Clinical Outcomes and Gingival Blood Flowmetry of Two Types of Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft for Root Coverage in Multiple Gingival Recessions: A Preliminary Study.

This randomized split-mouth preliminary clinical trial aimed to evaluate periodontal parameters and gingival blood flowmetry, comparing sites that received subepithelial connective tissue graft from the palate after deepithelialization (DE) or obtained with parallel incision (PI). Periodontal parameters were evaluated at baseline and 6 months postoperative. Gingival blood flows were analyzed by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) at baseline and 2, 7, and 14 days postoperative. Statistical and LDF analyses were performed with R version 3.5.1 and MATLAB software, and clinical parameters through ANOVA and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. LDF showed superior decrease in power spectral density (PSD) for DE after 2 days. After 7 days, PSD returned to initial values only for PI, and DE had not returned to the initial values by day 14. Despite major initial revascularization challenges for DE sites, both grafts promoted satisfactory root coverage in the treatment of multiple gingival recessions.

A Phthalocyanine Derivate Mouthwash to Gargling/Rinsing as an Option to Reduce Clinical Symptoms of COVID-19: Case Series.

AIM: This case series demonstrated that phthalocyanine derivate mouthwash is a promising alternative for reducing the viral load of SARS-CoV-2 and for clinical improvement of infected patients who presented mild and moderate symptoms. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to report a case series of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 that used the phthalocyanine derivate mouthwash to reduce clinical symptoms. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eight patients used 5mL of phthalocyanine derivate mouthwash gargling/rinsing for one minute, five times daily, over a fourteen day period. Two measurement scales were applied for each patient in different periods to verify sore throat - VAS - Visual Analogue Scale for Pain and the clinical conditions - PS - Performance Status. RESULTS: All patients presented a significant reduction in clinical symptoms with the use of the mouthwash for gargling/rinsing after few days of use, without hospitalization. CONCLUSION: The phthalocyanine derivate mouthwash protocol appears as a potential alternative for clinical improvement of COVID-19 infected patients. Daily use of this mouthwash rapidly reduced clinical symptoms such as sore throats, cough and mouth ulcers. Large, high-quality randomized controlled trials with larger sample size are necessary to confirm the effectiveness of this mouthwash protocol against COVID-19.

Late complications after root coverage with two types of subepithelial connective tissue grafts, clinical and histopathological evaluation: A prospective cohort study.

AIM: This prospective cohort study evaluated late complications (LC) on recipient sites comparing two types of connective tissue grafts (CTG). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants (n: 60) were treated with coronally advanced flap (CAF) plus CTG harvested by de-epithelialized technique (DE) (n:31) or two-parallel incision (PI) (n:29). Areas were evaluated to identify white discharge associated or not with gingival cul-de-sac. Patients were ordered in groups with (DE+and PI+) or without (DE- and PI-) LC. Biopsies for histopathological analysis in LC areas were proposed. RESULTS: Six cases exhibited LC, 5 in DE graft (DE+) and 1 in PI graft (PI+) group; 2 were diagnosed at 3 months postoperatively, 3 at 6 months and one at 12 months. The relative risk for LC was 1.7 times greater for DE graft (p: 0.01; CI: 1.10 to 2.72; RR>1). Differences were not observed for clinical outcomes after both types of CTGs (p > 0.05). Biopsies showed deep invagination of the epithelial lining suggesting cyst-like area/ cavity with keratin content and consolidated in fibrous connective tissue. After 24 months biopsied areas presented no recurrence of LC, in non-biopsied patients the clinical condition remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the limitations of this study, LC on recipient sites demonstrated no statistical difference between two types of CTG.

