Transcutaneous tibial neurostimulation and Solifenacin in urgent incontinence of postmenopausal women.

Symptoms of overactive bladder syndrome (OAB), including urinary incontinence, affect a person's quality of life and cause many personal, social and economic problems. Patients were randomly divided into three groups and received transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (cTTNS) with fixed parameters or with variable parameters (vTTNS) and Solifenacin drug. The main outcomes including quality of life questionnaire and OAB score and other secondary outcomes were evaluated before and after treatment for 6 weeks. ANOVA test did not show any significant difference between the three groups in quality of life score (p=0.672), OAB symptom score (p=0.159) and incontinence severity (p=0.422). The t-test demonstrated that the post treatment average quality of life score, OAB score, and incontinence severity were significantly different when compared with before treatment in all three groups (p < 0.05). All three methods were effective in treating symptoms of OAB. However, based on the clinical symptoms, cTTNS is recommended as a preferred and acceptable and safe strategy for the treatment of OAB in women over 50 years old.

Evaluation of Vitamin D Serum Levels in Pregnant Women with COVID-19 Compared with the Control Group in Pregnant Women: A Case-Control Study.

The findings of studies on serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D [25(OH) D] levels in pregnant women with or without coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were found to be controversial and inadequate. The present study was thus carried out at to fill the gap felt in this regard. In this case-control study, 63 pregnant women with singleton pregnancy who were infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and 62 pregnant women who were matched for gestational age and not infected by COVID-19 were examined. Based on clinical symptoms, the patients with COVID-19 were divided into three groups: mild, moderate, and severe. ELISA method was adopted to measure [25(OH) D] level. The [25(OH) D] means of 23.4 ± 9.2 ng/ml and 31.2 ± 0.15 ng/ml were noted in the case and control groups, respectively (p < 0.001). The [25(OH) D] level of lower than 30 ng/ml was observed in 43.5% of the control group (n = 27) and 71.4% of the case group (n = 45; p = 0.002). Multivariate linear regression analysis to match age, gestational age, [25(OH) D] supplement use, and number of pregnancies showed that [25(OH) D] mean in the case group is 8.2 units lower, compared to the control group (p < 0.001). The [25(OH) D] level in pregnant women with COVID-19 is lower, compared to non-infected pregnant women. However, there is no significant relationship between [25(OH) D] level and disease severity. A sufficient level of [25(OH) D] may protect pregnant women against COVID-19.

The effect of conjugated estrogens vaginal cream and a combined vaginal cream of vitamins D and E in the treatment of genitourinary syndrome.

Background and Aim: Genitourinary syndrome occurs due to a decrease in ovarian hormones; this can have a significant negative impact on women's interpersonal relationships and sexual function. The present study aimed at comparing the therapeutic effect of conjugated estrogens vaginal cream and a combined vaginal cream of vitamins D and E in the treatment of genitourinary syndrome in postmenopausal women. Methods: This study was conducted as a double-blind randomized clinical trial (RCT). As many as 64 postmenopausal women suffering from genitourinary syndrome were randomly divided into study and control groups. The study group was treated with a combined vaginal cream of vitamins D and E, and the control group was treated with conjugated estrogens vaginal creams for 12 weeks. The patients were visited at the beginning of being admitted, the fourth week, the 12th week, and four weeks after the treatment and their information was recorded by checklists and a sexual function questionnaire. The data were finally analyzed by SPSS-25 at a significant level of 0.05. Result: At four visits, libido, orgasm, and frequency of sexual intercourses, as well as vaginal symptoms such as burning, itching, dryness, and dyspareunia were improved in both groups (P <.05). However, there was no difference between the two groups in terms of the frequency of severity of these symptoms during the four visits (P >.05). Investigating the female sexual function index showed that using vitamin D and E vaginal creams, like the use of conjugated estrogens vaginal creams, improves sexual function in women (P <.01). Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded that the combined vaginal cream of vitamins D and E is a suitable alternative to vaginal estrogens in relieving the symptoms of genitourinary syndrome in postmenopausal women, especially those who are unable to use hormone therapy or have little compatibility with this therapy.

The value of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in predicting pregnancy outcome in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome and candidate for in vitro fertilization: A case-control study.

