Caracterização dos óbitos maternos num município nordestino brasileiro / Characteristics of maternal deaths in a brazilian northeastern municipality / Caracterización de las muertes maternas en un municipio brasileño del noreste

Objetivo: determinar o perfil da mortalidade materna no município de São Luís no ano de 2007. Método: estudo descritivo, documental, retrospectivo, com abordagem quantitativa. Os dados foram coletados do Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade Materna utilizando-se dados oficiais do Ministério da Saúde. Resultados: o óbito materno caracterizou-se por mulheres na faixa etária de 20 a 29 anos (47%), com 4 a 7 anos de escolaridade (33%), estado civil solteira (69%), de raça/cor parda (55%). Dentre as causas de mortalidade materna, a hipertensão gestacional com proteinúria significativa teve frequência correspondendo a 47% dos óbitos, seguido pelas afecções obstétricas (18%). Quanto ao local de ocorrência do óbito nota-se maior frequência para os hospitalares (94%). Conclusão: apesar da tecnologia avançada e do reconhecimento de algumas medidas de prevenção, um grande número de mulheres morre diariamente por complicações no ciclo gravídico-puerperal.(AU)

Objective: determining the profile of maternal mortality in the city of São Luis in 2007. Method: a descriptive, documentary and retrospective study of a quantitative approach. Data were collected from the Maternal Mortality Information System using official data from the Ministry of Health. Results: maternal death was characterized by women aged 20-29 years old (47%), with schooling from 4 to 7 years (33%), single marital status (69%), of race/dark color (55%). Among the causes of maternal mortality, gestational hypertension with significant proteinuria had frequency corresponding to 47% of deaths, followed by obstetric conditions (18%). Regarding the place of occurrence of death, it is noted more frequently the hospital (94%). Conclusion: despite the advanced technology and the recognition of some preventive measures, a large number of women die every day from complications in pregnancy and childbirth.(AU)

Objetivo: determinar el perfil de la mortalidad materna en la ciudad de Sao Luis, en 2007. Método: un estudio descriptivo, documental y retrospectivo con un enfoque cuantitativo. Los datos fueron obtenidos del Sistema de Información de Mortalidad Materna, a partir de datos oficiales del Ministerio de Salud. Resultados: la muerte materna se caracterizó por mujeres de entre 20-29 años (47%), con 4 a 7 años de escolarización (33%), estado civil solteras (69%), la raza/color pardo (55%). Entre las causas de la mortalidad materna la hipertensión gestacional con proteinuria significativa tuvo frecuencia correspondiente al 47% de las muertes, seguido por las condiciones obstétricas (18%). Como se observa el lugar de ocurrencia de la muerte con más frecuencia en el hospital (94%). Conclusión: a pesar de la tecnología avanzada y el reconocimiento de algunas medidas preventivas, un gran número de mujeres mueren cada día por complicaciones en el embarazo y el parto.(AU)

Impact of Cardiovascular Interventions on the Quality of Life in the Elderly

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: The elderly population is growing rapidly. Political and socio-economic changes led to the demographic transition in this population with the highest number of surgeries and as well as many comorbidities. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of cardiovascular intervention on quality of life of elderly patients after three and six months. METHODS: Analytical prospective cohort study with elderly between 60 and 80 years of age, of both sexes, with a diagnosis of coronary artery disease and underwent cardiovascular intervention during the period June 2010 to June 2011. Data were collected by individual interviews in the pre and postoperative periods (after three and six months) by telephone. We used the SF-36 to analyse quality of life in order to assess the physical and mental health of the study population. RESULTS: Of the 44 individuals evaluated, 59.1% were men, 75% in the range of 65 to 74 years, 38.6% were white and 38.6% were black, 31.8% were uneducated, 43.2% were married and 68.2% had less than a minimum wage. Prevailed patients: non-diabetics (68.2%), non-obese (81.8%), hypertensive (84.1%), non-alcoholic and non-smokers (68.2% and 61.4%, respectively). A significant increase in the average of the SF-36 scores between pre and post-surgical periods (three and six months) for the domains: functional capacity, pain, general health, vitality and emotional aspect. CONCLUSION: The elderly population undergoing intervention may have cardiovascular benefits and improvements of quality of life. Physical fitness improvement measures can be taken to resume that capability.

