Can chronoradiotherapy offer benefits to cervical cancer patients? A scoping review.

The objective of this scoping review was to synthesize the available evidence and evaluate the effectiveness of chronoradiotherapy interventions in cervical cancer patients. This scoping review was performed by searching in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, Wenpu, and Chinese Biomedical Literature (CBM) databases. Databases were searched for studies published in English or Chinese from inception to 21 May 2021, and reference lists of relevant reports were scanned. Two investigators independently screened eligible studies in accordance with predetermined eligibility criteria and extracted data. The included studies were summarized and analyzed. Five studies including a total of 422 patients with cervical cancer were included in the scoping review; four studies were Chinese, and one was Indian. Main themes identified included the efficiency of chronoradiotherapy and relevant toxic and side effects, including diarrhea toxicity, hematologic toxicity, myelosuppression, gastrointestinal mucositis, and skin reactions. Administration of radiotherapy at different times of the day resulted in similar efficacy. However, the toxic side effects of morning radiotherapy (MR) and evening radiotherapy (ER) differed, with radiotherapy in the evening leading to more severe hematologic toxicity and myelosuppression. There were conflicting conclusions about gastrointestinal reactions with chronoradiotherapy, and further studies are needed. Radiation responses may be associated with circadian genes, through the influence of cell cycles and apoptosis.

Development and validation of a risk prediction model for breast cancer-related lymphedema in postoperative patients with breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) is a common post-operative complication in patients with breast cancer. Here, we sought to develop and validate a predictive model of BCRL in Chinese patients with breast cancer. METHODS: Clinical and demographic data on patients with breast cancer were collected between 2016 and 2021 at a Cancer Hospital in China. A nomogram for predicting the risk of lymphedema in postoperative patients with breast cancer was constructed and verified using R 3.5.2 software. Model performance was evaluated using area under the ROC curve (AUC) and goodness-of-fit statistics, and the model was internally validated. RESULTS: A total of 1732 postoperative patients with breast cancer, comprising 1212 and 520 patients in the development and validation groups, respectively, were included. Of these 438 (25.39%) developed lymphedema. Significant predictors identified in the predictive model were time since breast cancer surgery, level of lymph node dissection, number of lymph nodes dissected, radiotherapy, and postoperative body mass index. At the 31.9% optimal cut-off the model had AUC values of 0.728 and 0.710 in the development and validation groups, respectively. Calibration plots showed a good match between predicted and observed rates. In decision curve analysis, the net benefit of the model was better between threshold probabilities of 10%-80%. CONCLUSION: The model has good discrimination and accuracy for lymphedema risk assessment, which can provide a reference for individualized clinical prediction of the risk of BCRL. Multicenter prospective trials are required to verify the predictive value of the model.

The effect of chronoradiotherapy on cervical cancer patients: A multicenter randomized controlled study.

Objectives: To investigate the short-term efficacy and radiotoxicity 3.543of chronoradiotherapy in patients with cervical cancer. We also examined the overall symptom score and quality of life (QOL) of patients who underwent morning radiotherapy and evening radiotherapy. Methods: We conducted a multicenter randomized controlled trial to compare the effects of morning radiotherapy (9:00-11:00 AM) with evening radiotherapy (7:00-9:00 PM) in cervical cancer patients receiving radiotherapy. From November 2021 to June 2022, 114 cervical cancer patients admitted to eight cancer center hospitals in Tianjin, Chongqing, Hubei, Shanxi, Shandong, Shaanxi, Hebei, and Cangzhou were randomly divided into the morning radiotherapy group (MG; N = 61) and the evening radiotherapy group (EG; N = 53). The short-term efficacy of radiotherapy on cervical cancer patients at different time points and the occurrence of radiotoxicity were explored after patients had undergone radiotherapy. Results: The total effective response (partial remission [PR] + complete remission [CR]) rate was similar across the two groups (93.5% vs. 96.3%, p > 0.05). However, the incidence of bone marrow suppression and intestinal reaction in the two groups were significantly different (p < 0.05). The patients in the MG had significantly higher Anderson symptom scores than patients in the EG (21.64 ± 7.916 vs. 18.53 ± 4.098, p < 0.05). In terms of physical activity, functional status, and overall QOL, the MG had significantly lower scores than the EG (p < 0.05). No other measures showed a significant difference between the groups. Conclusion: The radiotherapy effect of the MG was consistent with that of the EG. The incidence of radiation enteritis and radiation diarrhea in the MG was significantly higher than that in the EG; however, bone marrow suppression and blood toxicity in the EG were more serious than in the MG. Because of the small sample size of the study, we only examined the short-term efficacy of radiotherapy. Therefore, further clinical trials are needed to verify the efficacy and side effects of chronoradiotherapy. Clinical Trial Registration: http://www.chictr.org.cn/searchproj.aspx, Registration Number: ChiCTR2100047140.

