Triclocarban-contaminated wastewater treatment by innovative hybrid moving entrapped bead activated sludge reactor (HyMER): Continuous performance and computational dynamic simulation analysis.

Triclocarban (TCC) has been used in consumer products and is a widespread contaminant in municipal wastewater treatment systems that ultimately accumulates in natural receiving water and soil. This work aims to apply an innovative hybrid moving entrapped bead activated sludge reactor (named "HyMER") that integrates entrapped TCC-degrading microbes and freely suspended activated sludge to treat TCC-contaminated wastewater. A previously isolated TCC-degrading bacterium (Pseudomonas fluorescens strain MC46, called MC46) and barium alginate entrapment were applied. The synthetic TCC-contaminated wastewater treatment (with TCC concentration of 10 mg/L) was performed using 20-cycle fed-batch reactor operation with feeding times of 12 and 24 h and cycle times of 13 and 25 h. The results indicated that the HyMER effectively reduced chemical oxygen demand by up to 80 and 95 % and TCC by up to 53 and 83 %, respectively, with feeding times of 12 and 24 h. Three TCC degradation intermediate products were found-3,4-dichloroaniline, 4-chloroaniline, and aniline. Scanning electron microscopic analysis revealed shorter cells and bacterial appendage development as cell adaptations against TCC and its intermediates. The live/dead assay indicated high survival of entrapped MC46 in toxic conditions, with up to 84 % viable cells. Based on computational fluid dynamic analysis, no entrapped cell agglomeration showed in the reactor, indicating the potential application of HyMER for real wastewater treatment. These results exhibit the feasibility of HyMER and its applicability for future toxic wastewater treatment.

Optimal variables estimation for energy reduction via a remote supervisory control: application to a counter-flow rotary dryer.

This research anatomizes an automatic mode control of a counter flow rotary dryer by variable speed drive technology, to control moisture content of product in an organic fertilizer drying process. Effects of rotary dryer cyclone blower and biogas blower were investigated on a fertilizer production by the 3k factorial experiment technique. Response surface methodology was employed to determine optimum variables. The multiple-response was revealed that the rotary dryer, the cyclone blower, and the biogas blower were 90 %, 48 %, and 92 %, respectively. These values were observed to make the system to consume electricity at the rate of 8.91 kW/h and the product moisture was observed at 18.90 % db. To inspect control system accuracy and accountability, the results obtained from the mathematical model was compared with the data from supervisory control and data acquisition system and with the data from real measurement also. The output responses were the electric power used and the product moisture obtained. The statistical investigation determined the optimization of energy usage.