Association between posterior tibial slope and tibial torsion angle and recurrent patellar dislocation based on the full-length CT of the lower limbs / 解剖学报

Objective To measure and compare the lateral posterior tibial slope (LPTS) , medial posterior tibial slope ( MPTS) and tibial torsion angle ( TTA) between the patients of recuiTent patellar dislocation and the heathy people, and to analyze the correlation between LPTS, MPTS and TTA and the risk factors of recuiTent patellar dislocation. Methods A total of 33 patients (44 knees) with recuiTent patellar dislocation in our hospital from July 2019 to June 2021 were selected and listed as the stud)' group. Twenty-three subjects (46 knees) who were suspected iliac vascular and lower limb vascular diseases during the same period were selected and listed as the control group. All the enrolled researchers had fulllength CT scans date of the lower limbs. Three-dimensional models were reconstructed using Mimics 21. 0 software and then imported into 3-matic software. The LPTS, MPTS and TTA were measured and compared between the two groups. Results In the study group, the LPTS, MPTS and TTA were (7. 69} 1. 42) ° , ( 10. 06} 1. 71) ° , ( 36. 42}8. 13 ) ° , respectively while the control group, the LPTS, MPTS and TTA were ( 8. 42 } 1. 65 ) ° , ( 10. 44 } 0. 86 ) ° , ( 25. 77} 3. 90 ) ° , respectively. There were no signiiicant differences in the LPTS, MPTS and TTA between different genders and sides both in the stud)' group and the control group ( P > 0. 0 5 ) . Compared with the control group, the LPTS in the stud)' group was smaller, and the difference was statistically significant (P0. 05). Compared with the control group, the TTA in the stud)' group was higher, and the difference was statistically significant (P< 0. 0 5 ) . Compared with the control group, the LPTS and MPTS in the study group were significant asymmetry, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0 . 0 5 ). Conclusion The lateral posterior tibial slope of patients with recurrent patellar dislocation is significantly smaller than that in the healthy people, while there is no significant difference in the medial posterior tibial slope; The tibial torsion angle of patients with recurrent patellar dislocation is significantly larger than in the healthy people; The lateral posterior tibial slope and tibial torsion angle have certain correlation with recurrent patellar dislocation, which can conduct the diagnosis of recurrent patellar dislocation.

Advances in the treatment and prevention of acute retinal arterial ischemia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Acute transient or permanent retinal arterial ischemia is ocular and systemic emergency requiring immediate diagnosis and treatment. Transient monocular vision loss is transient retinal arterial ischemia which leaves no permanent deficits. Central retinal arterial occlusion and branch retinal arterial occlusion lead to permanent visual function deficits in the majority of patients. Current treatment include lowering intraocular pressure, dilating blood vessels, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, intravenous or intra-arterial thrombolysis and so on, but there is still no standard treatment procedure. High risk groups should receive primary prevention measures in order to reduce the incidence of the disease. Patients with acute retinal arterial ischemia are at high risk of subsequent stroke and adverse cardiovascular events. Relevant risk factors should be identified in time, the primary disease should be treated actively, and appropriate secondary prevention measures should be taken to improve the prognosis. This review summarizes the recent treatment and prevention procedures of acute retinal arterial ischemia, to provide references for the management of these diseases.

Combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer promotes the activity of starch metabolism enzymes and the expression of related genes in rice in a dual cropping system.

