[Clinical diagnosis and treatment analysis of 21 cases of intrathyroid thymic carcinoma].

Objective: To analyze the clinical efficacy of intrathyroid thymic carcinoma (ITTC). Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 21 patients with ITTC diagnosed and treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2018 to July 2023, including 9 males and 12 females, with a median age of 52 years (40-60 years old). Results: There is a correlation between the maximum diameter of the tumor (≥40 mm) and lymph node metastasis (P=0.044). Seventeen patients received surgical treatment, and 4 patients only received chemotherapy. During the follow-up period, a total of 4 patients experienced death or progression, with a 2-year mortality or progression free survival rate of 74.8%. Conclusions: The prognosis of ITTC is good, and surgical treatment is the preferred treatment option, lymph node metastasis is significantly correlated with prognosis. The radiotherapy and chemotherapy of ITTC need to be determined based on the patient's condition.

Nutmeg Intoxication: A Case Report.

Nutmeg intoxication is an uncommon precipitant of hyperactive delirium with severe agitation (HDSA) with anticholinergic properties that require a high index of suspicion for diagnosis. We present a case of a young adult who presented to the emergency department (ED) with HDSA. The patient was intubated and transferred to the medical intensive care unit (MICU) due to increasing safety threats unresponsive to multimodal de-escalation. He ultimately self-extubated, reported excessive nutmeg ingestion, and was discharged home after a short period of observation. Improved detection and streamlined management pathways for nutmeg intoxication will minimize unnecessary invasive procedures and costs to the healthcare system.

[Development and validation of risk prediction model for new-onset cardiovascular diseases among breast cancer patients: Based on regional medical data of Inner Mongolia].

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a three-year risk prediction model for new-onset cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among female patients with breast cancer. METHODS: Based on the data from Inner Mongolia Regional Healthcare Information Platform, female breast cancer patients over 18 years old who had received anti-tumor treatments were included. The candidate predictors were selected by Lasso regression after being included according to the results of the multivariate Fine & Gray model. Cox proportional hazard model, Logistic regression model, Fine & Gray model, random forest model, and XGBoost model were trained on the training set, and the model performance was evaluated on the testing set. The discrimination was evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC), and the calibration was evaluated by the calibration curve. RESULTS: A total of 19 325 breast cancer patients were identified, with an average age of (52.76±10.44) years. The median follow-up was 1.18 [interquartile range (IQR): 2.71] years. In the study, 7 856 patients (40.65%) developed CVD within 3 years after the diagnosis of breast cancer. The final selected variables included age at diagnosis of breast cancer, gross domestic product (GDP) of residence, tumor stage, history of hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease, type of surgery, type of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In terms of model discrimination, when not considering survival time, the AUC of the XGBoost model was significantly higher than that of the random forest model [0.660 (95%CI: 0.644-0.675) vs. 0.608 (95%CI: 0.591-0.624), P < 0.001] and Logistic regression model [0.609 (95%CI: 0.593-0.625), P < 0.001]. The Logistic regression model and the XGBoost model showed better calibration. When considering survival time, Cox proportional hazard model and Fine & Gray model showed no significant difference for AUC [0.600 (95%CI: 0.584-0.616) vs. 0.615 (95%CI: 0.599-0.631), P=0.188], but Fine & Gray model showed better calibration. CONCLUSION: It is feasible to develop a risk prediction model for new-onset CVD of breast cancer based on regional medical data in China. When not considering survival time, the XGBoost model and the Logistic regression model both showed better performance; Fine & Gray model showed better performance in consideration of survival time.

[Screening for occult cancer in patients with unprovoked venous thromboembolism].

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is the third most common cardiovascular disease. Unprovoked VTE can be the initial presentation of occult cancer. Up to 10% of patients with unprovoked VTE are diagnosed with cancer within a year. Cancer screening in patients with unprovoked VTE is beneficial for early cancer diagnosis and treatment, which may theoretically reduce cancer-related morbidity and mortality. The epidemiology of occult cancer in patients with unprovoked VTE, screening strategies originated from evidence-based medicine, risk factors of cancer and different models of risk assessment are reviewed in this article.

[A cross-sectional survey and analysis of influencing factors of humanistic of the current status of humanistic care ability of burn specialist nurses].

