RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem. There are few studies in Latin America, especially in primary care settings. Our objective was to determine the prevalence, stages, and associated factors of CKD in primary care setting. METHODS: We did a retrospective secondary analysis of a database from the Diabetes and Hypertension Primary Care Center of the Peruvian Social Security System (EsSalud) in Lima, Peru. We defined CKD as the presence of eGFR <60 mL/min and/or albuminuria >30 mg/day in 24 h, according to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Factors associated with CKD were evaluated with Poisson Regression models; these factors included age, gender, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), hypertension (HTN), body mass index (BMI), and uric acid. Associations were described as crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS: We evaluated 1211 patients (women [59%], mean age 65.8 years [SD: 12.7]). Prevalence of CKD was 18%. Using the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), the prevalence was 9.3% (95% CI 5.3 - 13.3) in patients without HTN or DM2; 20.2% (95% CI 17.6 - 22.8) in patients with HTN, and 23.9% (95% CI 19.4 - 28.4) in patients with DM2. The most common stages were 1 and 2 with 41.5% and 48%, respectively. Factors associated with CKD in the adjusted analysis were: age in years (PR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.01 - 1.04), DM2 (PR = 3.37, 95% CI 1.09 - 10.39), HTN plus DM2 (PR = 3.90, 95% CI 1.54 - 9.88), and uric acid from 5 to <7 mg/dL (PR = 2.04, 95% CI 1.31 - 3.19) and ≥7 mg/dL (PR = 5.19, 95% CI 3.32 - 8.11). CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of CKD in the primary care setting population was high. CKD is more frequent in the early stages of the disease, and individuals with hypertension, DM2, older age and hyperuricemia have higher prevalence of CKD.
Assuntos
Atenção Primária à Saúde/tendências , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/epidemiologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peru/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/terapia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
El hipotiroidismo primario por tiroiditis crónica autoinmune es raro en niños menores de tres años. Presentamos una niña de dos años cuyos síntomas de hipotiroidismo aparecieron a los 18 meses de vida: estancamiento pondoestatural y retraso en la adquisición del lenguaje. El tratamiento con levotiroxina ha normalizado rápidamente el crecimiento, el lenguaje y los valores analíticos. Destacamos la importancia de realizar un diagnóstico y un tratamiento precoces, incluyendo el estudio de la función tiroidea dentro de la batería de pruebas de un niño con fallo de medro. El tratamiento precoz sirve para prevenir déficits neurológicos o de crecimiento irreversibles (AU)
Primary hypothyroidism caused by chronic autoiummune thyroiditis is rare before the age of three years. We report the case of a two-year-old girl who presented symptoms of hypothyroidism at eighteen months of age: poor growth and delayed language development. Treatment wih thyroxine resulted in a markedly normalization of growth, language and laboratory data. We emphasize the importance of getting to a diagnosis and treatment as early as possible, including study of thyroid function in young infants with delayed growth. Early treatment is necessary to prevent irreversible neurological and growth deficits (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Hipotireoidismo/complicações , Hipotireoidismo/diagnóstico , Tiroxina/administração & dosagem , Tiroxina/uso terapêutico , Tireoidite Autoimune/complicações , Tireoidite Autoimune/diagnóstico , Tireoidite Autoimune/tratamento farmacológico , Diagnóstico Precoce , Hipotireoidismo/tratamento farmacológico , Hipotireoidismo/fisiopatologia , Desenvolvimento da Linguagem , Transtornos do Desenvolvimento da Linguagem/complicações , Transtornos da Linguagem/complicações , Tireoidite Autoimune/fisiopatologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Audiometria/métodos , Audiometria da Fala/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The best way to reduce endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) complications is not to perform it if it is unnecessary. Both intraoperative and postoperative ERCP rely on use of intraoperative cholangiography as a final diagnostic test for choledocholithiasis (CLD) whenever clinical data are unable to rule out CLD. Intraoperative ERCP could become a therapeutic option when a previous preoperative ERCP fails. We present our experience with intraoperative ERCP. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a descriptive and prospective study of a cohort of 82 patients with moderate risk of CLD. They were operated on by laparoscopic cholecystectomy with intraoperative cholangiography (IOC). We performed intraoperative ERCP using the rendezvous technique. RESULTS: Thirty-six out of 82 patients had an abnormal IOC study. Mean age was 58.7 years (standard deviation, SD 16.6, 25-83 years), and 60.6% were females. Ultrasound study showed that 51.4% of patients had a dilated bile duct. Magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) was performed on three patients (8.3%). The success rate of intraoperative ERCP was 88.2%. Three out of the 36 patients (8.8%) had ERCP complications [2 mild papillary bleeding (5.8%), 1 acute pancreatitis (2.9%)]. The rate of conversion to open surgery was 5% with a surgical complications rate of 4% [one injured duct and two surgical bleeding which required re-operation (2.5%)]. There were no mortalities. Four patients (11.1%) needed post-surgical ERCP, with a residual CLD rate of 5.6% (two patients) in the postoperative period. Mean surgical time was 181 min (SD 60, 75-345 min). Mean hospital stay was 6.2 days (SD 4.7, 2-24 days). CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative ERCP is an option to prevent performing ERCP unnecessarily on patients with moderate risk of CLD not confirmed using appropriate radiological studies. It can resolve the biliary disease in a single step with a similar success rate to standard ERCP, but with low morbidity, especially of acute pancreatitis. The residual CLD rate is also very low.