Background: Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) as a known complication in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) may occur following inducible fertility treatments such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) and can affect the sequels of these treatments. Objective: This study aimed to assess the effects of OHSS on pregnancy outcomes through IVF in women with PCOS. Also, we assessed the value of baseline sexual hormones to predict the pregnancy's success. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 180 consecutive women suffering from PCOS who were candidates for IVF at Fatemieh hospital in Hamadan, Iran, from May-July 2022. The women were assigned to the case group (with OHSS, n = 129) and the control group (without OHSS, n = 51). Measuring the sexual hormones was performed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent technique. Results: In the multivariable logistic regression model, OHSS could not predict the likelihood of clinical or chemical pregnancy following IVF. None of the baseline sexual hormones could predict the successful chemical or clinical pregnancy in PCOS women following IVF. Conclusion: OHSS may not influence IVF-related outcomes in PCOS women. The values of sexual hormones may not also determine the pointed outcome.

The relationship between perineal size and episiotomy during delivery.

Women have anatomically different perineal sizes. Different perineal sizes in primiparous women may be related to episiotomy and its consequences. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between perineal size and episiotomy during delivery. 376 primiparous women referred to Fatemieh Hospital in Hamadan with single pregnancies, in the first stage of labor, and with a gestational age of 37 weeks and more, out of which 372 participated in this study. Before entering the first stage of labor, they underwent perineal measurements, such as perineal body (PB), genital hiatus (GH), and anogenital area (AGD), in a forced position. Then, they were followed up for episiotomy and vaginal wall rupture until the end of the second stage of labor. Our outcome in this study was an episiotomy during delivery. The mean gestational age was 39.10±1.21 weeks, and the neonatal weight was 3107.37±42.39 g. 86.3% of women had an episiotomy, and 5.4% experienced perineal tear (laceration). Mean perineal size was 3.99±0.77, genital hiatus was 3.040±0.74, GH+PB was 7.39±1.05, and AGD was 8.49±1.22 cm. There was a statistically significant relationship between perineal body size episiotomy (P=0.011), GH+PB (P=0.003), AGD (P=0.017), neonatal birth weight (P=0.021), as well as grade 1 and 2 rupture (P<0.001). The size of GH+PB at the cut-off point of 6.25 cm and AGD at the cut-off point of 9.25 cm significantly increased the chance of performing an episiotomy. In primiparous women with a gestational age of 37 to 42 weeks, vaginal delivery, shorter perineum, vaginal hiatus, and anogenital distance significantly increased the likelihood of an episiotomy. On the other hand, performing an episiotomy significantly reduced grade 1 and 2 perineal tear rates.

Outcomes of Surgery with Vaginal Native Tissue for Posterior Vaginal Wall Prolapse Using a Special Technique.

There are several techniques for repairing prolapse in the posterior vaginal compartment, yet there is no general agreement on the best surgical procedure. This study was performed to investigate the outcomes of the common vaginal route technique for posterior vaginal wall prolapse repair in the first Iranian fellowship teaching center for female pelvic floor disorders. This prospective cohort study was performed on women with posterior vaginal wall prolapse with or without prolapse of other vaginal compartments who underwent surgery between 2014 and 2018 in a referral center for female pelvic floor disorders. A follow-up period of 12 months was considered. Patients subjected to the transvaginal technique by attachment of the rectovaginal fascia to the pericervical ring using vaginal native tissue were included. Among the 107 patients, the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 (PFDI-20) scores were 141.87 ± 34.48 and 100.87 ± 26.48 before and after surgery, respectively, showing the significant improvement of patient's symptoms after surgery in the 12-month follow-up. Comparing Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) results before and after surgery, a significant improvement in patients' conditions was seen at the 12-month follow-up. Based on the results of the present study, the surgical procedure of the rectovaginal fascia attachment to the pericervical ring in posterior vaginal wall prolapse repair seems an effective surgical intervention without significant morbidity in the short-term follow-up.

Patient Satisfaction and Symptoms Improvement in Women Using a Vginal Pessary for The Treatment of Pelvic Organ Prolapse.

