ultra-large interlayer distance and heteroatomic doping to systematically investigate the combined effects on DIBs. The large interlayer distance of 0.51 nm provides more space for anion storage, while the doping of the heteroatoms reduces the energy barriers for anion intercalation and migration and enhances rapid ionic storage at interfaces simultaneously. Based on the synergistic effects, the DIBs composed of carbon cathode and lithium anode afford ultra-high capacity of 240 mAh g-1 at current density of 100 mA g-1 . Dual-carbon batteries (DCBs) using the graphite as both of cathode and anode steadily cycle 2400 times at current density of 1 A g-1 . Hence, this work provides a reference to the strategy of material designs of DIBs and DCBs.

p16INK4A flow cytometry of exfoliated cervical cells: Its role in quantitative pathology and clinical diagnosis of squamous intraepithelial lesions.

BACKGROUND: P16INK4A is a surrogate signature compensating for the specificity and/or sensitivity deficiencies of the human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA and Papanicolaou smear (Pap) co-test for detecting high-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions or worse (HSIL+). However, traditional p16INK4A immunostaining is labour intensive and skill demanding, and subjective biases cannot be avoided. Herein, we created a high-throughput, quantitative diagnostic device, p16INK4A flow cytometry (FCM) and assessed its performances in cervical cancer screening and prevention. METHODS: P16INK4A FCM was built upon a novel antibody clone and a series of positive and negative (p16INK4A -knockout) standards. Since 2018, 24 100-women (HPV-positive/-negative, Pap-normal/-abnormal) have been enrolled nationwide for two-tier validation work. In cross-sectional studies, age- and viral genotype-dependent expression of p16INK4A was investigated, and optimal diagnostic parameter cut-offs (using colposcopy and biopsy as a gold standard) were obtained. In cohort studies, the 2-year prognostic values of p16INK4A were investigated with other risk factors by multivariate regression analyses in three cervicopathological conditions: HPV-positive Pap-normal, Pap-abnormal biopsy-negative and biopsy-confirmed LSIL. RESULTS: P16INK4A FCM detected a minimal ratio of 0.01% positive cells. The p16INK4A -positive ratio was 13.9 ± 1.8% among HPV-negative NILM women and peaked at the ages of 40-49 years; after HPV infection, the ratio increased to 15.1 ± 1.6%, varying with the carcinogenesis of the viral genotype. Further increments were found in women with neoplastic lesions (HPV-negative: 17.7 ± 5.0-21.4 ± 7.2%; HPV-positive: 18.0 ± 5.2-20.0 ± 9.9%). Extremely low expression of p16INK4A was observed in women with HSILs. As the HPV-combined double-cut-off-ratio criterion was adopted, a Youden's index of 0.78 was obtained, which was significantly higher than that (0.72) of the HPV and Pap co-test. The p16INK4A -abnormal situation was an independent HSIL+ risk factor for 2-year outcomes in all three cervicopathological conditions investigated (hazard ratios: 4.3-7.2). CONCLUSIONS: FCM-based p16INK4A quantification offers a better choice for conveniently and precisely monitoring the occurrence of HSIL+ and directing risk-stratification-based interventions.

Recent Progress for Concurrent Realization of Shuttle-Inhibition and Dendrite-Free Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have become one of the most promising new-generation energy storage systems owing to their ultrahigh energy density (2600 Wh kg-1 ), cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. Nevertheless, their practical applications are seriously impeded by the shuttle effect of soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), and the uncontrolled dendrite growth of metallic Li, which result in rapid capacity fading and battery safety problems. A systematic and comprehensive review of the cooperative combination effect and tackling the fundamental problems in terms of cathode and anode synchronously is still lacking. Herein, for the first time, the strategies for inhibiting shuttle behavior and dendrite-free Li-S batteries simultaneously are summarized and classified into three parts, including "two-in-one" S-cathode and Li-anode host materials toward Li-S full cell, "two birds with one stone" modified functional separators, and tailoring electrolyte for stabilizing sulfur and lithium electrodes. This review also emphasizes the fundamental Li-S chemistry mechanism and catalyst principles for improving electrochemical performance; advanced characterization technologies to monitor real-time LiPS evolution are also discussed in detail. The problems, perspectives, and challenges with respect to inhibiting the shuttle effect and dendrite growth issues as well as the practical application of Li-S batteries are also proposed.

Efficacy and safety of pharmacologic therapies for prevention of osteoporotic vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women.