Assuntos
Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica/métodos , Coledocolitíase/cirurgia , Vesícula Biliar/cirurgia , Cuidados Intraoperatórios/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Perda Sanguínea Cirúrgica , Coledocolitíase/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Laparoscopia/métodos , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Espanha , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: An ideal treatment for choledocholithiasis in the laparoscopic era has not been established. The objective of this study was to elucidate whether a treatment strategy of performing intraoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) during laparascopic cholecystectomy (when choledocholithiasis is confirmed by intraoperative cholangiography) is better for patients with suspected common bile duct stones than the current strategy (preoperative ERCP followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a prospective randomized study to evaluate which of these two approaches was most benefit- and cost-effective for patients with intermediate risk of choledocholithiasis. Patients underwent either preoperative ERCP followed by a laparoscopic cholecystectomy a few weeks later (the "preoperative ERCP" group) or intraoperative ERCP (the "intraoperative ERCP" group). Intraoperative ERCP was performed using the rendezvous technique. RESULTS: There were 64 patients in the preoperative ERCP group and 59 patients in the intraoperative ERCP group. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the two groups were similar, except that the bilirubin and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels and the number of patients treated on an inpatient basis were higher in the preoperative ERCP group. Success rates were similar (96.6 % in the preoperative ERCP group vs. 90.2 % in the intraoperative ERCP group in the per-protocol study). Total morbidity, post-ERCP morbidity, and post-ERCP acute pancreatitis rates were higher in the preoperative ERCP group, but there were no differences between the two groups in the frequency of residual common bile duct stones, the conversion rate to open cholecystectomy, or surgical morbidity. The length of hospital stay and costs were lower in the intraoperative ERCP group despite the longer surgical times in this group. Univariate analysis did not find any relationship between morbidity and total bilirubin or GGT. Logistic regression analysis confirmed that morbidity was related only to the treatment group and the time spent in the operating room: the relative risk (RR) was 4.37 for morbidity and 1.015 for the time spent in the operating room); the RR for papillotomy was 5.49. CONCLUSIONS: Both treatment approaches were equally effective but the intraoperative ERCP group had less morbidity, a shorter hospital stay, and reduced costs. The lower morbidity in the intraoperative ERCP group resulted from the lower rate of papillotomy and lower rates of post-ERCP pancreatitis and cholecystitis. Total morbidity was principally related to the type of treatment approach used.
Assuntos
Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica/métodos , Colelitíase/diagnóstico , Colelitíase/cirurgia , Coledocolitíase/complicações , Coledocolitíase/cirurgia , Colelitíase/complicações , Humanos , Período Intraoperatório , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The addition of calcipotriol ointment to PUVA therapy for psoriasis vulgaris results in a lower total UVA dose and a faster onset of response. The addition of calcipotriol cream to PUVA, however, has not been studied. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether combining calcipotriol cream with PUVA therapy has a UVA sparing effect. METHODS: We performed a randomized, multicentre, vehicle-controlled, double-blind, 12-week comparative study including 120 patients with psoriasis covering 20-50% body surface area. The study consisted of a washout phase followed by a 10-week treatment phase. PUVA therapy three times weekly was added within 1 week after randomization. Efficacy was assessed by the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). RESULTS: At baseline the mean PASI scores were 17.5 and 19.2 in the calcipotriol and vehicle (placebo) groups, respectively. At the end of treatment, the mean PASI scores were 2.65 and 7.03 (p<0.01), respectively. A reduction in PASI score >90% was observed in 69% of the patients in the calcipotriol-treated group and in 36.4% of the patients in the vehicle group (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Calcipotriol cream plus PUVA clearly reduces the cumulative dose of UVA and improves the response of psoriasis vulgaris to PUVA.