BACKGROUND: Overuse of chemical fertilizer highly influences grain filling rate and quality of rice grain. Biochar is well known for improving plant growth and grain yield under lower chemical fertilization. Therefore field trials were conducted in the early and late seasons of 2019 at Guangxi University, China to investigate the effects of combined biochar (B) and nitrogen (N) application on rice yield and yield components. There were a total of eight treatments: N1B0, 135 kg N ha- 1+ 0 t B ha- 1; N2B0,180 kg N ha- 1+ 0 t B ha- 1; N1B1,135 kg N ha- 1+ 10 t B ha- 1; N1B2,135kg N ha- 1+ 20 t B ha- 1; N1B3,135 kg N ha- 1+ 30 t B ha- 1; N2B1,180 kg N ha- 1+ 10 t B ha- 1; N2B2,180 kg N ha- 1+ 20 t B ha- 1; and N2B3,180 kg N ha- 1+ 30 t B ha- 1. RESULTS: Biochar application at 30 t ha- 1combined with low N application (135 kg ha- 1) increased the activity of starch-metabolizing enzymes (SMEs) during the early and late seasons compared with treatments without biochar. The grain yield, amylose concentration, and starch content of rice were increased in plots treated with 30 t B ha-1and low N. RT-qPCR analysis showed that biochar addition combined with N fertilizer application increased the expression of AGPS2b, SSS1, GBSS1, and GBSE11b, which increased the activity of SMEs during the grain-filling period. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the use of 20 to 30 t B ha- 1coupled with 135 kg N ha- 1 is optimal for improving the grain yield and quality of rice.

321 W high-efficiency continuous-wave green laser produced by single-pass frequency doubling of narrow-linewidth fiber laser.

In this study, a high-power continuous-wave green laser for copper processing is investigated. The laser is produced by single-pass second-harmonic generation (SHG) of a narrow-linewidth fiber laser. Based on Sellmeier equations, the factors (e.g., fundamental wave linewidth, temperature, and angle) that decide LBO noncritical phase matching are theoretically analyzed for optimizing the SHG setup. A narrow-linewidth polarization-maintained fiber laser is used as the fundamental laser with a linewidth of 20 GHz and polarization extinction ratio of greater than 15 dB. Type I noncritical phase-matching LBO is used as the nonlinear crystal in the SHG. A green laser (up to 321 W) is obtained from a 784 W fundamental laser with a conversion efficiency of 40.9%. The green laser is near-diffraction-limited and has a $ M^{2} $ factor of 1.07.

Partial substitution of organic nitrogen with synthetic nitrogen enhances rice yield, grain starch metabolism and related genes expression under the dual cropping system.

Improving grain filling in the presernt farming systems is crucial where grain filling is a concern due to the extreme use of chemical fertilizers (CF). A field experiment was conducted at the experimental station of Guangxi University, China in 2019 to test the hypothesis that cattle manure (CM) and poultry manure (PM) combined with CF could improve rice grain filling rate, yield, biochemical and qualitative attributes. A total of six treatments, i.e., no fertilizer (T1), 100% CF (T2), 60% CM + 40% CF (T3), 30% CM + 70% CF (T4), 60% PM + 40% CF (T5), and 30% PM + 70% CF (T6) were used in this study. Results showed that the combined treatment T6increased starch metabolizing enzymes activity (SMEs), such as ADP-glucose phosphorylase (ADGPase) by 8 and 12%, soluble starch synthase (SSS) by 7 and 10%, granule bound starch synthesis (GBSS) by 7 and 9%, and starch branching enzyme (SBE) by 14 and 21% in the early and late seasons, respectively, compared with T2. Similarly, higher rice grain yield, grain filling rate, starch, and amylose content were also recorded in combined treatments. In terms of seasons, higher activity of SMEs , grain starch, and amylose content was noted in the late-season compared to the early season. The increment in these traits was mainly attributed to a lower temperature in the late season during the grain filling period. Furthermore, our results suggested that an increment in starch accumulation and grain filling rate were mainly associated with the enhanced sink capacity by regulating key enzyme activities involved in Suc-to-starch conversion. In-addition, RT-qPCR analysis showed higher expression levels of AGPS2b, SSS1, GBSS1, and GBSE11b genes, which resultantly increased the activities of SMEs during the grain filling period under combined treatments. Linear regression analysis revealed that the activity of ADGPase, SSS, GBSS, and SBE were highly positively correlated with starch and amylose accumulation. Thus, we concluded that a combination of 30% N from PM or CM with 70% N from CF is a promising option in terms of improving rice grain yield and quality. Our study provides a sustainable fertilizer management strategy to enhance rice grain yield and quality at the lowest environmental cost.

