Exploring the relationship between admixture and genetic susceptibility to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in two Latin American cohorts.

Contemporary research on the genomics of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often underrepresents admixed populations of diverse genomic ancestries, such as Latin Americans. This study explores the relationship between admixture and genetic associations for ADHD in Colombian and Mexican cohorts. Some 546 participants in two groups, ADHD and Control, were genotyped with Infinium PsychArray®. Global ancestry levels were estimated using overall admixture proportions and principal component analysis, while local ancestry was determined using a method to estimate ancestral components along the genome. Genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) was conducted to identify significant associations. Differences between Colombia and Mexico were evaluated using appropriate statistical tests. 354 Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and Single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) related to some genes and intergenic regions exhibited suggestive significance (p-value < 5*10e-5) in the GWAS. None of the variants revealed genome-wide significance (p-value < 5*10e-8). The study identified a significant relationship between risk SNPs and the European component of admixture, notably observed in the LOC105379109 gene. Despite differences in risk association loci, such as FOXP2, our findings suggest a possible homogeneity in genetic variation's impact on ADHD between Colombian and Mexican populations. Current reference datasets for ADHD predominantly consist of samples with high European ancestry, underscoring the need for further research to enhance the representation of reference populations and improve the identification of ADHD risk traits in Latin Americans.

Differences in Executive Functions applied to memory processes in people with Migraine: a Cross-Sectional Study / Diferencias en Funciones Ejecutivas aplicados a procesos de memoria en personas con migraña: estudio transversal

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to identify differences in memory processes and the role of executive functions in memory, in people with migraine and in a control group. Neuropsychological evaluation was made in one session on 63 participants distributed into interictal migraine -with-aura (n = 24), interictal migraine-without-aura (n = 16) and control (n = 23) groups. ANOVAs on the individual tasks revealed statistically significant differences between groups on Rey-Osterrieth direct and percentile copy strategy and recall (both p < 0.001). Differences were identified between control and migraine groups in performance on the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure, but not on other memory tasks, suggesting the existence of brain dysfunctions in people with migraine affecting organizational and planning abilities that are necessary for visual memory.

El objetivo de este estudio transversal fue identificar posibles diferencias en los procesos de memoria y el rol de las funciones ejecutivas que se requieren para dicho proceso, en personas con diagnóstico de migraña y un grupo control. La evaluación neuropsicológica se realizó en una sesión en 63 participantes distribuidos en grupos de migraña con aura (n = 24) y sin aura (n = 16) -ambos grupos en periodo interictal-y un grupo control (n = 23). El análisis de varianza en las pruebas individuales realizadas identifica una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los grupos en las estrategias de recobro y copia de la ejecución directa y percentil de la prueba de Figura compleja de Rey Osterrieth (p < 0.001). Las diferencias entre los grupos migraña y el control en la Figura compleja de Rey Osterrieth, pero no en las otras pruebas de memoria, sugieren la existencia de una posible disfunción cerebral en personas con migraña que afecta las habilidades de organización y planeación necesarias para la memoria visual.