Development and validation of a risk assessment nomogram for venous thromboembolism associated with hospitalized postoperative Chinese breast cancer patients.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an individualized nomogram to predict venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk in hospitalized postoperative breast cancer patients. DESIGN: A single-central retrospective and non-interventional trial. METHODS: For model development, we used data from 4,755 breast cancer patients between 1 November 2016-30 June 2018 (3,310 patients in the development group and 1,445 in the validation group). Overall, 216 patients developed VTE (150 in development group and 66 in validation group). The model was validated by receiver operating characteristic curves and the calibration plot. The clinical utility of the model was determined through decision curve analysis. RESULTS: The individualized nomogram consisted of six clinical factors: age, body mass index, number of cardiovascular comorbidities, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgical treatment, hospital length of stay and two pre-operative biomarkers of Homocysteine and D-dimer. The model at the 3.9% optimal cut-off had the area under the curve of 0.854 (95% CI, 0.824-0.884) and 0.805 (95% CI, 0.740-0.870) in the development and validation groups. A p = 0.570 of the calibration test showed that the model was well-calibrated. The net benefit of the model was better between threshold probabilities of 5%-30% in decision curve analysis. CONCLUSION: The nomogram of VTE risk assessment, is applicable to hospitalized postoperative breast cancer patients. However, multi-central prospective studies are needed to improve and validate the model. Effectiveness and safety of thromboprophylaxis in high-risk patients are needed to demonstrate in interventional trials. IMPACT: This nomogram can be used in clinical to inform practice of physicians and nurses to predict the VTE probability and maybe direct personalized decision making for thromboprophylaxis in hospitalized postoperative breast cancer patients.

Music interventions for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is the most common and severe side effects brought by chemotherapeutics. The role of music interventions in relieving CINV is uncertain. The aim of this systematic review was to test the effects of music interventions on three categories of CINV. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang, and Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM) in order to capture randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the comparative efficacy of music interventions and others. Two investigators screened, sorted, and extracted the data, and appraised the risk of bias. All statistical analyses were performed using RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS: The literature search yielded 608 studies of which only ten RCTs fulfilled the eligibility criteria with 632 patients retrieved. Although the duration, the frequency of interventions, and the type of selected music varied across studies, commonly used elements included music listening. Results showed that music interventions were associated with reducing the incidence of anticipatory CINV and lowering the severity of delayed vomiting (MD = - 0.65, 95% CI = - 1.08 to - 0.23). However, strongly controversial results existed in terms of reducing the incidence of acute and delayed CINV, the severity of acute CINV, the severity of delayed nausea, and improving patients' quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Music interventions may effectively reduce the incidence of anticipatory CINV and relieve the severity of delayed vomiting in patients with chemotherapy based on limited data. However, the conclusion should be interpreted with caution and further research is required to design with large-scale and rigorous methods.