Background: There are many pharmaceutical interventions available to prevent osteoporotic vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women, but the efficacy and safety of these drugs are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of drugs in the prevention of osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were comprehensively searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to February 15, 2020, including postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Network meta-analysis was conducted based on the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to report the results. This study was registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42020201167. Main Outcomes were incidences of new vertebral fracture and serious adverse events. Results: Fifty-five RCTs (n = 104 580) evaluating vertebral fractures of sixteen kinds of pharmacologic therapies were included in the network meta-analysis. Abaloparatide (RR, 0.21; [95% CI, 0.09 to 0.51]), alendronate (RR, 0.55; [95% CI, 0.38 to 0.81]), calcitonin (RR, 0.44; [95% CI, 0.25 to 0.78]), denosumab (RR, 0.33; [95% CI, 0.14 to 0.61]), parathyroid hormone (PTH) (RR, 0.32; [95% CI, 0.10 to 0.97]), risedronate (RR, 0.65; [95% CI, 0.42 to 1.00]), romosozumab (RR, 0.31; [95% CI, 0.16 to 0.61]), strontium ranelate (RR, 0.62; [95% CI, 0.42 to 0.93]), teriparatide (RR, 0.27; [95% CI, 0.17 to 0.43]), and zoledronate (RR, 0.41; [95% CI, 0.93]) were associated with lower vertebral fracture risk compared to placebo. PTH was associated with more adverse event rates. For any two drug treatments, the RR of serious adverse events was not statistically significant. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and calcitonin may be slower to work because they have only been shown to reduce the risk of vertebral fractures in long-term (>18 months) follow-up. Conclusions: A variety of drugs are safe and effective in preventing osteoporotic vertebral fractures. HRT and calcitonin only reduced the risk of vertebral fractures during a follow-up of 21-72 months.

Constructing a Uniform and Stable Mixed Conductive Layer to Stabilize the Solid-State Electrolyte/Li Interface by Cold Bonding at Mild Conditions.

Garnet-type Li6.4 La3 Zr1.4 Ta0.6 O12 (LLZ) electrolyte is a promising candidate for high-performance solid-state batteries, while its applications are hindered by interfacial problems. Although the utilization of functional coatings and molten lithium (Li) effectively solves the LLZ interfacial compatibility problem with Li metal, it poses problems such as high cost, high danger, and structural damage. Herein, a mixed conductive layer (MCL) is introduced at the LLZ/Li interface (RT-MCL) via an in situ cold bonding process at room temperature. Such a stable and compact RT-MCL can effectively suppress side reactions and protect the crystal structure of LLZ, and it also inhibits growth of Li dendrites and promotes uniform Li deposition. The critical current density (CCD) of the Li symmetric cell composed of RT-MCL-LLZ is increased to 1.8 mA cm-2 and provides stable cycling performance over 2000 h under 0.5 mA cm-2 . Additionally, this in situ cold bonding treatment can significantly reduce cost and eliminate potential safety issues caused by the high-temperature processing of Li metal. This work highlights tremendous potential of this cold bonding technique in the reasonable design and optimization of the LLZ/Li interface.

Highly stable, antiviral, antibacterial cotton textiles via molecular engineering.

Cotton textiles are ubiquitous in daily life and are also one of the primary mediums for transmitting viruses and bacteria. Conventional approaches to fabricating antiviral and antibacterial textiles generally load functional additives onto the surface of the fabric and/or their microfibres. However, such modifications are susceptible to deterioration after long-term use due to leaching of the additives. Here we show a different method to impregnate copper ions into the cellulose matrix to form a copper ion-textile (Cu-IT), in which the copper ions strongly coordinate with the oxygen-containing polar functional groups (for example, hydroxyl) of the cellulose chains. The Cu-IT displays high antiviral and antibacterial performance against tobacco mosaic virus and influenza A virus, and Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis bacteria due to the antimicrobial properties of copper. Furthermore, the strong coordination bonding of copper ions with the hydroxyl functionalities endows the Cu-IT with excellent air/water retainability and superior mechanical stability, which can meet daily use and resist repeated washing. This method to fabricate Cu-IT is cost-effective, ecofriendly and highly scalable, and this textile appears very promising for use in household products, public facilities and medical settings.

