Necessidades Físicas, Emocionais e Socioeconômicas no Pós-tratamento do Câncer de Cabeça e Pescoço: um Estudo Qualitativo / Physical, Emotional and Socioeconomic Needs in the Post-Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer: a Qualitative Study / 2Necesidades Físicas, Emocionales y Socioeconómicas en el Postratamiento del Cáncer de Cabeza y Cuello: un Estudio Cualitativo

Introdução: Os pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço constituem um grupo com necessidades complexas pouco estudadas na fase de pós-tratamento. Objetivo: Compreender a experiência e as necessidades da fase de sobrevivência ao câncer de cabeça e pescoço a partir da perspectiva dos próprios pacientes, seus familiares, e profissionais de saúde de serviços de oncologia. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória descritiva, tendo como referencial metodológico a hermenêutica-dialética. Adotaram-se, como técnicas de produção de dados, a entrevista semiestruturada e o grupo focal. Resultados: O material empírico foi organizado em três categorias de necessidades físicas, emocionais e socioeconômicas e estruturado em três abrangentes sentidos envolvendo as consequências do impacto biológico, psíquico e socioeconômico da doença e seu tratamento. Destacam-se, para o primeiro, os aspectos relativos às adaptações do hábito alimentar, comunicação e manejo dos efeitos do tratamento; o apoio emocional para pacientes e familiares no segundo; e as informações sobre benefícios sociais para o terceiro. Conclusão: As necessidades físicas, emocionais e socioeconômicas da doença e seu tratamento se entrelaçam para formar uma complexa rede de desafios para as políticas públicas de controle do câncer no Brasil

Introduction: Head and neck cancer patients are a group with complex needs barely studied in the post-treatment phase. Objective: To understand the experience and needs of the head and neck cancer survival phase from the perspective of the patients themselves, their families, and health professionals from oncology services. Method: Qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive study, using the hermeneutic-dialectic methodological framework. Semi-structured interviews and focus group were adopted as data production techniques. Results: The empirical material was organized into three categories of needs physical, emotional and socioeconomic and structured in three broad senses involving the consequences of the biological, psychological, and socioeconomic impact of the disease and its treatment. The aspects related to the adaptations of eating habits, communication and management of the treatment effects stand out for the first; emotional support for patients and families in the second, and information about social benefits for the third impact. Conclusion: The physical, emotional, and socioeconomic needs of the disease and its treatment are intertwined to form a complex network of challenges for public cancer control policies in Brazil

Introducción: Los pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello son un grupo con necesidades complejas poco estudiadas en la fase postratamiento. Objetivo: Conocer la experiencia y necesidades de la fase de supervivencia del cáncer de cabeza y cuello desde la perspectiva de los propios pacientes, sus familias y los profesionales sanitarios de los servicios de oncología. Método: Investigación cualitativa, exploratoria y descriptiva, utilizando el marco metodológico hermenéutico-dialéctico. Se adoptaron las entrevistas semiestructuradas y el grupo focal como técnicas de producción de datos. Resultados: El material empírico se organizó en tres categorías de necesidades físicas, emocionales y socioeconómicas y estructurado en tres amplios sentidos que involucran las consecuencias del impacto biológico, psicológico y socioeconómico de la enfermedad y su tratamiento. Los aspectos relacionados con la adaptación de los hábitos alimentarios, la comunicación y el manejo de los efectos del tratamiento destacan por el primero; apoyo emocional a pacientes y familiares en el segundo; e información sobre beneficios sociales para el tercero. Conclusión: Las necesidades físicas, emocionales y socioeconómicas de la enfermedad y su tratamiento se entrelazan para formar una compleja red de desafíos para las políticas públicas de control del cáncer en Brasil

Necessidades dos sobreviventes ao câncer de cabeça e Pescoço: um estudo qualitativo de casos no município do Rio de Janeiro / Needs of head and neck cancer survivors: a qualitative study at Rio de Janeiro

Este estudo descreve as necessidades dos sobreviventes ao câncer de cabeçae pescoço sob a perspectiva dos próprios sobreviventes, de seus familiares, de enfermeiros oncológicos e de gestores de serviços de oncologia. Teoricamente, assume-se o paradigma em construção da sobrevivência ampliada, o qual extrapola o critério temporal de definição de sobrevida, centrando-se na qualidade de vida do sobrevivente. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória descritiva. Tendo como referencial metodológico a hermenêutica dialética, adotou-se como técnicas de produção de dados a entrevista semiestruturada e o grupo focal. A categorização do material empírico apontou três abrangentes sentidos: necessidades como consequências do impactobiológico da doença e seu tratamento; necessidades como consequências doimpacto psíquico da doença e seu tratamento; necessidades comoconsequências do impacto socioeconômico da doença e seu tratamento

Needs of head and neck cancer This study describes the needs of survivors of head and neck cancer from yours perspectives, their families, oncology nurses and oncology services managers. Theoretically, it is assumed the paradigm in construction increased survival, which extrapolates the time criterion of survival setting, focusing on Survivor quality of life. This is a qualitative, descriptive exploratory. The methodological framework hermenêutica- dialectics, was adopted as data production techniques to semi-structured interviews and focus groups. The categorization of empirical data identified three broad directions: needs as consequences of the biological impact of the disease and its treatment; needs as consequences of psychological impact of the disease and its treatment; needs as consequences of socio-economic impact of the disease and its treatment

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy and duodenal stenting in patients with unresectable periampullary cancer: one-step procedure by using linear echoendoscope.