Comparison of in vivo pharmacokinetics of five constituents in Zhishi Zhizi Chi Decoction in normal rats and CUMS-induced depressive rats / 中国中药杂志

A LC-MS/MS method was developed for the rapid and simultaneous determination of genipin-1-β-D-gentiobioside,geniposide,naringin,hesperidin and neohesperidin in SD rat plasma.The linear relationships of these five constituents in rats were validated,and the specificity,accuracy,precision and stability met the requirements.Their pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS 3.2.2,and the results showed that the metabolic process in vivo of the five constituents accorded with the characteristics of noncompartmental model.Their main pharmacokinetic parameters were listed as follows:(1) genipin-1-β-D-gentiobioside:t_(1/2)(3.20±0.51)h,C_(max)(403.15±96.93)μg·L~(-1)and AUC_(0-t)(612.56±148.50)μg·L~(-1)·h for the model group,while t_(1/2)(3.07±0.75) h,C_(max)(229.50±60.63)μg·L~(-1)and AUC_(0-t)(413.14±76.37)μg·L~(-1)·h for the normal group;(2) geniposide:t_(1/2)(3.24±0.68) h,C_(max)(2 961.40±688.02)μg·L~(-1),and AUC_(0-t)(10 972.87±1 992.96)μg·L~(-1)·h for the model group,while t_(1/2)(4.56±0.96) h,C_(max)(1 833.27±558.13)μg·L~(-1),and AUC_(0-t)(8 996.27±3 053.48)μg·L~(-1)·h for the normal group;(3) naringin:t_(1/2)(1.64±0.59) h,C_(max)(415.13±259.54)μg·L~(-1),and AUC_(0-t)(608.62±289.05)μg·L~(-1)·h for the model group,while t_(1/2)(1.02±0.25) h,C_(max)(355.08±180.00)μg·L~(-1),and AUC_(0-t)(501.07±242.68)μg·L~(-1)·h for the normal group;(4) hesperidin:t_(1/2)(0.86±0.29) h,C_(max)(95.17±22.80)μg·L~(-1)and AUC_(0-t)(141.19±54.63)μg·L~(-1)·h for the model group,while t_(1/2)(0.95±0.31) h,C_(max)(46.48±18.33)μg·L~(-1)and AUC_(0-t)(69.51±14.73)μg·L~(-1)·h for the normal group;(5) neohesperidin:t_(1/2)(0.89±0.29) h,C_(max)(828.78±361.56)μg·L~(-1)and AUC_(0-t)(1 292.29±553.73)μg·L~(-1)·h for the model group,while t_(1/2)(0.90±0.31) h,C_(max)(314.68±172.45)μg·L~(-1)and AUC_(0-t)(385.99±138.55)μg·L~(-1)·h for the normal group.

Forensic Analysis of Sudden Death Associated with Sexual Activity / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To analyze the characteristics of sudden death associated with sexual activity to provide recommendations for forensic identification.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was conducted on autopsy cases accepted by Forensic Identification Center of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from 1998 to 2018, and a total of 15 cases of sudden death associated with sexual activity were screened out. The general information, case data and pathological changes of 15 cases were collected to find the relationship between sexual activity and sudden death.@*RESULTS@#The ratio of male to female was 1.5∶1. The average age of males was 50.1 years and that of females was 35.0 years. Coronary artery diseases and brain diseases accounted for most of the cases (12/15). Sexual partners were associated with locations of deaths and body dumping behaviors.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Sudden death associated with sexual activity, although rare, may occur in people over 30 years old with pre-existing heart or brain diseases, which should be paid attention to in forensic practice.

