Noninvasive Proximal Adhesive Restoration in the Treatment of Non-cavitated Interproximal Incipient Carious Lesions: A Case Report.

The noninvasive proximal adhesive restoration (NIPAR) technique is a noninvasive approach that utilizes a one-component universal adhesive for infiltration and a filled flowable resin for impermeable sealing. This technique offers several benefits. The noninvasive treatment approach is particularly significant in restorative dentistry, as it entails identifying and managing caries in their initial phases. The efficacy of the noninvasive proximal adhesive restoration technique is limited to non-cavitated lesions. In this case report, a 24-year-old male patient with no relevant medical conditions with a history of dental extractions and restorations visited the University of Geneva Dental School for a complete dental check-up. Orthopantomogram (OPG) and bitewing radiographs revealed multiple initial proximal caries in teeth # 37 (mesial), # 36 (mesial & distal), and # 35 (distal). In addition, DIAGNOcam (KaVo) was used as a diagnostic tool to establish proximal caries' progression. After discussing treatment options with the patient, a decision was made to treat the lesions at the enamel level using NIPAR.

Evaluation of Fluoride Release in Chitosan-Modified Glass Ionomer Cements.

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the influence of chitosan nanoparticles on the fluoride-releasing ability of 4 glass ionomer cement (GIC) through an in vitro analysis. METHODS: Four types of GIC (type II light cure universal restorative, type II universal restorative, GC Fuji VII, and type IX) were modified with nanochitosan particles; 10% chitosan was added to the glass ionomer liquid. Six specimens for each of the 4 groups were created, using expendable Teflon moulds. Discs of each type of GIC (n = 6) were immersed in deionised water at various time intervals. Electrodes selective for fluoride ions were employed to analyse the amount of released fluoride at 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. RESULTS: Chitosan-modified GICs showed greater fluoride release than conventional GICs at all time points. All samples showed an initial high release of fluoride that tapered off with time. The total amount of fluoride released increased from the 1st day to the 28th day on adding chitosan to all the 4 types of GIC. Amongst those, type IX high-strength posterior extra with chitosan released a considerably higher quantity of fluoride at all time intervals. CONCLUSIONS: In all the experimental groups, adding chitosan to the glass ionomer liquid had an accelerating effect on its fluoride-releasing property.

Female lip esthetic and its effect on facial attractiveness in Saudi Arabia.

AIM: The purpose of the present study was to determine opinions about beauty and attractiveness, to distinguish the rate of variables among gender and age groups, and to evaluate and determine the most attractive lip surface area (SA) and upper to lower lip ratio. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was performed in two phases: In phase 1, a set of 10 internet-based frontal facial images were used to generate 5 synthetic images that were distributed to participants, who were asked to choose the most and least attractive image. A total of 312 responses were received in this phase. In phase 2, the images that had been chosen in phase 1 were manipulated to reduce or augment the lip size. Five images had variable lip SA, and three had variable upper to lower lip ratio. A total of 687 responses were received in phase 2. RESULTS: The majority of respondents preferred a more natural lip SA, while in terms of upper to lower lip ratio, 1:2 was considered the most attractive ratio, and 2:1 the least attractive. CONCLUSION: The lips have a great impact on the perception of beauty. Age, gender, trends, and social media all play a role in determining what is considered to be the most attractive lip SA and upper to lower lip ratio. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The lip SA and upper to lower lip ratios determined in this study may provide guidelines for clinicians in the improvement of facial esthetics. Current trends and social media are the gold standard today regarding patient perception of beauty and esthetics.

Knowledge and Use of Caries Detection Methods among Dental Students and Dental Practitioners in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

AIM: Accurate detection and diagnosis of dental caries is an integral part of achieving adequate comprehensive dental care. Furthermore, the high prevalence of caries and generally poor oral health in Saudi Arabia is a public health concern. In addition to necessary preventive programs and awareness initiatives, understanding diagnostic practices plays an important role in garnering broad background knowledge regarding the routine diagnostic means utilized by our targeted respondents. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the methods of caries detection among dental students and dental practitioners in Riyadh using a cross-sectional observational study design. METHODS: The sample comprised 496 dental students, interns, postgraduate residents, general dental practitioners, specialists, and consultants from the Riyadh region of Saudi Arabia. A survey was designed to assess caries detection methods, risk assessment practices, and knowledge of advanced diagnostic methods. The responses were correlated with demographic and educational variables. Regression models were used to predict associations. RESULTS: 42.3% and 32.7% use sharp explorers in diagnosing caries always and most of the time, respectively. When conducting caries risk assessment practices, 64.4% was very likely to review the patient's medical history and lifestyle. In terms of knowledge of advanced diagnostic methods, 47.8% know "much" to "very much" about FOTI. The knowledge of advanced caries diagnostic methods and practices of advanced diagnostic methods were significantly positively correlated (r = 0.388, P < 0.001). Linear regression analysis indicated that higher experience (10+ years) was associated with higher knowledge regarding advanced caries diagnostic methods (ß = 0.27, P=0.009). The mean rank for risk assessment practices was significantly lower in GPs compared to consultants (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The use of traditional and invasive methods of caries detection is prevalent among our respondents, while the usage of advanced diagnostic methods is for the most part low. Therefore, we advocate for more minimally invasive approaches and as such encourage the practice and availability of advanced diagnostic methods.