The relevance of EZH2 polymorphism to breast cancer risk in Chinese females: results from a multicenter case-control study / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) of Zeste homolog enhancer 2 (EZH2) gene and the risk of breast cancer.Methods:Recruiting 1 039 breast cancer patients and 1 040 controls at 22 referral hospitals nationwide in China, the genotype distribution of 3 SNPs loci of EZH2 genes was observed to detect the correlation between different genotypes and the risk of breast cancer genotypes EZH2 expression in breast cancer tissues and its correlation with patient prognosis were analyzed using breast cancer data from the database.Results:EZH2 rs6464926 CC genotype was compared with TT genotype (TT vs. CC: OR=1.362, 95% CI: 1.063-1.746, P=0.015) and dominant model (TC+TT vs .CC: OR=1.22, 95% CI: 1.004-1.483, P=0.045) .In women with BMI ≥24 kg/m 2, the TC genotype ( P=0.050), TT genotype ( P=0.025) and dominant model (TC+TT, P=0.021) of rs6464926 locus were significantly different from CC genotype in cancer risk. rs6464926 was correlated with EZH2 gene expression ( P=6.89E-47). EZH2 gene is highly expressed in breast cancer tissues, and patients with high expression were associated with shorter OS ( HR=1.27, P=0.013), DMFS ( HR=1.37, P<0.01), and RFS ( HR=1.44, P<0.01). Conclusions:The polymorphism rs6464926 of EZH2 gene is associated with breast cancer susceptibility in Chinese women. rs6464926 might regulate breast cancer risk and prognosis by changing EZH2 expression.

Clinicopathological characteristics and risk factors of female breast hyperplasia in different age groups / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective To analyze clinicopathological characteristics and the potential risk-related factors of female breast hyperplasia in different age groups.Method From Jan 2015 to Dec 2016,patients diagnosed with breast hyperplasia in 12 hospitals were evaluated.All patients completed the self-designed questionnaires on women'health,including basic demographic information,clinic examination information,radiologic information and pathologic results.The patients were divided into a young group (＜ 45 years old) and an elderly group (from 45 to 75 years old).Results There were 3 684 cases of breast hyperplasia,including 2 291 cases in young group and 1 393 cases in elder group,respectively Clinically breast pain type were most commonly observed in both young and older groups (50.3％ vs.42.7％,P ＜ 0.001).While pathological research based on biopsy showed that breast adenopathy were the most common changes in both groups (67.9％ vs.61.7％,P ＜0.001).More breast cancer cases were identified in elder group than that in young group,especially in clinically lump type patients (9.4％ vs.4.2％,P ＜ 0.001).Compared with elder group,patients in young group have different distribution characteristics regarding to fertility factors,lifestyle factors and psychology scale including anxiety and depression.Conclusion Distributions of clinicopathological characteristics and risk factors of female breast hyperplasia differ across different age groups.

Carvedilol suppresses migration and invasion of malignant breast cells by inactivating Src involving cAMP/PKA and PKCδ signaling pathway.

CONTEXT: Carvedilol (CAR) can inhibit cell growth and induce cell apoptosis in breast cancer in vitro. But it is still not known whether CAR affects the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. AIMS: To investigate the effects of CAR on migration and invasion of breast cancer cells and its corresponding signal pathways. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Firstly, the invasive potential of breast cancer cells were investigated after incubation with CAR and/or norepinephrine (NE). If the invasive potential of breast cancer cells were inhibited by CAR, then the signal pathways related to migration and invasion were detected, such as Src, cyclic adenosine monohposphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA), etc. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Membrane invasion culture system (MICS) chamber was used to measure the invasive and migratory potential of breast cancer cells. Western blot analysis and small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection experiment were employed to determine the signal pathway adopted by CAR in suppressing migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. cAMP-Glo and PKCδ kinase activity assay kit were used to measure cAMP and PKCδ activity, respectively, according to the manufacturer's instructions. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Statistical differences between the mean values of control and experimental groups were determined using two-tailed, unpaired Student's t-tests. RESULTS: CAR significantly decreased the potential of migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. CAR inhibited Src activation in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells through blocking beta or alpha adrenergic receptor (ADR), respectively. Furthermore, CAR suppressed the Src activation through different signaling pathways. Under treatment of CAR, cAMP/PKA-Src pathway was inhibited in MDA-MB-231 cells; but in MCF-7 cells, CAR mainly inhibited the PKCδ-Src pathway. CONCLUSIONS: CAR was an anti-metastatic agent, which targets Src involving cAMP/PKA or PKCδ pathway in malignant breast cells.