Assuntos
Calcitriol/análogos & derivados , Calcitriol/administração & dosagem , Fármacos Dermatológicos/administração & dosagem , Psoríase/tratamento farmacológico , Administração Cutânea , Adulto , Terapia Combinada , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Terapia PUVA , Psoríase/patologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Espanha , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars has been difficult and a recent French study showed that bleomycin has been useful in the treatment of these lesions. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness and safety of bleomycin in the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids when this drug is administered through multiple superficial punctures. METHODS: We applied bleomycin to keloids and hypertrophic scars in 13 patients using a multiple-puncture method on the surface of the skin. All patients were given bleomycin at a concentration of 1.5 IU/ml. Clinical response after treatment was classified according to the following scale: complete flattening (100%), highly significant flattening (>90%), or significant flattening (75-90%). RESULTS: The clinical response was very positive in all cases: complete flattening in six cases, highly significant flattening in six cases, and significant flattening in one case. Two patients presented a recurrence as a small nodule 10 and 12 months after the last infiltration. CONCLUSIONS: These clinical findings show that administration of bleomycin in keloids and hypertrophic scars shows promise and needs further investigation.
Assuntos
Bleomicina/administração & dosagem , Cicatriz Hipertrófica/tratamento farmacológico , Queloide/tratamento farmacológico , Adolescente , Adulto , Cicatriz Hipertrófica/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Queloide/patologia , Masculino , Agulhas , Punções/métodosRESUMO
Realizamos una revisión de los principales agentes utilizados en el tratamiento de la pediculosis, sarna y leishmaniasis.Actualmente constituyen el tratamiento de elección tanto para la pediculosis como para la sarna las piretrinas y sus derivados sintéticos (permetrina tópica) y además para la escabiosis la ivermectina oral (200 µg/kg). Revisamos los principales trabajos que demuestran su eficacia, superioridad y seguridad. Finalmente, hacemos una revisión del tratamiento de las leishmaniasis. El antimonio pentavalente continúa siendo el fármaco de elección. Otros productos empleados son: pentamidina, sulfato de paramomicina, alopurinol, ketoconazol e itraconazol y más recientemente anfotericina liposomal (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Infestações por Piolhos/tratamento farmacológico , Infestações por Ácaros/tratamento farmacológico , Leishmaniose/tratamento farmacológico , Resultado do Tratamento , Antimônio/farmacologia , Pentamidina/farmacologia , Alopurinol/farmacologia , Piretrinas/farmacologia , Administração Tópica , Cetoconazol/farmacologia , Itraconazol/farmacologia , Anfotericina B , Inseticidas Organoclorados/farmacologia , Ivermectina/farmacologia , Carbamatos/farmacologiaRESUMO
CD24 or Nectadrin is a cell surface glycoprotein expressed in pre-B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, neurons, muscle cells and carcinoma cells. Its function is not completely known, but it has been suggested that it is involved in cell adhesion and signalling. CD24 has recently been identified as the human molecule homologous to the murine heat-stable antigen (HSA). HSA is expressed by murine keratinocytes and delivers costimulatory signals in T-cell activation. Long-term cultures of normal human keratinocytes (HKC) were obtained from skin of human female breast sections and either left untreated or were treated with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) at 10-100 ng/ml, calcium 0.5-2 mM or IFN-gamma 100-1000 U/ml, for 24-48 h. Using RT-PCR and flow cytometry we showed that HKC express low levels of CD24 even under basal conditions, and the treatment with calcium, PMA or IFN-gamma increased levels of CD24 mRNA and protein. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to measure CD24 expression and production by cultured HKC in basal conditions and after stimulation. Further studies are needed to determine biological and therapeutical relevance of these findings.
