What fuels the employees in startups?: Data on hybrid/colocated/virtual working environment towards efficiency.

Purpose: This article examines the concepts of workplace satisfaction and productivity using data. The data will be used to investigate the variables contributing to employee satisfaction to achieve optimum efficiency through various startup working environments. Design/ Methodology/ Approach: Descriptive causal investigation. A structured instrument scale questionnaire via the internet to 256 employees working for highly organized organizations in Bangalore, India, using Qualtrics. The researcher adopted a simple random sampling method. Findings: The respondents in the data believed that the pre-covid workplace was advantageous. The hybrid model's prevalence of autonomy and flexibility increases work productivity. When employees are given more responsibility, their job satisfaction and productivity increase. Research Limitations/ Implications: Collecting data in a startup was extremely difficult due to the difficulty of obtaining permission, and through the analysis, it was determined that businesses have a responsibility to provide supplemental benefits to remote employees, which may increase the level of job satisfaction and enjoyment experienced by these individuals.

Reconstruction of complex oro-mandibular defects by four different modifications of free fibula osteomyocutaneous flap: A prudent alternative to multiple flaps.

INTRODUCTION: Resection of advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma results in complex oro-mandibular defects involving external skin, oral mucosa, and bone. Reconstruction of such defects by a single free fibula flap (FFF) is limited by the lack of soft tissue bulk and adequate skin paddle for both intra- and extra-oral coverage. In this study, the reconstruction of large defects was achieved by four modifications of free fibula osteomyocutaneous flap as an alternative to multiple flaps. METHODS: In this prospective study, 29 patients with complex oro-mandibular defects were reconstructed by FFF from December 2018 to October 2020. Reconstruction was done with any one of the four FFF modifications involving large proximal skin paddle from lateral leg: Strip de-epithelialization (De-Ep), chimeric bipaddle (Ch-Bp), muscle orally and skin extra-orally (Mo-Se), and double microvascular (Db-Mi). Outcome variables assessed were functional and esthetic results, early/late complications, donor site morbidity, and operative time. An algorithm based on Cordeiro's classification is proposed to assist in the selection of appropriate FFF modification. RESULTS: Among 29 patients, De-Ep was used in 13, Ch-Bp in 8, Mo-Se in 7, and Db-Mi in 1 case. None of the flaps underwent total loss. Two cases required re-exploration. The median operative time was 775 min. Wound dehiscence and oro-cutaneous fistula were common early and late complications, respectively. Partial split skin graft loss (SSG) was the most common donor site morbidity. Functional and facial aesthetics were acceptable at the end of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Specific FFF modifications can be recommended in selected scenarios. It is reliable for single-stage reconstruction with satisfactory esthetic and functional outcomes. When used for reconstruction in first primary tumors, the second donor site is preserved, which can prove valuable in the event of a recurrence or second primary.

OsbZIP47 Is an Integrator for Meristem Regulators During Rice Plant Growth and Development.