Antioxidant activity and absorption of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside liposomes in GES-1 cells in vitro.

The use of anthocyanins are limited by their chemical properties. Recent evidence suggests Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3 G) liposomes via the ethanol injection method exhibit improved stability. In the current study, the characterization and cell absorption of C3 G liposomes were explored via transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry. The internalization of the C3 G liposomes across the gastric epithelial cell monolayer (GES-1 cells) were investigated. Results showed that the particle size and encapsulation efficiency were 234 ± 9.35 nm and 75.0% ± 0.001, respectively. The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of C3 G liposomes. The C3 G liposomes can obviously increased T-AOC and decreased the MDA content.Collectively, C3 G liposomes protected human GES-1 cells from gastric mucosal injury induced by H2O2 by activating the related antioxidant pathway. Our research could provide a new effective treatment strategy for the absorption of stomach drugs.Abbreviations: C3G: Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside; LP: Liposome; GES-1 cells: Human gastric epithelial cell lines; FBS: Fetal Bovine Serum; PBS: Phosphate-buffered saline; PC: Phosphatidylcholine; CH: Cholesterol; MDA: Malondialdehyde; TEM: Transmission electron microscope; FCM: Flow cytometry; FITC: Fluorescein isothiocyanate; DAPI: 4', 6-diamidino-2phenylidole; FT-IR: Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy; PFA: Paraformaldehyde.

Amyloid precursor protein regulates 5-fluorouracil resistance in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality globally. It accounts for the majority of primary liver cancer cases. Amyloid precursor protein (APP), a cell membrane protein, plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, and has been found to be implicated in tumor growth and metastasis. Therefore, to understand the relationship between APP and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance in liver cancer, Cell Counting Kit-8, apoptosis and cell cycle assays, western blotting, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis were performed. The results demonstrated that APP expression in Bel7402-5-FU cells was significantly up-regulated, as compared with that in Bel7402 cells. Through successful construction of APP-silenced (siAPP) and overexpressed (OE) Bel7402 cell lines, data revealed that the Bel7402-APP751-OE cell line was insensitive, while the Bel7402-siAPP cell line was sensitive to 5-FU in comparison to the matched control group. Furthermore, APP overexpression decreased, while APP silencing increased 5-FU-induced apoptosis in Bel7402 cells. Mechanistically, APP overexpression and silencing can regulate the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and the expression of apoptotic suppressor genes (B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xl)). Taken together, these results preliminarily revealed that APP overexpression contributes to the resistance of liver cancer cells to 5-FU, providing a new perspective for drug resistance.

Advances in Neuropathologic Research of Hypoglycemic Brain Damage Caused by Insulin Overdose / 法医学杂志

The number of death from insulin overdose, including accidental poisoning, suicide and homicide, is increasing these years. The forensic diagnosis of death from insulin overdose is a tough task. Glucose is the main energy source of the brain. Therefore, hypoglycemic brain damage is considered to be the main reason of death from insulin overdose. Recently, research of hypoglycemic brain damage caused by insulin overdose is gradually being paid attention in the field of forensic medicine. This paper summarizes the neuropathologic changes, pathophysiologic process and potential neural molecular markers of hypoglycemic brain damage caused by insulin overdose in terms of forensic neuropathology, providing reference for the research and practice in forensic medicine related fields.

Trial of Chloroquines in the Treatment of COVID-19 and Its Research Progress in Forensic Toxicology / 法医学杂志

Chloroquines are the long-established prescription drug, which are often used clinically to treat malaria and connective tissue diseases. Since December 2019, corona virus disease 2019 （COVID-19） outbreaks caused by 2019 novel coronavirus （2019-nCoV） has occurred in China and many countries around the world. Due to the lack of drugs against COVID-19, the disease spreads rapidly and the mortality rate is relatively high. Therefore, specific drugs against 2019-nCoV need to be quickly screened. The antimalarial drug chloroquine phosphate which has already been approved is confirmed to have an anti-2019-nCoV effect and has been included in diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines. However, awareness of the risk of chloroquine phosphate causing acute poisoning or even death should be strengthened. The current dosage recommended in clinical treatment is larger than that in previous treatment of malaria and the period of treatment is longer. Many provinces have required close clinical monitoring of adverse reactions. This paper reviews the pharmacological effects, poisoning and toxicological mechanisms, in vivo metabolism and distribution, and forensic issues of chloroquine drugs, in order to provide help to forensic practice and clinical work.