Impact of Cardiovascular Interventions on the Quality of Life in the Elderly.

INTRODUCTION: The elderly population is growing rapidly. Political and socio-economic changes led to the demographic transition in this population with the highest number of surgeries and as well as many comorbidities. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of cardiovascular intervention on quality of life of elderly patients after three and six months. METHODS: Analytical prospective cohort study with elderly between 60 and 80 years of age, of both sexes, with a diagnosis of coronary artery disease and underwent cardiovascular intervention during the period June 2010 to June 2011. Data were collected by individual interviews in the pre and postoperative periods (after three and six months) by telephone. We used the SF-36 to analyse quality of life in order to assess the physical and mental health of the study population. RESULTS: Of the 44 individuals evaluated, 59.1% were men, 75% in the range of 65 to 74 years, 38.6% were white and 38.6% were black, 31.8% were uneducated, 43.2% were married and 68.2% had less than a minimum wage. Prevailed patients: non-diabetics (68.2%), non-obese (81.8%), hypertensive (84.1%), non-alcoholic and non-smokers (68.2% and 61.4%, respectively). A significant increase in the average of the SF-36 scores between pre and post-surgical periods (three and six months) for the domains: functional capacity, pain, general health, vitality and emotional aspect. CONCLUSION: The elderly population undergoing intervention may have cardiovascular benefits and improvements of quality of life. Physical fitness improvement measures can be taken to resume that capability.

Impacto na qualidade de vida pós-angioplastia coronariana ou revascularização do miocárdio / Impact on quality of life after angioplasty coronary artery bypass graft

Fundamentos: Qualidade de vida (QV) se associa a doenças cardiovasculares, tornando-se indispensável sua avaliação na prática clínica.Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio (RVM) e da angioplastia coronariana percutânea (ACTP) na QV de pacientes com doença arterial coronariana. Métodos: Estudo de coorte, prospectivo e analítico, envolvendo 114 pacientes (ambos os sexos) submetidos a um dos dois procedimentos (grupo RVM e grupo ACTP), entre junho 2010 e junho 2011. Utilizou-se o questionário SF-36 como instrumento de avaliação, tendo sido aplicado durante o pré-operatório e aos três e seis meses de seguimento. Resultados: Na avaliação inicial da QV da população amostral, os escores médios dos domínios variaram de 24,79 a 74,65, observando-se maior comprometimento dos domínios físico, capacidade funcional e emocional, em ambos os grupos. Observou-se melhora nos domínios ao final de três meses, exceto nos domínios social e emocional no grupo da RVM. No sexto mês, não se observou melhora nos domínios físico e emocional no grupo RVM, e no social para ambos os grupos. Os pacientes com RVM apresentaram melhores escores no domínio mental, enquanto os submetidos à ACTP, no domínio físico. Em relação à percepção da saúde atual quando comparada há um ano, os submetidos à ACTP apresentaram melhora significativa quando comparados ao grupo RVM. Conclusão: Houve melhora na QV ao sexto mês tanto para os pacientes submetidos à RVM quanto à ACTP, sem superioridade para nenhum dos métodos.

Background: Quality of life (QoL) is related to cardiovascular diseases, making this essential for its evaluation in clinical practice. Objective: To evaluate the impact of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and percutaneus transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) on the QoL for patients with coronary artery disease. Methods: A prospective cohort and analytical study of 114 patients (male/female) undergoing both procedures (CABG group and PTCA group) between June 2010 and June 2011. The SF-36 questionnaire was used as an evaluation tool, completed during the pre-operative stage and at three and six months follow-up. Results: The baseline QoL mean scores for the sample population ranged from 24.79 to 74.65, with greater involvement of the physical, emotional and functional capacity fields in both groups. Improvements were observed after three months, except for the social and emotional fields in the CABG group. In the sixth month, no improvement was noted in the physical and emotional fields for the CABG group, and the social field for both groups. The CABG patients posted higher scores in the mental field, while those undergoing PTCA scored higher in the physical field. In terms of perceptions of their current health compared to a year previously, the PTCA patients showed significant improvements compared to the CABG group. Conclusion: Improvement in the QoL at six months for PTCA and CABG patients, with neither method proving superior.