Acellular dermal matrix allograft versus free gingival graft: a histological evaluation and split-mouth randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: This split-mouth controlled randomized clinical trial evaluated clinical and histological results of acellular dermal matrix allograft (ADM) compared to autogenous free gingival graft (FGG) for keratinized tissue augmentation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-five patients with the absence or deficiency of keratinized tissue (50 sites) were treated with FGG (control group) and ADM (test group). Clinical parameters included keratinized tissue width (KTW) (primary outcome), soft tissue thickness (TT), recession depth (RD), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). Esthetic perception was evaluated by patients and by a calibrated periodontist using visual analog scale (VAS). Histological analysis included biopsies of five different patients from both test and control sites for each evaluation period (n = 25). The analysis included percentage of connective tissue components, epithelial luminal to basal surface ratio, tissue maturation, and presence of elastic fibers. Data were evaluated by ANOVA complemented by Tukey's tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS: After 6 months, PD and CAL demonstrated no differences between groups. ADM presented higher RD compared to FGG in all periods. Mean tissue shrinkage for control and test groups was 12.41 versus 55.7%. TT was inferior for ADM group compared to FGG. Esthetics perception by professional evaluation showed superior results for ADM. Histomorphometric analysis demonstrated higher percentage of cellularity, blood vessels, and epithelial luminal to basal surface ratio for FGG group. ADM group presented higher percentage of collagen fibers and inflammatory infiltrate. CONCLUSIONS: Both treatments resulted in improvement of clinical parameters, except for RD. ADM group presented more tissue shrinkage and delayed healing, confirmed histologically, but superior professional esthetic perception. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study added important clinical and histological data to contribute in the decision-making process between indication of FGG or ADM.

Bone Graft and Substitutes Associated with Titanium Dome for Vertical Bone Formation in Osseointegrated Implants: Histomorphometric Analysis in Dogs.

PURPOSE: This animal study investigated vertical bone formation (VBF) around implants and used histomorphometric analysis to compare different bone-filling materials associated with a massive titanium dome as a tissue barrier. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven dogs were submitted to surgical procedures with extraoral access to the lower edge of the mandible, and four implants were semi-inserted in each animal. Each implant received one treatment: autogenous bone with clot (AB), control clot (C), synthetic graft (Biogran [BG]), or xenograft (Bio-Oss [BO]). Massive titanium domes were stabilized over the implants. Histologic analysis was performed after 3 months, and quantitative aspects were evaluated in extraosseous and intraosseous threads on Image Pro-Plus software. RESULTS: VBF around implants exhibited significant values in AB compared with other groups. BG and BO presented statistical equivalency to AB and C in the apposition and filling of extraosseous threads. There was no difference between groups for parameters evaluated in intraosseous threads. CONCLUSION: The experimental model was valid for evaluation of VBF around implants placed in atrophic mandibles. Considering the limitations of this study, histomorphometric analysis evidenced better outcomes for group AB. Even though groups BG and BO presented worse outcomes than AB, they were slightly better compared with the control group.

Extrusão ortodôntica de dentes condenados para reconstrução da arquitetura óssea tridimensional previamente à instalação de implantes osseointegrados ­ Análise crítica da literatura / Orthodontic extrusion of hopeless teeth for reconstruction of three-dimensional bone architeture prior to dental implant placement ­ a critical analysis of literature

Objetivo: o objetivo desta revisão sistemática foi investigar se a condição periodontal do defeito ao redor de dentes condenados à extração, por meio de extrusão ortodôntica para reconstrução da arquitetura óssea previamente à instalação de implantes, influencia a qualidade estética final. Material e métodos: estudos relatando extrusão ortodôntica para extração de dentes e posterior instalação de implantes, acompanhados por diferentes períodos após a instalação das próteses, foram considerados elegíveis. A busca por artigos, a extração de dados e a avaliação da estética foram realizadas por examinadores independentes. A condição periodontal inicial foi classificada em tipos, a partir das radiografias iniciais presentes nos estudos: I) sem perda óssea; II) até 75%; III) até 50%; IV) até 25%; ou V) menos de 25% de inserção remanescente. A fotografia final dos casos foi analisada de acordo com o índice de estética rosa (IER). Resultados: a busca no PubMed e Scopus resultou em 453 artigos, dois quais 394 foram excluídos pelo título e 41 por não atender aos critérios de inclusão, restando 18 artigos analisados. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante no IER observado nos diferentes tipos de defeitos periodontais iniciais (Kruskal-Wallis, p=0,17). Conclusão: esses achados sugerem que a inserção residual existente previamente à extração de dentes por meio de extrusão ortodôntica não influencia a estética final do caso, devido à reconstrução dos tecidos gengival e ósseo, favorecendo o posicionamento ideal dos implantes.