Cyanidin-3-o-glucoside liposome: Preparation via a green method and antioxidant activity in GES-1 cells.

Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) liposomes was used to improve the stability and antioxidant activity of C3G through a green thin-film dispersion method. The characteristics, stability and the effect of C3G liposomes on GES-1 cells were explored. Results showed that the particle size and encapsulation efficiency (EE%) of C3G liposomes were 258.9 ±â€¯5.06 nm and 77.5%, respectively. DPPH assay showed that liposomes encapsulation can improve the antioxidant of C3G, while the ABTS assay was opposite. Stability study showed the C3G liposome were unstable under extended storage time. The effects of C3G liposomes on GES-1 cells showed that C3G liposomes can decrease the ROS levels of GES-1 and had negligible effects on cell viability and mitochondrial structure. These findings suggested that liposomes could be used as a carrier system to improve the stability of C3G.

All-fiber continuous-wave Raman fiber oscillator operating at 2118 nm.

An all-fiber Raman fiber oscillator operating at 2118 nm pumped by homemade thulium-doped fiber laser with continuous output power of 4.2 W has been demonstrated in this paper. By means of 26 m ultrahigh-numerical-aperture fibers, the average slope efficiency can be up to 23.6%. Because of the Raman spectrum broadening of the first Stokes light, the intensity of high order Raman Stokes has been suppressed. The mechanism of Raman spectrum broadening has been analyzed by group-velocity dispersion and Four-Wave Mixing frequency theories in detail. Two mode field adaptors have been used to reduce the intracavity loss and thermal deposition, which indicates that the proposed architecture is robust and has significant power scaling potential.

Narrow-linewidth all-fiber amplifier with up to 3.01 kW output power based on commercial 20/400 µm active fiber and counterpumped configuration.

A multikilowatt all-fiber amplifier with narrow spectral linewidth is investigated by using commercial 20/400 µm active fiber due to its more extensive application prospects. Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is suppressed effectively by combining multiple approaches including optimizing linewidth-broadened seed, shortening fiber length, and a counterpumped configuration. Consequently, the output power is pushed up to 3.01 kW with M2=1.17, and the linewidth is maintained at 48 GHz. The detailed characteristics of SBS are presented and analyzed in the frequency and time domains as output power is gradually raised. A high optical-to-optical efficiency is obtained with 85.6% and amplified spontaneous emission is reduced to 40 dB with respect to a laser signal. The proposed architecture reaches a relatively high output power with excellent beam quality under the condition of the equivalent linewidth for the commercial 20/400 µm active fibers in robustly all-fiberized structures.

