Worldwide Research Trends in Landslide Science.

Landslides are generated by natural causes and by human action, causing various geomorphological changes as well as physical and socioeconomic loss of the environment and human life. The study, characterization and implementation of techniques are essential to reduce land vulnerability, different socioeconomic sector susceptibility and actions to guarantee better slope stability with a significant positive impact on society. The aim of this work is the bibliometric analysis of the different types of landslides that the United States Geological Survey (USGS) emphasizes, through the SCOPUS database and the VOSviewer software version 1.6.17, for the analysis of their structure, scientific production, and the close relationship with several scientific fields and its trends. The methodology focuses on: (i) search criteria; (ii) data extraction and cleaning; (iii) generation of graphs and bibliometric mapping; and (iv) analysis of results and possible trends. The study and analysis of landslides are in a period of exponential growth, focusing mainly on techniques and solutions for the stabilization, prevention, and categorization of the most susceptible hillslope sectors. Therefore, this research field has the full collaboration of various authors and places a significant focus on the conceptual evolution of the landslide science.

Humedales del Parque Nacional Chirripó, Costa Rica: características, relaciones geomorfológicas y escenarios de cambio climático / Wetlands of the Chirripó National Park, Costa Rica: characteristics, geomorphological relationships and climate change scenarios

Resumen Los humedales, también llamados altoandinos, han sido poco estudiados y caracterizados en Costa Rica. En este estudio se analizan las características geomorfológicas, climatológicas e hidrológicas de los humedales altoandinos del Parque Nacional Chirripó (PNCh), ubicado al centro-sur de Costa Rica, América Central. Para ello se parte de un levantamiento geomorfológico a escala 1:25 000 de formas de relieve particularmente de origen glaciar, el Inventario Nacional de Humedales llevado a cabo por el Proyecto Humedales (PNUD-SINAC-GEF), y la determinación de distintos escenarios de cambio climático para los periodos 2039-2059 y 2079-2099. El objetivo de este trabajo es caracterizar el estado actual de estos ecosistemas, explicar cómo y porqué se forman, así como valorar las posibles implicaciones en el ciclo hidrológico y la provisión de agua de estos reservorios debido a las variaciones del clima a futuro. Los resultados denotan la gran importancia de estos humedales para mantener la dinámica ecológica en el PNCh, así como los servicios de provisión de agua y regulación del ciclo hidrológico en las cuencas que derivan de esta área protegida.(AU)

Abstract The geomorphological, climatological and hydrological characteristics of the high Andean wetlands of the Chirripó National Park (PNCh) are analyzed. The PNCh is located in south-central Costa Rica, Central America. This analysis includes a geomorphological survey on a 1: 25 000 scale of the relief forms and processes, particularly those of glacial origin. The National Wetland Inventory carried out by the Wetlands Project (UNDP-SINAC-GEF) was also used, along with different climate change projections corresponding to the scenarios for the 2039-2059 and 2079-2099 horizons. The main objective is to characterize the current state of these ecosystems, to explain how and why they are formed, as well as to assess the possible implications in the hydrological cycle and the water supply of these wetlands due to future climate variations. The results showed the relevance of these natural reservoirs in maintaining the ecological dynamics of the PNCh. We also studied the services of water provision and regulation of the hydrological cycle in the basins that compose this protected area.(AU)