RESUMO
In this study, a method utilizing PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of a mitochondrial gene was developed for the identification of chicken (Gallus gallus), quail (Coturnix coturnix), and common pigeon (Columba livia) meat. PCR products of ~440 bp were obtained from the 12S rRNA gene of these three birds using a pair of universal primers. The three terrestrial birds can be distinguished using one restriction endonuclease, Alu I, which was selected based on species-specific variations in the mt 12S rRNA gene sequence using 9 newly-obtained and 44 published chicken, quail and pigeon sequences. This method was also successfully used to identify commercial quail and pigeon meat products, which were found to be adulterated with chicken meat. Additionally, our method had relatively high sensitivity for detecting a meat mixture. Ten percent of chicken meat in the mixed quail and pigeon sample was detectable. This assay can be useful for the accurate identification of meats from terrestrial birds, avoiding mislabeling or fraudulent species substitution in meat products.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição/genética , Galinhas/genética , Coturnix/genética , Columbidae/genética , Carne/classificação , Genes Mitocondriais , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
In this study, a method utilizing PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of a mitochondrial gene was developed for the identification of chicken (Gallus gallus), quail (Coturnix coturnix), and common pigeon (Columba livia) meat. PCR products of ~440 bp were obtained from the 12S rRNA gene of these three birds using a pair of universal primers. The three terrestrial birds can be distinguished using one restriction endonuclease, Alu I, which was selected based on species-specific variations in the mt 12S rRNA gene sequence using 9 newly-obtained and 44 published chicken, quail and pigeon sequences. This method was also successfully used to identify commercial quail and pigeon meat products, which were found to be adulterated with chicken meat. Additionally, our method had relatively high sensitivity for detecting a meat mixture. Ten percent of chicken meat in the mixed quail and pigeon sample was detectable. This assay can be useful for the accurate identification of meats from terrestrial birds, avoiding mislabeling or fraudulent species substitution in meat products.
Assuntos
Animais , Carne/classificação , Columbidae/genética , Coturnix/genética , Galinhas/genética , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Especificidade da Espécie , Genes Mitocondriais , Regiões Promotoras GenéticasRESUMO
The endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) enzyme is expressed during the early stages of cardiogenesis and plays an important role in normal heart development. Genetic variations of eNOS G894T have been shown to influence individual susceptibility to some phenotypes of congenital heart disease (CHD) in different populations. We conducted a case-control study comprised of 945 CHD patients and 972 non-CHD individuals in a Chinese population. Two functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (T-786C: rs2070744 and G894T: rs1799983) and one tagging SNP (rs7830) were evaluated in our study, and we assessed their association with the risk of CHD. Compared with the rs7830 CC/AC genotypes, the eNOS rs7830 AA genotype showed a significantly increased risk of CHD (adjusted odds radio (OR) = 1.45, 95% confidence interval (CI = 1.13-1.85). A stratified analysis was performed and showed that the association between the rs7830 AA genotype and CHD risk was stronger in patients with perimembranous ventricular septal defects (adjusted OR = 1.62, 95%CI = 1.20-2.20). Our results suggest that the eNOS rs7830 polymorphism may contribute to the susceptibility of sporadic CHD in a Chinese population.