Newly detected atrial fibrillation is associated with cortex-involved ischemic stroke / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Background@#Both cortical and cortical-subcortical (cortex-involved) lesions are typically associated with embolic stroke, of which atrial fibrillation (AF) is the common cause. The aim of this study was to find out the associations between cortex-involved stroke, vascular risk factors, and the subtypes (discovery time and duration) of AF.@*Methods@#This was an imaging study of the China Atrial Fibrillation Screening in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients (CRIST) trial. Between October 2013 and June 2015, 1511 acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients within 7 days after stroke onset at 20 Chinese hospitals were enrolled in this prospective, multicenter cohort, cross-sectional study. The final analysis of this sub-study included 243 patients with AF with required magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences. AF was diagnosed by 6-day Holter monitoring and classified by duration of 24 h. Two stroke specialists blinded to the clinical information reviewed MRI (diffusion-weighted MRI). The third stroke specialists, also blinded to the clinical information, assessed the conflicts. Adjusted large artery atherosclerosis as confounding factor, the associations between cortex-involved lesions, vascular risk factors, and the subtype of AF were evaluated by univariate and multivariate regression analyses.@*Results@#Of 243 acute ischemic stroke patients with AF, 190 were known AF and 53 were newly detected AF. There were 28 patients with AF persistent >24 h and 25 persistent ≤24 h in newly detected AF. Patients with newly detected AF were likely to have a fewer history of stroke or TIA (16.98% vs. 36.31%, P = 0.008) and lower fasting blood glucose (5.91 ± 1.83 mmol/L vs. 6.75 ± 3.83 mmol/L, P = 0.030) than patients with known AF. Among these 243 patients, 102 (41.98%) patients were with cortex-involved lesions. Cortex-involved lesions were significantly related to newly detected AF persistent >24 h (odds ratio [OR]: 4.517, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.490–13.696, P = 0.008), proteinuria (OR: 3.431, 95% CI: 1.530–7.692, P = 0.021), and glycosylated hemoglobin (OR: 0.632, 95% CI: 0.464–0.861, P = 0.004).@*Conclusions@#Compared to previously known AF, newly detected AF persistent >24 h was associated with cortex-involved ischemic stroke.@*Clinical trial registration@#NCT02156765, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT02156765

Advances in pharmacological studies of baicalin on cerebral ischemia / 中国药理学通报

Ischemic stroke is one of the neurological diseases with high mortality and disability rate, and the improvement in the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke is of great urgency. Baicalin is the main active ingredient of Scutellaria baicalensis, which could penetrate the blood-brain barrier and be used for treatment of ischemic stroke. This article reviews the research progress in the neuroprotective effects of baicalin for ischemic stroke on anti-oxidative stress, anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammatory, anti-excitotoxicity, anti-thrombin cytotoxicity, regulations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression, regulations of heat shock protein 70 expression, protection of bloodbrain barrier, promotion of neurogenesis, and the underlying mechanisms, aiming to provide scientific evidence for the clinical application of baicalin therapy for ischemic stroke.

Newly detected atrial fibrillation is associated with cortex-involved ischemic stroke / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Both cortical and cortical-subcortical (cortex-involved) lesions are typically associated with embolic stroke, of which atrial fibrillation (AF) is the common cause. The aim of this study was to find out the associations between cortex-involved stroke, vascular risk factors, and the subtypes (discovery time and duration) of AF.@*METHODS@#This was an imaging study of the China Atrial Fibrillation Screening in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients (CRIST) trial. Between October 2013 and June 2015, 1511 acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients within 7 days after stroke onset at 20 Chinese hospitals were enrolled in this prospective, multicenter cohort, cross-sectional study. The final analysis of this sub-study included 243 patients with AF with required magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences. AF was diagnosed by 6-day Holter monitoring and classified by duration of 24 h. Two stroke specialists blinded to the clinical information reviewed MRI (diffusion-weighted MRI). The third stroke specialists, also blinded to the clinical information, assessed the conflicts. Adjusted large artery atherosclerosis as confounding factor, the associations between cortex-involved lesions, vascular risk factors, and the subtype of AF were evaluated by univariate and multivariate regression analyses.@*RESULTS@#Of 243 acute ischemic stroke patients with AF, 190 were known AF and 53 were newly detected AF. There were 28 patients with AF persistent >24 h and 25 persistent ≤24 h in newly detected AF. Patients with newly detected AF were likely to have a fewer history of stroke or TIA (16.98% vs. 36.31%, P = 0.008) and lower fasting blood glucose (5.91 ± 1.83 mmol/L vs. 6.75 ± 3.83 mmol/L, P = 0.030) than patients with known AF. Among these 243 patients, 102 (41.98%) patients were with cortex-involved lesions. Cortex-involved lesions were significantly related to newly detected AF persistent >24 h (odds ratio [OR]: 4.517, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.490-13.696, P = 0.008), proteinuria (OR: 3.431, 95% CI: 1.530-7.692, P = 0.021), and glycosylated hemoglobin (OR: 0.632, 95% CI: 0.464-0.861, P = 0.004).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Compared to previously known AF, newly detected AF persistent >24 h was associated with cortex-involved ischemic stroke.@*CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION@#NCT02156765, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT02156765.