Development of death education training content for adult cancer patients: A mixed methods study.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this mixed methods study was to develop science-based content for a systematic death education training system based on the needs of adult cancer patients. The study contained two parts: survey development and Delphi survey. First, a small sample test was conducted to check the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. Next, this questionnaire was applied to investigate adult cancer patients' needs for death education. Then, we invited experts in the fields of nursing management, clinical medicine, clinical nursing and psychological care to carry out two rounds of Delphi consultations to revise the training content. BACKGROUND: Death education is often combined with hospice care, which is based on a clear 6-month survival period. However, the survival of adult cancer patients has improved with improved cancer diagnoses and treatments, and death education should be initiated before the dying stage. At the same time, patients' needs for medical information become increasingly important in daily clinical practice. Therefore, a death education programme based on adult cancer patients' needs was developed to help these patients reflect on the meanings of life and death. DESIGN: A mixed methods study. METHODS: During the survey development period (from April 2017-September 2017), a small sample test (n = 150) was conducted to verify the reliability and validity of the questionnaire on death education needs of adult cancer patients. This questionnaire was developed based on a literature review and discussion among the study group. Next, 324 adults with cancer, recruited from a three-level cancer hospital in Tianjin, China, were surveyed to analyse their needs for death education, using the questionnaire that had been tested in the pretest period. Finally, a Delphi survey was conducted from October 2017-January 2018. A panel of experts (n = 23) recruited from major hospitals, nursing schools and universities in China in the fields of clinical nursing, nursing management, clinical medicine and psychological care took part in the study to revise the training contents based on the investigation results. RESULTS: The reliability and validity of results based on the small sample test revealed that the Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the half-degree of reliability of the questionnaire were 0.924 and 0.951, respectively. This demonstrated that the questionnaire had high reliability. The KMO was 0.756 and the Bartlett Test of Sphericity showed p < 0.001, indicating that the factor analysis was justified in the sample. Eight components with eigenvalues greater than one were retained by the factor analysis. The investigation of the patients' needs for death education showed that the overall score of patients' needs was 3.60 ± 0.709 points (needs were measured on a scale from 1-5, where 5 indicates high needs), and there were high demands for education regarding "cancer patient life reviews," "death-related ethical issues" and "to leave peacefully." Data from expert panel members were collected in two rounds over a 4-month period, and consensus was achieved in the second Delphi round. The final death education contents of adult cancer patients contained four sections: cancer, death, psychology and practice. These were divided into 54 teaching topics to be included in 14 courses. CONCLUSIONS: The adult cancer patient death education training content devised in this study is science-based, practical and can be used as a guide for clinical nurses to provide high-quality care to adult cancer patients. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Nurses could become more involved in providing death education to adult cancer patients and their families. Further research is needed to explore the applicability of the training content and to develop the content according to changing times and patients' needs.

Israeli and Chinese partners of women with breast cancer: a cross-cultural view of marital issues.

OBJECTIVE: Cultural nuances may influence the interface between the cancer experience and marital issues, specifically for the partner. Most of the literature has focused on the woman's narrative or couple's adjustment to cancer in general. The purpose of this study was to describe and compare the marital relationship, sexuality, and marital adjustment of Israeli and Chinese husbands of women with breast cancer and the discussion of the health-care team concerning these issues. METHODS: A convenience sample of 50 Chinese and 50 Israeli men, ages of 28-79 years, completed components of the Psychological Adjustment to Illness Scale, the Locke Wallace Adjustment Scale, and a background questionnaire. RESULTS: The majority of husbands were in their first marriage. The average time since diagnosis was 16.7 months. No significant difference was found between the two groups on issues of marital relationship. Significant differences were found between Israeli and Chinese husbands on sexual interest, pleasure, and performance (p<0.05). Israeli husbands reported a significantly higher level of marital adjustment as opposed to the Chinese husbands (p = 0.006). Marital adjustment for both groups was significantly related only to perceived quality of the relationship (p<0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Significant cultural differences were found in sexuality variables with no differences discerned on marital relationship variables. Couple-based interventions for marital issues are a critical component of support for both partners. Culturally sensitive assessment and care of the spouse as well as the woman with breast cancer should be part of a holistic, comprehensive family care plan.