[Coverage of the basic immunization schedule in the first year of life in State capitals in Northeast Brazil]. / Cobertura vacinal do esquema básico para o primeiro ano de vida nas capitais do Nordeste brasileiro.

Vaccination coverage in the so-called "developing countries" is still lower than expected. Such coverage is an important indicator of population health and the quality of care provided by the health care system. The current study describes the results of a household survey to estimate coverage of the basic immunization schedule in the first year of life in State capitals in Northeast Brazil, for the 2005 birth cohort. The methodology used was that recommended by the Pan American Health Organization for surveys on vaccination coverage. According to the data, vaccination coverage fell short of the goals set by the National Immunization Program for this age group, at high risk of acquiring vaccine-preventable diseases. The lowest coverage rates were found at the two extremes of socioeconomic strata. Assessment of vaccination coverage indicates whether the infant population is immunized and helps identify weak points in vaccination activities.

Cobertura vacinal do esquema básico para o primeiro ano de vida nas capitais do Nordeste brasileiro / Coverage of the basic immunization schedule in the first year of life in State capitals in Northeast Brazil / Cobertura de vacunación de esquema básico durante el primer año de vida en las capitales del nordeste brasileño

A cobertura vacinal nos chamados "países em desenvolvimento" ainda está aquém da esperada. Ela é um importante indicador de saúde das populações e da qualidade da atenção dispensada pelos serviços. O presente estudo descreve os resultados de um inquérito domiciliar para estimar a cobertura vacinal do esquema básico para o primeiro ano de vida nas capitais do Nordeste brasileiro, da coorte nascida em 2005. A metodologia usada é a preconizada pela Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde para a realização de inquéritos de cobertura vacinal. Os dados obtidos no presente estudo de cobertura vacinal demonstram que é baixa a proporção de crianças vacinadas, ao se considerarem as metas preconizadas pelo Programa Nacional de Imunização, na faixa etária de maior risco para as doenças imunizáveis. Para os estratos nas capitais do Nordeste, encontramos as piores coberturas nos dois extremos dos estratos socioeconômicos. A avaliação da cobertura vacinal contribui para detectar se a população infantil encontra-se imunizada, além da identificação de pontos frágeis das atividades de vacinação.

Vaccination coverage in the so-called "developing countries" is still lower than expected. Such coverage is an important indicator of population health and the quality of care provided by the health care system. The current study describes the results of a household survey to estimate coverage of the basic immunization schedule in the first year of life in State capitals in Northeast Brazil, for the 2005 birth cohort. The methodology used was that recommended by the Pan American Health Organization for surveys on vaccination coverage. According to the data, vaccination coverage fell short of the goals set by the National Immunization Program for this age group, at high risk of acquiring vaccine-preventable diseases. The lowest coverage rates were found at the two extremes of socioeconomic strata. Assessment of vaccination coverage indicates whether the infant population is immunized and helps identify weak points in vaccination activities.

La cobertura de las vacunas en los denominados "países en desarrollo" todavía está por debajo de lo esperado. Se trata de un importante indicador de salud de la población y de la calidad de la atención dispensada por los servicios de salud. El presente estudio describe los resultados de una encuesta domiciliaria para estimar la cobertura de vacunación en el esquema básico de salud durante el primer año de vida, concretamente en la cohorte nacida en 2005, en las capitales del nordeste brasileño. La metodología usada es la preconizada por la Organización Pan-Americana de la Salud para la realización de encuestas de cobertura de vacunación. Los datos obtenidos en el presente estudio de cobertura de vacunación demuestran que es baja la proporción de niños vacunados, al ser consideradas las metas preconizadas por el Programa Nacional de Inmunización, en la franja de edad de mayor riesgo para las enfermedades inmunizables. En lo que se refiere a los estratos en las capitales del Nordeste, encontramos las peores coberturas en los dos extremos de los estratos socioeconómicos. La evaluación de la cobertura de vacunación contribuye a detectar si la población infantil se encuentra inmunizada, además de permitir la identificación de puntos frágiles en las actividades de vacunación.