OBJECTIVE: Describe a case series of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided choledochoduodenostomy (EUS-CD) associated with duodenal self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) placement using solely the linear echoendoscope in seven patients with obstructive jaundice and duodenal obstruction due to unresectable periampullary cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: EUS-CD in the first portion of the duodenum, associated with duodenal SEMS placement was performed in seven patients with unresectable periampullary cancer with obstructive jaundice and invasive duodenal obstruction. Laboratory tests and clinical follow-up were performed until patient's death. The procedure was performed by an experienced endoscopist under conscious sedation. The puncture position was chosen based on EUS evaluation, at the common bile duct (CBD) above the tumor, through the distal part of the duodenal bulb. After that, the needle was withdrawn and a wire-guided needle knife was used to enlarge the site puncture in the duodenal wall. Then, a partially covered SEMS was passed over the guide, through the choledochoduodenal fistula. Duodenal SEMS placement was performed during the same endoscopic procedure. RESULTS: The procedure was performed in seven patients, ranging between 34 and 86 years. Technical success of EUS-CD, by the stent placement, occurred in 100% of the cases. There were no early complications. Duodenal SEMS placement was effective in 100% of the cases that remained alive after a follow-up of 7 and 30 days. CONCLUSION: The results suggest therapeutic EUS one-step procedure drainage as an alternative for these patients, with good clinical success, feasible technique and safety.

Biliary drainage in patients with unresectable, malignant obstruction where ERCP fails: endoscopic ultrasonography-guided choledochoduodenostomy versus percutaneous drainage.

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography may fail because of malignant involvement of the second portion of the duodenum and the major papilla. Alternatives include percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) or surgical bypass. Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided choledochoduodenostomy (EUS-CD) has been reported as an alternative. OBJECTIVE: To prospectively compare EUS-CD and PTBD in patients with unresectable malignant biliary obstruction. DESIGN: Prospective and randomized study. SETTING: Tertiary center. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Success and efficacy comparison EUS-CD with PTBD. RESULTS: Twenty-five subjects were randomized (13 EUS-CD and 12 PTBD). Mean age was 67 years (SD, 11.9). The 2 groups were similar before intervention in terms of quality of life [EUS-CD (58.3) vs. PTBD (57.8); P=0.78], total bilirubin (16.4 vs. 17.2; P=0.7), alkaline phosphatase (539 vs. 518; P=0.7), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (554.3 vs. 743.5; P=0.56). All procedures were technically and clinically successful in both groups. At 7-day follow-up there was a significant reduction in total bilirubin in both the groups (EUS-CD, 16.4 to 3.3; P=0.002 and PTBD, 17.2 to 3.8; P=0.01), although no difference was noted comparing the 2 groups (EUS-CD to PTBD; 3.3 vs. 3.8; P=0.2). There was no difference between the complication rates in the 2 groups (P=0.44), EUS-CD (2/13; 15.3%) and PTBD (3/12; 25%). Costs were similar in the 2 groups also ($5673-EUS-CD vs. $7570-PTBD; P=0.39). LIMITATIONS: Small sample size and single center study. CONCLUSIONS: EUS-CD can be an effective and safe alternative to PTBD with similar success, complication rate, cost, and quality of life.

EUS-guided biliary drainage: a Latin American experience / Drenagem biliar eco-guiada: experiência latino-americana

Our team was the firstly to perform an EUS biliary and pancreatic drainage in Latin america. When distal biliary obstruction (pancreatic and papillary lesions) occurs, EUS-guided fistulization between the common bile duct and duodenal bulb is an efficient and feasible strategy on achieving resolution of jaundice with low morbidity and mortality rates under experienced hands. EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy and coledochoduodenostomy are advanced procedures on biliary and pancreatic endoscopy and together make up the echo-guided biliary drainage. Hepaticogastrostomy is indicated in cases of hilar obstruction, while the procedure of choice is coledochoduodenostomy in distal lesions. Both procedures must be done only after unsucessfull ERCP. The indication of these procedures must be made under a multidisciplinary view while sharing information with the patient or legal guardian. This study was conducted from june 2007 until march 2010.

Nossa equipe foi a primeira a realizar drenagem pancreáticobiliar na América Latina. Na ocasião de obstrução distal (massas em cabeça de pâncreas e papila duodenal maior), a fistulização eco-guiada entre o colédoco médio e o bulbo duodenal é uma estratégia factível no alívio da icterícia e com baixa morbimortalidade em equipes experientes. A hepaticogastrostomia e coledocoduodenostomia ecoguiadas são procedimentos avançados na endoscopia bilio-pancreática e compõe em conjunto a drenagem biliar eco-guiada. A hepaticogastrostomia é indicada nos casos de obstrução hilar, enquanto a coledocoduodenostomia é procedimento de escolha nas lesões distais. Convém lembrar que a drenagem biliar eco-guiada deve ser a segunda opção depois da falha da colangiografia endoscópica retrógrada. A indicação destes procedimentos deve ter alcance multidisciplinar e compartilhar a informação com o paciente ou responsável legal. Este estudo foi realizado entre junho de 2007 até março de 2010.