Intra-arterial chemotherapy for the treatment of retinoblastoma / 眼科新进展

Intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) refers to the injection of chemotherapeutics into patients' eyes through arteria ophthalmica in order to local chemotherapy for retinoblastoma (RB).The common drugs in the treatment of RB include melphalan,topotecan and carboplatin.IAC can form the high-concentration drug effects on local areas.It can effectively kill tumors and significantly reduce the occurrence rate of complications after intravenous chemotherapy.Application of IAC can cure patients with RB in B,C,D and E stage in international criteria,which can effectively improve eye protection rate.Complications of IAC include eyelids edema,chemosis,blepharoptosis,ocular motility disorders,vitreous hemorrhage,ischemia of choroid or retina,transient myelosuppression,etc.It should be further conduction of long-term and large-sample cases studies on how to improve curative effects and reduce serious eye complications.

Prognostic factors of surgery for idiopathic macular hole / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Idiopathic macular hole (IMH) refers to full thickness defects of retinal neuroepithelial layer in macular area without clear reasons,and par plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling (ILMP) has been routine operation to treat IMH.There are many possible factors influencing the prognosis of surgery,including age,sex,duration of disease,visual acuity before operation,stage and diameter of IMH,various MH index,surgical techniques,dyeing agent,vitreous tamponade,head position after operation,recoverment of ellipsoid zone,and so on.A comprehensive analysis of these prognostic factors could contribute to predict the patients' recoverment and communicate better with patients.It could also help to exclude confounding factors when the new clinical trials were conducted.Furthermore,more prospective clinical trials are needed to obtain high quality evidence.

Synthesis of 1, 8-diacetyl rhein (2-bromo)-ethyl ester and its role in osteosarcoma MG-63 cells / 中国药理学通报

Aim To design and synthesize of a new rhein derivative 1 , 8-diacetyl rhein ( 2-bromo )-ethyl ester ( rhein derivatives B ) and explore its effect on os-teosarcoma MG-63 cells and the related mechanism . Methods 1 , 8-diacetyl rhein ( 2-bromo )-ethyl ester was synthesized from rhein and its structure was identi-fied by UV, IR and NMR spectra .The purity of the synthetic product was determined by HPLC .The in vitro anti-proliferative activity of rhein and the synthetic product on osteosarcoma MG-63 cells were determined by MTT assay .Apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were detected by flow cytometry .Results The molec-ular structure of 1 , 8-diacetyl rhein ( 2-bromo )-ethyl ester was confirmed by UV , IR, 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR, and the purity was higher than 98％.The IC50 values of rhein and rhein derivatives B on osteosarcoma MG-63 cells were 110.60μmol· L-1 and 25.78μmol · L-1 , respectively .The Results of flow cytometry showed that the apoptotic rates of rhein and rhein de-rivatives B at the concentration of 80 μmol· L-1 were (6.87 ±0.53)％and (48.84 ±2.20)％, respective-ly, and the cell cycle was mainly arrested in S phase on MG-63 cells.Conclusions The anti-tumor activity of 1,8-diacetyl rhein-(2-bromo)-ethyl ester is superior to that of rhein in vitro, and the mechanisms may be associated with blocking the process of cell cycle of os-teosarcoma MG-63 cells and initiating apoptosis .