Objective: To investigate the current status of humanistic care ability of burn specialist nurses and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods: A single-center cross-sectional research method was conducted. From May to August 2020, 63 burn specialist nurses who met the inclusion criteria in Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were selected. Self-made general data questionnaire was used to investigate 17 indexes, including gender, age, professional title, working years, whether received humanistic care training, academic qualification, and caring ability inventory (CAI) was used to evaluate their humanistic care ability. After the nurses were classified by the general data, independent sample t test and one-way analysis of variance were performed on the data to analyze the total score of CAI. The CAI total scores and scores of cognition, courage, and patience of the nurses were compared with the international norm. The factors with statistically significant differences in unvariate analysis were selected for multiple linear regression analysis to screen the independent influencing factors of humanistic care ability of burn specialist nurses. Results: A total of 63 questionnaires were collected in this survey, all of which were valid. Among the 63 nurses, there were 4 males and 59 females, with the age mainly ranging from 20 to 30 years (30 nurses, 47.62%), the professional titles mainly being nurse practitioner (36 nurses, 57.14%), the working years mainly being more than 10 years (28 nurses, 44.44%), 32 nurses not receiving humanistic care training, and academic qualifications mostly being junior college (37 nurses, 58.73%). There were significant differences in the total scores of CAI among nurses with different ages, professional titles, working years, whether received humanistic care training, and academic qualifications (with F values of 53.95, 49.14, and 75.42, t values of 6.08 and -2.82, respectively, P<0.01). The scores of cognition, courage, and patience and the total scores of CAI of nurses in this group were significantly lower than those of international norm (with t values of -2.02, -2.04, -6.19, and -3.89, respectively, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age, working years, professional title, and whether received humanistic care training were the independent influencing factors of humanistic care ability of burn specialist nurses (with 95% confidence intervals of 1.91-23.23, 16.25-31.48, 1.05-19.09, and 6.72-31.82, unstandardized coefficient values of 12.57, 23.86, 10.07, and 19.27, respectively, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusions: The humanistic care ability of burn specialist nurses is relatively weak. Age, professional title, working years, and whether received humanistic care training are the independent influencing factors of humanistic care ability of burn specialist nurses.

[Retrospective study on clinical manifestation, thigh MRI and electrophysiology characteristics of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy].

Objective: To summarize the clinical, thigh magnetic resonance (tMRI) and electromyographic (EMG) characteristics in patients with immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM). Methods: A total of 32 IMNM patients who were admitted to the Department of Neurology from April 2019 to April 2021 were enrolled at the First Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital. According to the type of antibody, the patients were divided into anti-SRP antibody positive (SRP+) group, anti-HMGCR antibody positive (HMGCR+) group and seronegative (SN) group. The gender, age, course of disease, myositis antibodies, extramuscular manifestations, EMG were collected and analyzed among three groups. The characteristics of skeletal muscle were assessed by tMRI inflammatory edema and fat infiltration scores. Analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis test and Chi-square test were used to compare the differences in different clinical characteristics and tMRI scores among the three groups. When there was a statistical difference among the three groups, the comparison between the two groups was corrected by the Bonferroni method. Result: (1) Of the 32 patients, 20 were females (62.5%).The median age of onset was 47±14 years, 25 (78.1%) patients had an acute or subacute course.There were 17 (53.1%) with SRP+, 8 (25.0%) with HMGCR+, and 7 (21.9%) with MSAs (myositis specific antibodies) negative. Anti-Ro52 antibody was the most common combined antibody (12/32, 37.5%), among which 10 were in SRP+group.(2) The CK of all patients were elevated, median was 5 948 (4 229, 7 664) U/L. There was no statistical difference of MMT scores among three groups. The proximal limb score was lower than distal limb (P<0.01). The axial muscle score was lower than the distal limb score (P<0.05).(3) Extramuscular manifestations of HMGCR+ group were lower than those of the other two groups (12.5% vs. 71.4% and 76.5%, P<0.017). Rash (60.0% vs.14.3%, P<0.05) and interstitial pulmonary diseases (70.0% vs. 14.3%, P<0.05) were more common in patients with anti-SRP coexistence with anti-Ro52 than those with isolated anti-SRP. Connective tissue disease was more common in SN group (57.1% vs. 11.8% and 0, P<0.017).(4) tMRI showed fascial edema of SN group was more obvious than that of the other two groups (P<0.017). There was no statistical difference in the degree of fat infiltration and inflammatory edema among three groups, but SRP+ group had more cases of early fat infiltration.(5) Myotonic potentials (25.0% vs. 0 and 0, P<0.017) and compound repetitive discharges (CRDs) (50.0% vs. 5.9% and 0, P<0.017) were common in HMGCR+ group. Proteomic analysis found significantly different expressed proteins in skeletal muscle of patients with myotonic potentials or CRDs were associated with cytoskeleton, cell junction and extracellular matrix. Conclusion: IMNM with pure anti-SRP antibody positive and anti-HMGCR positive were mainly affected by skeletal muscles. Those who were co-positive for anti-SRP antibody and anti-Ro52 antibody had more extramuscular manifestations, which might be a special subtype of SRP+ group. This study proposed for the first time that myofascial inflammatory edema is an early sign of SN-IMNM injury. EMG of HMGCR+group were more prone to myotonia potential and CRDs.