Assuntos
Antígenos CD/biossíntese , Queratinócitos/imunologia , Glicoproteínas de Membrana , Antígenos CD/imunologia , Antígeno CD24 , Células Cultivadas , Feminino , Citometria de Fluxo , Humanos , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of social determinants which are characteristics of balanced (functional) and extreme (dysfunctional) families regarding cohesion and flexibility dimensions. DESIGN: Observational, randomised survey. SETTING: Dr. José Castro Villagrana Primary Care Centre, Health Ministry, Mexico. PATIENTS: 270 randomised families of Tlalpan, Mexico City, who answered FACES III. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Using discriminant analysis statistical technique, 15 independent variables (social, demographic and familiar determinants) and two dependent variables (balanced and extreme types of families) were analysed and related with cohesion and adaptability dimensions. CONCLUSION: There is accordance of these results with others which were obtained using different family assessment instruments like Family Apgar. However using FACES III and Circumplex Model the analysis of variable's interaction were possible.
Assuntos
Família , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Análise Discriminante , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Características da Família , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
There are several syndromes in which neurological and cutaneous alterations of vascular origin, among other symptoms, occur. The key point of this fact is that these cutaneous signs permit early diagnosis, thus helping in further recognition of more complex syndromes and preventing unnecessary, harmful and costly diagnostic procedures or having to wait until the appearance of neurological signs. Therefore, these diseases should be classified attending to the most notorious vascular lesions they show, though they may show other less frequent cutaneous vascular lesions. In this way, these syndromes can be classified as associated with nevus flammeus (Sturge-Weber, Shapiro-Shulman, Bonnet-Dechaume-Blanc, Cobb, Klippel-Trenaunay, Fegeler, Robert), cavernous hemangiomas (Maffucci, blue-rubber-bleb-nevus, Proteus, Bannayan-Zonana, Riley-Smith, familial cavernous angiomatosis, POEMS syndrome), capillary hemangiomas (Rubinstein-Tayabi, Coffin-Siris, PHACE syndrome), telangiectasia (congenital telangiectatic cutis marmorata, Rendu-Osler-Weber, ataxia telangiectasia, Cockayne, De Sanctis-Cacchione), livedo reticularis (Sneddon, Divry-van-Bogaert), angioqueratoma (Fabry disease, Fucosidosis) and hemangioblastoma (Von Hippel-Lindau). Though we have tried that these vascular lesions should be named as angiomas if they are malformations and hemangiomas if they are benign neoplasias, they are called following morphological aspects rather than other criteria, due to their unknown origin.
Assuntos
Dermatopatias Vasculares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/complicações , Neoplasias Faciais/complicações , Hemangioma/complicações , Humanos , Dermatopatias Vasculares/complicações , SíndromeRESUMO
Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a methylxanthine derivative used in a wide range of dermatoses. As well as its hemorrheologic activity, PTX has anti-inflammatory properties. Buflomedil chlorhydrate (BC) is another hemorrheological drug with peripheral vasodilatory action, whose clinical uses are similar to those of PTX. Both drugs increase intracellular levels of cAMP, either secondary to phosphodiesterase inhibition (PTX) or adenyl-cyclase stimulation (BC). Long-term cultures of normal human keratinocytes were prepared in a free-serum medium, and stimulated with 1 mg/ml of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA) and PTX or BC (100-1000 micrograms/ml). Levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-8 and TGF-beta 1 using ELISA and Northern blot or RT-PCR techniques were measured. TPA-induced TNF-alpha and IL-8 release from keratinocytes. TPA did not induce IL-1 alpha or IL-1 beta release of keratinocytes. TPA increased RNA expression of the TNF-alpha, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-8 and TGF-beta 1. BC diminished TPA-induced TNF-alpha and IL-8 release from keratinocytes; in the case of IL-8 it is possible that this inhibition occur to transcriptional level. Moreover PTX was unable to inhibit TNF-alpha and IL-8 synthesis and expression. PTX and BC reduced TPA-induced IL-1 alpha and beta expression. It is possible that BC action is specifically exerted on keratinocytes, because we did not find similar results with TNF-alpha and IL-8 synthesis in mononuclear peripheral blood cells.