Objective: the aim of this critical analysis of literature was to investigate if the periodontal status of defects surrounding hopeless teeth submitted to extraction by orthodontic extrusion prior to implant installation interfere at the final aesthetic outcome. Material and methods: studies describing this procedure followed by different periods after prosthesis installation were considered eligible. Search, data extraction and aesthetic evaluation were made by independent examiners. Inicial periodontal status was classified in types according inicial radiographs presented on studies: I) without bone loss; II) up to 75%; III) up to 50%; IV) up to 25%; or V) less than 25% remaining insertion. Cases' final photographs were evaluated according the pink aesthetics index (PAI). Results: the search in PubMed and Scopus resulted in 453 papers of which 394 were excluded by title and 41 for not fulfill the inclusion criteria, remaining 18 papers for analysis. No statistical significance difference on PAI was observed at different inicial periodontal defects (Kruskal-Wallis, p=0.17). Conclusion: these findings suggest that the residual insertion existent prior to tooth extraction through orthodontic extrusion do not influence the aesthetic outcome because of the reconstruction of the gingival and bone tissues, favoring an optimal site for implant positioning.

Planejamento multidisciplinar de implantes estéticos: procedimentos-chave / Essential factors in the multidisciplinary planning of an esthetics implants: key procedures: case report

Designada como um procedimento complexo, a reabilitação com implantes osseointegrados em áreas estéticas ainda é considerada um dos métodos mais difíceis de obter resultado satisfatório na Implantodontia. A perda óssea em decorrência da extração dentária implica em perda de tecido e, por conseguinte, no comprometimento da estética rosa do paciente. Assim, o planejamento abrange uma etapa fundamental no tratamento, determinando as melhores condutas a serem tomadas com a finalidade de devolver função e estética para o paciente. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as principais condutas de planejamento para instalação de implantes unitários em zona estética e relatar um caso clínico mostrando os procedimentos-chave para obtenção da estética peri-implantar e sucesso no tratamento com implantes.

Two-year randomized clinical trial of enamel matrix derivative treated infrabony defects: radiographic analysis.

BACKGROUND: This split-mouth, double-blind randomized controlled trial evaluated radiographic changes in infrabony defects treated with open flap debridement (OFD) or OFD associated with enamel matrix derivative (EMD) after a 24-month follow-up. The radiographic distance from the CEJ to the bottom of the defect (BD) was considered the primary outcome. CEJ-BC and defect angle were secondary outcomes. METHODS: Ten patients presenting 2 or more defects were selected. An individualized film holder was used to take standardized radiographs of the 43 defects, at baseline and after 24 months. Images were digitized and used to measure the distances from the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) to the alveolar crest (AC), CEJ to the bottom of the defect (BD) and infrabony defect angle. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS for Windows (version 5.2). Paired samples t test was used to compare test and control groups and to evaluate changes within each group. The level of significance was set at α = 0.05%. RESULTS: After 24 months, a significant crestal bone loss was observed for EMD (1.01 mm; p = 0.049) but not for OFD (0.14 mm; p = 0.622). However, no differences were detected between groups (p = 0.37). Reduction of the bone defect depth was significant for OFD (0.70 mm; p = 0.005) but not for EMD (0.04 mm; p = 0.86), while no differences were detected between them (p = 0.87). Both EMD (0.69°; p = 0.82) and OFD (5.71°; p = 0.24) showed an improvement in defect angle measurements but no significant differences were observed after 24 months or between the groups (p = 0.35). CONCLUSION: Linear radiographic analysis was not able to demonstrate superiority of EMD treated infrabony defects when compared to ODF after 24 months. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02195765. Registered 17 July 2014.