Establishment of novel rat models for premalignant breast disease / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Breast cancer has become one of the most common malignant tumors among females over the past several years. Breast carcinogenesis is a continuous process, which is featured by the normal epithelium progressing to premalignant lesions and then to invasive breast cancer (IBC). Targeting premalignant lesions is an effective strategy to prevent breast cancer. The establishment of animal models is critical to study the mechanisms of breast carcinogenesis, which will facilitate research on breast cancer prevention and drug behaviors. In this study, we established a feasible chemically-induced rat model of premalignant breast cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Following the administration of the drugs (carcinogen, estrogen, and progestogen) to Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, tumors or suspicious tumors were identified by palpation or ultrasound imaging, and were surgically excised for pathological evaluation. A series of four consecutive steps were carried out in order to determine the carcinogen: 7,12-dimethylbenzaanthracene (DMBA) or 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea, the route of carcinogen administration, the administration period of estrogen and progestogen, and the DMBA dosage.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Stable premalignant lesions can be induced in SD rats on administration of DMBA (15 mg/kg, administered three times) followed by administration of female hormones 5-day cycle.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>were confirmed by ultrasound and palpation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Under the premise of drug dose and cycle, DMBA combined with estrogen and progestogen can be used as a SD rat model for breast premalignant lesions.</p>

The effect of 6 cycles ET neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen on breast cancer and its influencing factors / 中华普通外科杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the influencing factors in neoadjuvant chemotherapy on pathological complete response (pCR),by analyzing the effect of 6 cycles epirubicine combined with docetaxel(ET) regimen in breast cancer patients. MethodsFrom June 2009 to September 2011,clinical date of 52 Ⅱ,Ⅲ stage breast cancer patients treated with ET regimen for neoadjuvant chemotherapy for 6 cycles were retrospectively analyzed.The curative effect was evaluated by palpation and ultrasonography,and finally compared with postoperative pathological results. ResultsIn these 52 patients,the total pCR rate was 42.3％ after 6 cycles chemotherapy.After the first circle of chemotherapy,pCR rate was higher in patients with tumor size reducing ＞ 30％ than those ＜ 30％ as measured by ultrasonography(60.9％ vs.27.6％,P ＜0.05 ).Higher pCR rate was obtained in patients with tumor size ≤3 cm than those in which the initial tumor size ＞ 3 cm(52.9％ vs.22.2％,P ＜0.05) after 6 cycles ET neoadjuvant chemotherapy.PCR rate was higher in patients with positive HER-2 or triple negative breast cancer after 6 cycles than those with luminal type 1breast cancer ( 77.8％,75.0％ and 25.7％,respectively,P ＜ 0.05 ).Logistic regression analysis showed that tumor size and its early response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy evaluated by ultrasonography were the significant predictive factors. ConclusionsHigher pCR rate can be achieved after 6 cycles ET regimen neoadjuvant chemotherapy in stage ]Ⅱ,Ⅲ breast cancer patients.Tumor's early response to chemotherapy as evaluated by ultrasonography could forecast the pCR.Tumor size and molecular type are important influencing factors on pCR in breast cancer patients.

A study on the thethymidylate synthase gene polymorphisms and its relationship with clinical characteristics in breast cancer / 中华普通外科杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the distribution of thethymidylate synthase (TS) gene polymorphisms inChinese femaleHan-nationality breast cancer patients,including tandemrepeat polymorphisms in the enhancer region ( ER), 6 bp deletion/insertion (del6/ins6) polymorphism in the 3′untranslated region (3′-UTR) and G→C single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). The association of TS gene polymorphism with pathological results was retrospectively analyzed.MethodsThis study included 83 breast cancer patients who received no preoperative chemotherapy. The polymorphisms of TS, ER and TS 3′2UTR were determined by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method.Results ( 1 ) Of the 83 patients, the frequencies of the TSER 3R/3 R, 2R/3 R and 2R/2R were 68.7％ ,27. 7％ and 3. 6％, respectively; (2) Due to existence of the G→C single nucleotide polymorphism,TSER genotypes were divided into 2R/2R, 2R/3C, 2R/3G, 3G/3G,3C/3C and 3G/3C,their frequencies were 3. 6％, 19. 3％, 8.4％, 19. 3％, 37. 3％ and 12. 1％, respectively; ( 3 ) Of the 83 patients, the frequencies of the TS 3′-UTR ins6/ias6、ins6/del6 and del6/del6 were 8.4％ 、50.6％ and 41.0％, respectively; (4) TSER polymorphisms were correlated with lymph node metastasis ( P = 0.019 ),Ki67 ( P = 0.022 ) and histological grade ( P = 0.042 ). The TS 3′-UTR polymorphisms were correlated with age ( P = 0.002) and histological grade (P = 0.042). G→C SNP were correlated with lymph node metastasis ( P = 0.021 ) and histological grade ( P = 0.028 ).ConclusionsChinese female Han-nationality breast cancer patients have more genotypes frequencies of the TSER 3R/3R and 3′-UTR del6/del6; The TS polymorphisms are correlated with pathological factors of breast cancer.