[Analysis of the treatment effect of posterior scleral reinforcement on pathological myopia].

Pathological myopia, a blinding eye disease, is the most common cause of visual impairment in Asian countries. The most obvious features of pathological myopia are the elongation of the eye axis, the appearance of posterior scleral staphyloma, and even degenerative changes in the retina and choroid, resulting in corresponding complications and ultimately leading to marked visual impairment. Controlling the elongated eye axis is a key factor in preventing the complications of pathological myopia. Posterior scleral reinforcement is the main surgical method to delay the elongation of the eye axis and treat the posterior scleral staphyloma. Although most studies have confirmed that posterior scleral reinforcement is effective in delaying axial elongation and treating myopia, some scholars hold negative views on this surgery. This article summarizes the relevant research results of posterior scleral reinforcement surgery in the treatment of pathological myopia, concerning patients' vision, refractive power, eye axis, and corneal curvature, and discusses the effectiveness of the surgery. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57: 952-957).

Observation of rotational coherence in an excited state of CO.

The vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation is generated in the strong-field-ionized CO molecules through 2+1 resonance excitation with two-color femtosecond laser pulses. When scanning the relative delay between two pump pulses, the rotational-resolved VUV radiations show periodic oscillations lasting as long as 500 ps. Fourier analysis reveals that these oscillations correspond to rotational beat frequencies of the A2Πi state of CO+, which is the result of multi-channel interference during the resonant excitation process. High resolution of Fourier transform spectra up to 0.067cm-1 allows us to obtain the fine energy levels of the A2Πi state. The theoretical calculation is in good agreement with the experimental observation. This work reveals the rotational coherence of the ionic excited state and shows the prospect of rotational coherence spectroscopy in measuring fine structures of molecular ions.

[The study of the association between lung cancer screening and smoking behavior change].

The smoking cessation rate of 1 314 people at high risk of lung cancer in the area of lung cancer screening and early diagnosis and early treatment in Sichuan Province increased from 22.37% at baseline to 41.78% after screening (χ²=227.97, P<0.001), and the smoking amount of persistent smokers decreased from 20 cigarettes per day to 15 cigarettes per day (t=11.76, P<0.001). Those with positive results in lung cancer screening were more likely to quit smoking or continue to quit smoking. Male, younger age or lower education level would increase the risk of continuous smoking or relapse (P<0.05).

Deep small RNA-Seq reveals microRNAs expression profiles in lactating mammary gland of 2 sheep breeds with different milk performance.

Micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA) is a type of noncoding RNA, and it has been revealed to play important roles in the activity of the mammary gland (MG) in some species. However, the function of miRNAs in MG of sheep is poorly understood. In the study, Gansu Alpine Merino (GAM; n = 9) and Small-tailed Han sheep (STH; n = 9) with different milk production traits were investigated. Microstructures and the expression profile of miRNAs of MG tissues at peak lactation were studied. Mature alveolar lumens of MG in appearance were larger in STH than GAM. The expression levels of CSN2 and the content of rough endoplasmic reticulum were also higher in STH ewes than GAM ewes. A total of 124 mature miRNAs were expressed, and 18 of these were differentially expressed between the 2 breeds. The KEGG analysis results showed that the targeted genes of differentially expressed miRNAs were mainly involved in some metabolic pathways and signaling pathways related to MG development, milk protein, and fat synthesis. The findings in the study can improve our understanding of the roles of miRNAs in the development and lactation of MG in sheep.

MiR-33a inhibits the adipogenic differentiation of ovine adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction cells by targeting SIRT6.

