[Urethro-cervico-cystopexy using aponeurotic colposuspension: an original technic in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. Apropos of 32 long-term reviewed cases]. / L'uréthro-cervico-cystopexie par colposuspension aponévrotique: une technique originale dans le traitement de l'incontinence d'urine à l'effort. A propos de 32 cas revus à long terme.

This is an original technique for the treatment of isolated urinary stress incontinence without associated cystocele, designed to obtain a good result, stable in the long term, which avoids dysuria and phenomena of bladder irritation (frequency, urgency) inherent to suspension cervicopexy. It consists of a Gobell-Stoeckel operation, modified at two points: retrocervical dissection exclusively via a retropubic incision and fixation of a band of aponeurosis to the vagina before fixing it to Cooper's ligament to prevent compression of the posterior lip of the bladder neck. Thirty two patients with a mean age of 56 years (range: 41-83 years) were operated by this technique between 1986 and 1991. Sixteen of the 32 patients (50%) had a history of previous pelvic surgery: 14 hysterectomies, 4 cures of urinary stress incontinence, 4 cures of cystocele. Stress incontinence was associated with urgency in 25% of cases. Five patients developed 7 minor early complications: 3 benign parietal complications, 4 cases of transient urinary retention. The mean duration of indwelling catheterisation was 4 days (range: 2-6 days) and the mean length of hospital stay was 8 days (range: 6-20 days). The mean follow-up was 32 months (range: 12-70 months). Perfect continence was achieved in 91% of cases. 69% of patients obtained an excellent result (normal continence, no dysuria, no urgency), 19% obtained a moderate result (normal continence, but slight dysuria and/or urgency) and 12% obtained a poor result (2 cases of urge incontinence, 1 case of late incontinence secondary to a neurological lesion and 1 case of permanent incomplete retention requiring endoscopic section of the strip of aponeurosis). On the basis of these good long-term results, the authors propose this technique for the treatment of urinary stress incontinence in postmenopausal and/or previously operated women.

[Urological studies in urination disorders in children]. / Les explorations urologiques en cas de troubles mictionnels chez l'enfant.

Enuresis nocturna in children must not be confused with incontinence associated with disorders of urination. Questioning and clinical examination are sufficient to distinguish between these two entities. The former is a psychogenic condition which does not require urological examination, whereas the latter is of urological or neurological origin and requires additional explorations to reach an aetiological diagnosis. These explorations (urography, cystography, cystomanometry, neurophysiological and/or neuroradiological studies) are determined according to the type of the presumed lesion and to the child's age.

[Do posterior urethral valves alter the results of renal transplantation in children?]. / Les valves de l'urèthre postérieur altèrent-elles les résultats de la transplantation rénale chez l'enfant?

The authors conducted a retrospective study based on a series of 715 renal transplantations in children performed between January 1973 and December 1989 at the Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades in order to determine whether the long-term result of renal transplantation was as good in children with posterior urethral valves (PUV) as in children with a normal lower urinary tract. Group 1 consisted of 50 renal transplantations performed in 41 children in whom the primary urological disease was PUV. The bladder was able to be used without modification in 36 cases and had to be enlarged in 5 cases. A permanent cutaneous urinary diversion was not required in any of these transplanted patients. Group 2 consisted of 665 renal transplantations performed in children without PUV. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the distribution of cadaver kidney and living related donor transplantations. Immunosuppressive treatment consisted of various combinations of prednisone, azathioprine, ALS for the earlier patients in the series, OKT 3 and cyclosporin for the more recent patients. In group 1, we observed a urological complication rate of 20% and a vascular complication rate of 14%, while, in group 2, the urological complication rate was 16.9% and the vascular complication rate was 9.5%. The actuarial 5-year and 10-year graft survival rates were 63% and 49% in group 1 and 63% and 49% in group 2, respectively. The actuarial graft survival rates were therefore identical in the two groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[Urethral stricture in children. Long term results of surgical treatments]. / Sténose de l'urètre chez l'enfant. Résultats à long terme des traitements chirurgicaux.

Thirty-six urethral strictures were treated between 1977 and 1984. Three strictures were considered to be congenital, eleven were traumatic and twenty-two were iatrogenic. The authors performed twenty five internal urethrotomies, twelve resection-sutures of the urethra and eleven urethroplasties including eight patch grafts with a pedicle derived from scrotal or penile skin, a tubed pedicle scrotal skin flap, one Jurascek urethroplasty and one Leveuf urethroplasty. Internal urethrotomy only gave 50% of good results and is now reserved for short strictures less than one centimetre in length. Resection-suture is an excellent operation which should be reserved for strictures less than two centimetres in length: it gave 84% of good results. One of the various types of pedicle cutaneous urethroplasty is certainly the best operation for long strictures: it gave more than 90% of good results in the present series.

[Stenosis of the urethra in children. Long-term results of surgical treatment]. / Sténose de l'urètre chez l'enfant. Résultats à long terme des traitements chirurgicaux.

Thirty-six urethral strictures were treated between 1977 and 1984. Three strictures were considered to be congenital, eleven were traumatic and twenty-two were iatrogenic. The authors performed twenty five internal urethrotomies, twelve resection-sutures of the urethra and eleven urethroplasties including eight patch grafts with a pedicle derived from scrotal or penile skin, a tubed pedicle scrotal skin flap, one Jurascek urethroplasty and one Leveuf urethroplasty. Internal urethrotomy only gave 50% good results and is now reserved for short strictures less than one centimetre. Of resection-suture is an excellent operation which should be reserved for strictures less than two centimetres: it gave 84% of good results. One of the various types of pedicle cutaneous urethroplasty is certainly the best operation to treat long strictures: it gave more than 90% of good results in the present series.

A multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the efficacy of prazosin in the treatment of dysuria associated with benign prostatic hypertrophy.

An 8-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 39 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy was conducted to assess the effects of prazosin HCl treatment on functional urologic variables after a treatment period of 4 weeks. The randomized groups were comparable for demographic variables and symptoms, except for the mean residual urinary volume, which was significantly higher in the prazosin HCl group. Prazosin HCl elicited statistically significant improvements in the mean prostatic urethral pressure and prostate area (Mann-Whitney U test: p = 0.001 for both variables as compared with the placebo group). Functional bladder capacity also improved significantly in the group receiving the test drug (Mann-Whitney U test: p = 0.05, as compared with the placebo group). Clinical improvements were also observed in the mean maximum urinary flow, decreased nocturia frequency, and residual urinary volume. Patient preference significantly favored the prazosin HCl treatment (Mann-Whitney U test: p = 0.001). Seven patients on prazosin HCl and 5 receiving placebo reported one or more side effects during the trial phase; these were mild to moderate and disappeared or were tolerated. No statistically significant effects on blood pressure or heart rate were observed.

[Value of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy in the treatment of urinary lithiasis in children]. / Intérêt de la lithotriptie extra-corporelle par ondes de choc pour le traitement de la lithiase urinaire de l'enfant.

We report our experience with extracorporeal lithotripsy (Dornier HM3) in a series of 26 children with a mean age of 11.6 years, treated for 3 1/2 years. 12 children (46%) had a previous history of calculi and 7 (27%) had already undergone surgery on the same side. Treatment requires two transducer investigations before lithotripsy. With the exception of minor modifications the technique is the same as in the adult. Three (9.7%) postlithotripsy complications were noted, requiring 2 drainage procedures to be carried out on the urinary tract. At 3 months, the success rate (no residual calculi on the plain abdominal film) was 60.7%. This study confirms the efficacy of lithotripsy in the treatment of urinary lithiasis in children.