Assuntos
Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Interleucina-8/genética , Queratinócitos/metabolismo , Pentoxifilina/farmacologia , Pirrolidinas/farmacologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Células Cultivadas , Citocinas/biossíntese , Citocinas/efeitos dos fármacos , Citocinas/genética , Feminino , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/fisiologia , Humanos , Interleucina-1/biossíntese , Interleucina-1/genética , Queratinócitos/citologia , Queratinócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Leucócitos Mononucleares/efeitos dos fármacos , Leucócitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Acetato de Tetradecanoilforbol/farmacologia , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Extracts from the rhyzome of Curcuma longa are widely used as food additives in India and other Asiatic and Central American countries. It has been shown that these extracts ("turmeric"), as well as "curcumin" and related phenolic compounds isolated from Curcuma, have a powerful antioxidant action when tested in in vitro systems. Moreover, previous research from our laboratories has shown significant decreases in the levels of lipid peroxides in the blood of both mice and human subjects administered "turmeric." Our present research complements the previous data, showing that a daily intake of turmeric equivalent to 20 mg of the phenolic antioxidant curcumin for 60 days decreases the high levels of peroxidation of both the HDL and the LDL, in vivo, in 30 healthy volunteers ranging in age from 40 to 90 years. The effect was quite striking in the persons with high baseline values of peroxidized compounds in these lipoproteins, while no apparent change took place in the persons having low baseline values. In view of current concepts on the atherogenic role played by peroxidized HDL, and especially by peroxidized LDL, as inducers of foam and smooth cell proliferation in the arterial wall, this preliminary experiment suggests that the Curcuma phenolic antioxidants, because of their high antioxidant activity and lack of toxicity, might be a useful complement to standard hypo-lipidemic drugs in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
RESUMO
The urocanic acid cis isomer (cis-UCA) is a possible cutaneous photoreceptor for the immunomodulatory phenomena that follow ultraviolet B irradiation. Several experiments in animals show an inhibitory action of cis-UCA on cellular immunity. However, the action of cis-UCA on the synthesis of cytokines in keratinocytes remains unknown. Long-term cultures of normal human keratiocytes were prepared in a serum-free medium, and stimulated with 1 microgram/ml of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA) and UCA or UVB-UCA (10-100 micrograms/ml). Synthesis of the following cytokines was measured using ELISA and Northern blot techniques: TNF-alpha, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8 and TGF-beta 1. TPA increased TNF-alpha protein levels in culture supernatants. No changes in Il-1 alpha and IL-1 beta protein levels were detected in basal culture supernatant after TPA stimulus. TPA augmented RNA expression for TNF-alpha, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta and TGF-beta 1. UCA isomers did not induce cytokine changes in protein synthesis. Expression of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta genes was increased after exposure to 100 micrograms/ml UVB-UCA (70 micrograms/ml cis-UCA). A slight increase in TNF-alpha RNA expression was detected when the dose of UVB-UCA reached 100 micrograms/ml. No effects on cytokine synthesis were found after UCA stimulus. These results suggest that low doses of cis-UCA do not effect cytokine synthesis by keratinocytes.
Assuntos
Citocinas/biossíntese , Queratinócitos/imunologia , Pele/citologia , Raios Ultravioleta , Ácido Urocânico/farmacologia , Mama , Células Cultivadas , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Humanos , Interleucina-1/biossíntese , Interleucina-6/biossíntese , Interleucina-8/biossíntese , Queratinócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Queratinócitos/efeitos da radiação , Cinética , Estereoisomerismo , Acetato de Tetradecanoilforbol , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/biossínteseRESUMO
Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a life-threatening disease, the pathogenesis of which remains largely unknown. We describe a 23-year-old woman under treatment with clobazam who developed lesions of TEN in light-exposed areas. Patch and photopatch tests with clobazam were negative. The cellular phenotype and cytokines were studied in blister fluid. The cellular infiltrate was composed mainly of T lymphocytes with a predominant cytotoxic phenotype. There was an increase in the level of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in blister fluid compared with the control (a patient with bullous pemphigoid).
Assuntos
Alopecia em Áreas/tratamento farmacológico , Ansiolíticos/efeitos adversos , Benzodiazepinas , Benzodiazepinonas/efeitos adversos , Transtornos de Fotossensibilidade/induzido quimicamente , Síndrome de Stevens-Johnson/etiologia , Adulto , Alopecia em Áreas/imunologia , Alopecia em Áreas/patologia , Clobazam , Exsudatos e Transudatos/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Transtornos de Fotossensibilidade/imunologia , Transtornos de Fotossensibilidade/patologia , Pele/patologia , Síndrome de Stevens-Johnson/imunologia , Síndrome de Stevens-Johnson/patologia , Linfócitos T Citotóxicos/imunologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
We report two patients initially diagnosed as having steatocystoma multiplex (SM). Other cysts showed characteristics of eruptive vellus hair cyst (EVHC). More than 30 and 14 cysts, respectively, were removed with histological hybrid characteristics of SM and EVHC. This suggests that SM and EVCH are two closely related entities, which represent a naevoid malformation in the area where the sebaceous duct and hair follicle meet.