Adipose tissue is important for the regulation of energy balance through its metabolic, cellular, and endocrine functions. Furthermore, the excessive storage of subcutaneous fat can seriously affect the health and carcass traits of domestic animals. Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cell adipogenic differentiation increases the number of differentiated adipocytes and plays a role in lipid deposition. The adipogenic differentiation of SVF cells is regulated by various factors, including microRNAs and cytokines. Sirt6 and miR-33a are known to be involved in metabolism and adipogenesis, respectively; however, their effects on the adipogenic differentiation of ovine SVF cells were previously unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate this. The results showed that SIRT6 is a binding target for miR-33a. Moreover, overexpression or inhibition of miR-33a was found to change the expression of SIRT6 messenger RNA and protein. Furthermore, modulating SIRT6 altered the expression of adipogenic marker genes. In addition, miR-33a and SIRT6 were found to play opposing roles in adipogenesis. Specifically, we demonstrated that miR-33a is involved in the negative regulation of ovine SVF cell adipogenic differentiation by inhibiting the expression of SIRT6. These findings reveal a key role for miR-33a and SIRT6 in adipogenesis, which will enrich our understanding of the regulatory factors associated with SVF cell adipogenic differentiation and provide a basis for further study on this process.

[Screening for carriers of pathogenic genes for methylmalonic acidemia and Wilson's disease in neonates in Qingdao].

Objective: To investigate the carrier frequency of pathogenic genes for methylmalonic acidemia and Wilson's disease in neonates in Qingdao. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, using computer random sampling, 5 020 neonates from the neonatal screening center in Qingdao area from June 2016 to December 2018 were selected, and 5 012 of them were included in the carrier screening study.DNA was extracted from dried blood stain specimens used in the screening of newborns. Multiplex PCR combined with next generation sequencing were used for gene detection of MMACHC gene, MUT gene and ATP7B gene. The carrying rate of hotspots of each gene were calculated, and binomial distribution method was used to calculate 95% confidence interval of pathogenic gene carrying rate. Results: A total of 5 012 neonates completed the screening for carriers of disease-causing genes, of which 5 006 neonates completed the screening of two diseases and the remaining 6 neonates completed the screening of Wilson disease only.For ATP7B gene, the carrier frequency of the 12 hot spot mutations was 1.46% (73/5 012),and the 95% confidence interval was 1.16%-1.83%. For MMACHC gene and MUT gene, carrier frequency of 18 hot spot mutations was 2.50% (125/5 006) , and the 95% confidence interval was 2.10%-2.97%, among which cblC type accounted for 87.2% and the MUT pathogenic gene accounted for 12.8%. Conclusion: The carrier frequency of methylmalonic acidemia and Wilson's disease are both high in the neonatal population in Qingdao.

[Clinical approach and prognosis of continuous neurological care after intensive care for the patients with severe and refractory anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis].

Objective: To study the clinical features, continuous care and prognosis of the patients with severe and refractory anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis after intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: Clinical data of patients with severe and refractory anti-NMDAR encephalitis, who were transferred from ICU to general ward of neurology between December 2015 and October 2019, were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed in the study. Results: Twenty patients (11 females and 9 males) were enrolled in the study. The median course of disease when patients were transferred to general ward was 4.4 (2.0, 6.0) months. Six cases were alert, 6 cases were in a coma, 5 were in the early recovery phase and 3 were in the late recovery phase. Severe malnutrition, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, bedsores and leukocytopenia were common complications. Seven out of 18 patients were tested positive for cerebrospinal fluid anti-NMDAR antibodies with high titers (≥1∶100). During this continuous therapy stage,10 patients were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), 1 with methylprednisolone, 2 with rituximab, 1 with intrathecal methotrexate and 1 received intravenous cyclophosphamide. All Patients were prescribed a long-term immunotherapy (mycophenolate mofetil 1.5-3.0 g/d). Sixteen patients (80%) had good prognosis (modified Rankin Scale (mRS)≤2), and the mortality was 10%, with follow-up time of 17.0 (8.0, 27.0) months. Conclusions: Patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis, who are transferred from ICU, have severely impaired neurologic function. These patients need long-term individualized immunotherapy and continuous neurological care. Good outcomes can be achieved in most patients.