Surgical management of liver carcinoma accompanied by portal hypertension:report of 26 cases / 中国现代普通外科进展

Obiective:To evaluate the effects of various surgical procedures on liver carcinoma accompanied by portal hypertension.Methods:Combined surgical procedures which were performed in 26 patients with liver carcinoma accompanied by portal hypertension in our department between Aug,2002 and Aug,2008 were analysed retrospectively.Results:There was no operative mortality.The postoperative complications developed in 50%(13/26) patients.The postoperative survival rates of 1,2 and 3 years were 84.6%(22/26),57.7%(15/26),34.6%(9/26),respectively.Postoperative upper digestive tract hemorrhage developed in 10 cases.Fifteen patients died during follow-up period,of whom 7 cases died of recurrence of liver carcinoma,2 cases died of liver failure,6 cases died of upper digestive tract hemorrhage.Conclusion:The survival time can be prolonged and the postoperative complications can be reduced through perioperative cares and prudent selection of surgical procedures in patients suffering from concurrent liver cancer and portal hypertension.Combined operation is safe and feasible.

Expression of chemokine receptor CCR7 and CXCR4 in human colorectal carcinoma and its significance / 中国现代普通外科进展

Objective:To observe the expression of chemokine receptor CCR7 and CXCR4 in human colorectal carcinoma and its significance,so as to assess their expression with the metastasis and prognosis of colorectal carcinoma. Methods:Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of chemokine receptor CCR7 and CXCR4 in 110 patients with colon cancer.The relationship between the CCR7 and CXCR4 expression and the clinic pathological characters was statistically analyzed. Results:CCR7 and CXCR4 expression were positively expressed in 59.1% and 45.5%of the patients. The high expression rate of CCR7 and CXCR4 in lymph node metastasis positive cases was 81. 5% and 60.0% respectively,but the without lymph node metastasis positive cases were 26.7% and 24.4% respectively. The positive expression was significantely higher in the patients with lymph node metastasis than those non-lymph node metastasis(P

Relationshinp between the expression of CXCR4 and VEGF-C with lymph node metastasis in human rectal cancer / 中国现代普通外科进展

Objective: To explore the relationship between the expressions of chemokine receptor CXCR4 and vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C ) with lymph node metastasis in human rectal cancer. Methods: Immuohistochemical staining was used to detect the expressions of CXCR4 and VEGF-C in 73 samples of human rectal cancer. The relationship between CXCR4 and VEGF-C in 73 samples of human rectal cancer. The relationship between CXCR4 and VEGF-C expressions was analyzed. Results: The positive rate of CXCR4 expression with lymph node metastasis was higher than that without lymph node metastasis (60.1% vs 23.3%,P

Clinical research of the effects of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on cardiovascular function in geriatric cholelithiasis / 中国现代普通外科进展

Objective: To explore the effect of CO 2 pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic surgery on the cardiovascular function of the geriatric cholelithiasis.Methods:Sixty aged patients undergone laparoscopic surgery were selected.During various stage of CO 2 insufflation,the heart rate(HR),blood pressure,oxygen saturation ,electrocardiogram(ECG),and myocardial enzymes were dected,and the clinical values of these changes were analyzed.Results: when CO 2 pneumoperitoneum established ,the HR and blood pressure were increased obviously .The incidence of arrhythmia was 36% and the incidence of changes of ST segment was 30%,10 minutes after pneumoperitoneum eliminated,these changes were restored. The myocardial enzymes and the oxygon saturation of blood had no distinct changes. Conclusion: The procedure of CO 2 pneumoperitoneum caused temporany changes of the HR ,SBP/DSP and ECG.The laparoscopic surgery is effective and safe for geriatric cholelithiasis.It suggests that the dynamic monitoring of electrocardiogram is necessary,especially for those with abnormal heart function.

Non pressed dressing and double tubes drainage in radical mastectomy for breast cancer / 中国普通外科杂志

Objective To investigate the method of decreasing the complication of subcutaneous liquid collection after radical breast cancer(BC) operation. Methods The clinical data of 72 patients treated with BC after radical mastectomy from April,1997 to June,1999 were analyzed retrospectively. Results 42 patients by using non-pressed dressing and double suction drainage(DSD),30 patients were treated by pressed dressing and single suction drainage (SSD). The results showed that the volume of drainage in the first 3 days after operation between DSD group (302.9 ?129.9)ml and SSD group (153.8?91.0)ml was significant different (P0.05). The skin flap necrosis occurred in 3 cases in SSD group, but none in DSD group (P