Evaluation of early renal function changes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using BOLD and ASL / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To noninvasively evaluate the clinical value of early renal function changes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) and arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI.Methods:A total of 63 T2DM patients from Tianjin First Central Hospital from September 2019 to May 2022 were prospectively collected, 30 healthy volunteers (control group) were collected during the same period. According to albumin creatinine ratio (ACR), patients with T2DM were divided into normal albuminuria (NAU, ACR<30 mg/g) group and microalbuminuria (MAU, 30 mg/g≤ACR≤300 mg/g) group, there were 35 and 28 cases respectively. All subjects underwent abdominal BOLD and ASL scans. The values of renal cortical and medullary apparent relaxation rate (R 2*) and renal cortical renal blood flow (RBF) were measured. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the differences in R 2* and RBF among the three groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyze relevant parameters to identify the diagnostic effectiveness of each group, and area under the curve (AUC) was compared by Z-test. Results:There were significant differences in renal medullary R 2* and renal cortical RBF among the control group, NAU group and MAU group ( F=45.83, 34.15, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in renal cortical R 2* ( F=2.98, P=0.056). In differentiating the control group from the NAU group, the AUC of renal medullary R 2*, renal cortical RBF and their combined parameters were 0.921 (95%CI 0.827-0.973), 0.704 (95%CI 0.578-0.811), 0.964 (95%CI 0.885-0.994), respectively. The AUC of combined parameters was significantly different from renal cortical RBF ( Z=4.07, P<0.001), but not from renal medullary R 2* ( Z=1.57, P=0.117). In differentiating the NAU from the MAU group, the AUC were 0.898 (95%CI 0.796-0.960), 0.919 (95%CI 0.823-0.973), 0.985 (95%CI 0.881-0.994), respectively. The AUC of combined parameters was significantly different from renal medullary R 2* and renal cortical RBF ( Z=2.39, P=0.017; Z=2.20, P=0.028). Conclusions:The changes of renal oxygenation level and blood flow in early stage of T2DM patients can be evaluated noninvasively and quantitatively using BOLD and ASL. Renal medullary R 2* combined with renal cortex RBF shows better diagnostic efficacy for early renal function changes in diabetes than each single index.

Analysis of influencing factors of phenanthrene adsorption by different soils in Guanzhong basin based on response surface method.

Adsorption desorption is an important behavior affecting the migration of phenanthrene in soil. In this study, three typical soils of loess, silts and silty sand in Guanzhong Basin, Shaanxi Province, China were used as adsorbents. Batch equilibrium experiments were carried out to study the adsorption desorption kinetics and isotherm of phenanthrene in different soils. Response surface method (RSM) was used to study the effects of temperature, pH, phenanthrene concentration and organic matter content on soil adsorption of phenanthrene. The results showed that after adsorption, the outline of soil particles became more blurred and the degree of cementation increased. The kinetic adsorption of phenanthrene by soil conforms to the quasi second-order kinetic model, and the adsorption desorption isotherm is nonlinear and conforms to the Freundlich model. Due to the difference of soil properties, the adsorption amount of phenanthrene by soil is loess > silty sand > silts. The thermodynamic results show that the adsorption of phenanthrene by soil is spontaneous and endothermic, and the desorption is spontaneous and exothermic. Through RSM, the interaction between phenanthrene concentration and soil organic matter in Loess and silts is significant, and the interaction between temperature and soil organic matter in silty sand is significant. Among the four factors affecting the adsorption rate of loess, silts and silty sand, soil organic matter is the most significant. The theoretical optimum adsorption rates of loess, silts and silty sand are 98.89%, 96.59% and 93.37% respectively.

A cellulose-derived supramolecule for fast ion transport.

Supramolecular frameworks have been widely synthesized for ion transport applications. However, conventional approaches of constructing ion transport pathways in supramolecular frameworks typically require complex processes and display poor scalability, high cost, and limited sustainability. Here, we report the scalable and cost-effective synthesis of an ion-conducting (e.g., Na+) cellulose-derived supramolecule (Na-CS) that features a three-dimensional, hierarchical, and crystalline structure composed of massively aligned, one-dimensional, and ångström-scale open channels. Using wood-based Na-CS as a model material, we achieve high ionic conductivities (e.g., 0.23 S/cm in 20 wt% NaOH at 25 °C) even with a highly dense microstructure, in stark contrast to conventional membranes that typically rely on large pores (e.g., submicrometers to a few micrometers) to obtain comparable ionic conductivities. This synthesis approach can be universally applied to a variety of cellulose materials beyond wood, including cotton textiles, fibers, paper, and ink, which suggests excellent potential for a number of applications such as ion-conductive membranes, ionic cables, and ionotronic devices.