CircRNA_0048211 protects postmenopausal osteoporosis through targeting miRNA-93-5p to regulate BMP2.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the potential influence of circular RNA (circRNA)_0048211/miRNA-93-5p/BMP2 regulatory loop in the progression of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Bone marrow samples were collected from PMOP patients (n=30) and healthy subjects (n=30) for isolating hBMSCs. Relative levels of circRNA_0048211, miRNA-93-5p, and BMP2 in hBMSCs isolated from PMOP patients and healthy controls were detected. In addition, their dynamic expressions in hBMSCs isolated from PMOP patients undergoing osteogenesis for 0, 7, 14, and 21 days were examined. Then, the interaction in the circRNA_0048211/miRNA-93-5p/BMP2 regulatory loop was verified by Dual-Luciferase reporter gene assay. Next, the potential influences of circRNA_0048211/miRNA-93-5p/BMP2 regulatory loop on osteogenesis-associated gene expressions, ALP activity, and mineralization ability were assessed. RESULTS: CircRNA_0048211 and BMP2 were downregulated, while miRNA-93-5p was upregulated in hBMSCs isolated from PMOP patients. In hBMSCs undergoing osteogenesis, circRNA_0048211, miRNA-93-5p and BMP2 were time-dependently changed. Overexpression of circRNA_0048211 upregulated RUNX2, OPN, and OCN, which also stimulated ALP activity and mineralization ability. CircRNA_0048211 could bind to miRNA-93-5p, and BMP2 was a direct target of miRNA-93-5p. In the meantime, circRNA_0048211 was negatively correlated with miRNA-93-5p, and positively correlated with BMP2. Besides, CircRNA_0048211/miRNA-93-5p/BMP2 regulatory loop was responsible for regulating osteogenesis-associated gene expressions, ALP activity, and mineralization ability in hBMSCs. CONCLUSIONS: CircRNA_0048211 negatively targets miRNA-93-5p to upregulate BMP2, thus alleviating the progression of PMOP.

Effects of stacking periodicity on the electronic and optical properties of GaAs/AlAs superlattice: a first-principles study.

The effects of stacking periodicity on the electronic and optical properties of GaAs/AlAs superlattice have been explored by density functional theory calculations. Among the (GaAs)m/(AlAs)m, (GaAs)1/(AlAs)m and (GaAs)m/(AlAs)1 (m = 1 to 5) superlattices, the band gaps of (GaAs)m/(AlAs)1 superlattices decrease significantly as the layer of GaAs increases, and the cut-off wavelengths are found to locate in the near infrared region. For (GaAs)m/(AlAs)1 SLs, the conduction bands shift toward Fermi level, resulting in the smaller band gap, while conduction bands of (GaAs)1/(AlAs)n SLs slightly shift to higher energy, which lead to comparable band gaps. The layer number of GaAs shows negligible effects on the reflectivity spectra of superlattice structures, while the absorption coefficient shows a red-shift with the increasing layer of GaAs, which is beneficial for the application of GaAs/AlAs superlattice in the field of near infrared detector. These results demonstrate that controlling the number of GaAs layers is a good method to engineer the optoelectronic properties of GaAs/AlAs superlattice.

[Hepatitis B virus X protein regulates lipid metabolism and promotes the proliferation of liver cancer cells via the C/EBPa/SREBP-1 pathway].

Objective: To investigate the role and mechanism of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-encoded X protein (HBx) on the regulation of lipid metabolism and proliferation of human hepatoma cell line HepG2. Methods: HepG2 cells were transiently transfected with HBx expressing plasmid, and the cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay. Lipid droplet accumulation condition was stained by Oil Red O. Western blot was used to detect the protein levels of lipid metabolism-related genes, such as CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), fatty acid synthetase (FASN) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC1). Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT), Oil Red O staining and western blot were used to detect the effect of HBx on the regulation of lipid metabolism and proliferation of HepG2 cells under the conditions of overexpression and low expression of C/EBPα. Results: HBx had significantly promoted the proliferation of hepatoma cell line HepG2 in dose-and time-dependent manner (F = 32.82, P < 0.001; F = 58.21, P < 0.001). HBx had significantly promoted the lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells (F = 22.65, P < 0.001). Additionally, the protein levels of C/EBPα and SREBP-1 (key regulatory factors of lipid metabolism), and the rate-limiting enzymes FASN and ACC1 were significantly increased. C/EBPα overexpression had further strengthened the effect of HBx on HepG2 cell proliferation, lipid droplet accumulation, and lipid production-related gene expression. On the contrary, C/EBPα low expression had weakened HBx's promotional effect on cell proliferation, lipid droplet accumulation and lipid production-related gene expression. Conclusion: HBx may affect the lipid production and promote the proliferation of human hepatoma cell line HepG2 via the C/EBPa/SREBP-1 signaling pathway.

[Analysis of the level of the core knowledge and related factors of cancer prevention and treatment in the upper gastrointestinal cancer screening area of Sichuan Province in 2018].