Pelvic organ prolapse is a common complaint among older women. Vaginal pessary insertion is an appropriate treatment as a non-surgical method with few complications. This paper is a prospective observational study of 68 patients with pelvic organ prolapse that was carried out at the Imam Khomeini Hospital's Pelvic Floor clinic. The degree of pelvic organ prolapse was graded according to the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) System. For all patients, the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 (PFDI-20) questionnaire was completed before vaginal pessary insertion, and after approximately 6 months of treatment. After 6-8 months, we found out that vaginal discharge was significantly increased and the feeling of fullness in the vagina was significantly decreased. However, sexual dissatisfaction, the feeling of incomplete evacuation, fecal and urinary incontinence, frequent urination, and pain or discomfort in the genital region were not significantly different after using a pessary. Approximately half a year later, 96.7% of the women with a successful pessary fitting trial were satisfied and reported a significant improvement in symptoms. Further studies with larger sample size, a different type of pessary, and a longer follow-up duration are recommended to evaluate all the symptoms associated with pelvic organ prolapse and its treatment.

Frequency and causes of emergency hysterectomy along with vaginal delivery and caesarean section in Hamadan, Iran.

BACKGROUND: Emergency hysterectomy (peripartum) is a high-risk surgery that almost always is done in the treatment or prevention of severe and life-threatening bleeding that occurs after vaginal delivery or caesarean. OBJECTIVE: To compare the frequency and causes of emergency hysterectomy along with the vaginal delivery and caesarean section (CS). METHODS: The cross-sectional research was conducted on patients who underwent a peripartum hysterectomy from 2005 to 2015 at Fatemieh Hospital in Hamadan City, Iran. Data collection tools included a questionnaire about demographic features and factors associated with hysterectomy surgery. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 and by descriptive statistics, chi-square, paired t-test, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: The mean age of women was 33.4±5.09 years. In recent years, 37 cases of hysterectomy were reported, with the peak occurring in 2015. The highest prevalence of hysterectomy was associated with 28 (77.8%) women with a third pregnancy and second parity, while 32 cases (86.5) were related to those with no history of vaginal delivery, 15 (45.5%) were related to repeated CS and second repeated CS; 28 cases (75.7%) to those with no history of placenta previa; 21 cases (56.8) to the majority with the anterior placenta;, 33 cases (97.1%) to those with no over-distance of uterine; and 36 cases (97.3%) to those without a history of uterine myoma. Among 37 cases who had hysterectomy, placenta accreta was observed in 27 cases (77.1%), with placenta increta in three (8.1%) and placental attachment, including percreta, were seen in seven cases (18.9 %). CONCLUSION: The rate of hysterectomy in multiparous women (in their third or fourth pregnancy) was higher. The greatest cause of hysterectomy was related to attached placenta including accreta, uterus atony, a history of CS, multipara, and repeated CS. Therefore, due to the increase in the number of CSs in recent years, planning should be taken into account in order to encourage pregnant women for vaginal delivery.

Exploring perceptions of instructors about childbirth preparation training courses: A qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Childbirth preparation training courses on maternal and neonatal health increase awareness, and capability of pregnant women in overcoming fear and anxiety and managing labor pains. OBJECTIVE: To identify the affecting factors and barriers of these courses from the perspective of their instructors. METHODS: This qualitative study of the content analysis type, has been conducted on 16 certified teachers of the training courses of the Hamadan city in 2015. Data were collected by semi-structured in-depth interviews and were then analyzed by using MAXQDA10 application. RESULTS: Participants' experiences are indicated on three main themes including the objectives of the course, facilitators and barriers. The main objectives of the course were reported as to improve maternal and newborn health, promote natural childbirth and preparedness for parenting and breastfeeding. The main facilitators of the successful implementation include observing educational standards, strengthening the communication and relationship between mothers and staff, mobilization, and the role of instructor. The major barriers are reported as inadequate support from management system, insufficient intra-sector collaboration, poor attitude of obstetricians and physicians, inadequate access, theory-practice gap and not intended to labor naturally. CONCLUSION: The results of our study show that multiple factors are involved in the participation of pregnant women in antenatal classes. Promoting natural childbirth requires intra-sector and inter-sectoral collaboration, as well as the community participation.