Objective: To investigate the level of the core knowledge and related factors of cancer prevention and treatment among residents in the upper gastrointestinal cancer screening areas of Sichuan Province in 2018. Methods: From April to May 2018, a total of 1 386 residents from Chaotian District of Guangyuan, Enyang District of Bazhong, Nanjiang County of Bazhong, Cangxi County of Guangyuan, Shehong County of Suining, Yilong County of Nanchong, Xichong County of Nanchong and Xuanhan County of Dazhou were recruited in this study. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect basic demographic characteristics and the knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment. The level of the core knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment of different population was analyzed. A multivariate linear regression model was performed to analyze the related factors. Results: In total, 80.9% (1 120) of all subjects was 25-64 years old and 48.0% (665) were male. The total number of questions answered by the subjects was 18 018, of which 12 147 were known, and the overall awareness rate among the respondents was 67.42%. The female respondents, respondentsaged 65 years old and over, with junior college education or above, and worked in government institutions had a good performance of the core knowledge (P<0.05), about 70.11% (6 571/9 373), 69.23% (387/559), 76.05% (6 327/8 320), and 77.09% (5 602/7 267) respectively. The results of multivariate linear regression showed that the older the age [ß=0.871 (95%CI: 0.623-1.119)], the higher the educational level [ß=0.741 (95%CI: 0.540-0.943)], the more questions respondents could know; compared with the workers in government organization and institution, workers in enterprise [ß=-2.913 (95%CI:-3.499--2.327)], farming workers [ß=-0.635 (95%CI:-1.175--0.095)] and other occupation people [ß=-1.126 (95%CI:-1.663--0.589)] could know fewer questions. Conclusion: In 2018, the level of the core knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment among residents in upper gastrointestinal cancer screening areas of Sichuan Province was relatively high. Age, education level and occupation were relevant factors.

[Effect of overexpression of apoptosis-stimulating protein 2 of p53 on activation and apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells induced by transforming growth factor-ß1 and its mechanism].

Objective: To study the effect of apoptosis-stimulating protein 2 of p53 (ASPP2) on the activation and apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells induced by transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF - ß1), and to explore the role of autophagy in this process. Methods: Mouse hepatic stellate cells were primarily isolated and cultured with green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressing empty vector adenovirus (Ad-GFP) and ASPP2 expressing adenovirus (Ad-ASPP2) for 12 h by transfection kit, and then treated with TGF-ß1 (10ng/ml) for 24 h. The experiments were grouped as follows: control group: green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressing empty vector adeno (Ad-GFP); experimental group 1: transfected with Ad-GFP and added with TGF-ß1; experimental group 2: transfected with Ad-ASPP2 and induced by TGF-ß1. Western blot and quantitative fluorescence PCR were used to detect the expression of ASPP2, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA). At the same time, autophagy was determined by microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-ß (LC3). Autophagy and apoptosis of MHSc were observed by immunocytochemistry and RNA interference (RNAi). Multiple pairwise-comparisons between the mean of groups was performed by one-way ANOVA. Results: The relative expression of α-SMA mRNA in mHSC of TGF-ß1 + Ad-GFP group (16.83 ± 2.41) was significantly higher than Ad-GFP group (3.62 ± 0.56) (P < 0.05), while the relative expression of α-SMA mRNA (4.22 ± 0.48) in TGF-ß1 + Ad-GFP group was significantly lower than TGF-ß1 + Ad-GFP group (P < 0.05). The expression of α-SMA protein in each group was consistent with mRNA expression. The proportion of mHSC autophagy in TGF-ß1 + Ad-GFP group (80%) was significantly higher than Ad-GFP group (35%); however, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. The proportion of mHSC autophagy in TGF-ß1 + Ad-ASPP2 group was 42%, which was significantly lower than TGF-ß1 + Ad-GFP group, but the apoptotic rate was significantly increased. Cells were simultaneously treated with autophagy inhibitors 3-MA and TGF-ß1. The level of autophagy was not statistically significantly different from that of TGF-ß1 + Ad-ASPP2 group, but the apoptotic rate was increased. In addition, the RNAi group added with ASPP2 had increased autophagy (LC3-II/LC3-I) than control RNAi group, and the rate of apoptosis was significantly decreased. Conclusion: Overexpression of ASPP2 can alleviate the activation of mHSC and promote the apoptosis of HSC by inhibiting autophagy, so as to alleviate liver fibrosis.