Stem cell homeostasis by the WUSCHEL-CLAVATA (WUS-CLV) feedback loop is generally conserved across species; however, its links with other meristem regulators can be species-specific, rice being an example. We characterized the role of rice OsbZIP47 in vegetative and reproductive development. The knockdown (KD) transgenics showed meristem size abnormality and defects in developmental progression. The size of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) in 25-day OsbZIP47KD plants was increased as compared to the wild-type (WT). Inflorescence of KD plants showed reduced rachis length, number of primary branches, and spikelets. Florets had defects in the second and third whorl organs and increased organ number. OsbZIP47KD SAM and panicles had abnormal expression for CLAVATA peptide-like signaling genes, such as FON2-LIKE CLE PROTEIN1 (FCP1), FLORAL ORGAN NUMBER 2 (FON2), and hormone pathway genes, such as cytokinin (CK) ISOPENTEYLTRANSFERASE1 (OsIPT1), ISOPENTEYLTRANSFERASE 8 (OsIPT8), auxin biosynthesis OsYUCCA6, OsYUCCA7 and gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis genes, such as GRAIN NUMBER PER PANICLE1 (GNP1/OsGA20OX1) and SHORTENED BASAL INTERNODE (SBI/OsGA2ox4). The effects on ABBERANT PANICLE ORGANIZATION1 (APO1), OsMADS16, and DROOPING LEAF (DL) relate to the second and third whorl floret phenotypes in OsbZIP47KD. Protein interaction assays showed OsbZIP47 partnerships with RICE HOMEOBOX1 (OSH1), RICE FLORICULA/LEAFY (RFL), and OsMADS1 transcription factors. The meta-analysis of KD panicle transcriptomes in OsbZIP47KD, OsMADS1KD, and RFLKD transgenics, combined with global OSH1 binding sites divulge potential targets coregulated by OsbZIP47, OsMADS1, OSH1, and RFL. Further, we demonstrate that OsbZIP47 redox status affects its DNA binding affinity to a cis element in FCP1, a target locus. Taken together, we provide insights on OsbZIP47 roles in SAM development, inflorescence branching, and floret development.

Twin Alar Rims: A Rare Type of Alar Rim Deformity and Its Correction Using "SAIL" Technique.

The beauty and golden proportions of a face are largely determined by the shape and size of the nose one inherits. When the subunits of the nasal structure are considered, the width and structure of Ala and Alar rims determine to a large extent the beauty of the nose itself. Various classifications exist to evaluate the alar rim deformities that are inherited as well as iatrogenic, but occurrence of twin alar rims as a deformity has rarely been reported. This article reports the deformities of drooping tip, hanging columella, and asymmetry of alar rims along with twin alar rims. All the problems were addressed with an open rhinoplasty approach and combining the alar incision with the sail technique to achieve the correction of twin alar rim.

Exploring the factors influencing the cloud computing adoption: a systematic study on cloud migration.

Today, most of the organizations trust on their age old legacy applications, to support their business-critical systems. However, there are several critical concerns, as maintainability and scalability issues, associated with the legacy system. In this background, cloud services offer a more agile and cost effective platform, to support business applications and IT infrastructure. As the adoption of cloud services has been increasing recently and so has been the academic research in cloud migration. However, there is a genuine need of secondary study to further strengthen this research. The primary objective of this paper is to scientifically and systematically identify, categorize and compare the existing research work in the area of legacy to cloud migration. The paper has also endeavored to consolidate the research on Security issues, which is prime factor hindering the adoption of cloud through classifying the studies on secure cloud migration. SLR (Systematic Literature Review) of thirty selected papers, published from 2009 to 2014 was conducted to properly understand the nuances of the security framework. To categorize the selected studies, authors have proposed a conceptual model for cloud migration which has resulted in a resource base of existing solutions for cloud migration. This study concludes that cloud migration research is in seminal stage but simultaneously it is also evolving and maturing, with increasing participation from academics and industry alike. The paper also identifies the need for a secure migration model, which can fortify organization's trust into cloud migration and facilitate necessary tool support to automate the migration process.

Validation of SSR markers associated with rust (Uromyces fabae) resistance in pea (Pisum sativum L.).

Pea rust is a devastating disease of peas especially in the sub-tropical regions of the world and greatly influenced by the environmental conditions during disease development. Molecular markers associated with pea rust resistance would be useful in marker assisted selection (MAS). Utility of molecular markers associated with the pea rust resistance were evaluated in 30 diverse pea genotypes using four SSR markers (AA446 and AA505 flanking the major QTL Qruf; AD146 and AA416 flanking the minor QTL, Qruf1). QTL, Qruf flanking markers were able to identify all the resistant genotypes when used together, except Pant P 31. While, SSR markers AD146 and AA416 flanking the minor QTL, Qruf1 were able to identify all the pea resistant genotypes used for validation, except for HUDP-11 by AD146 and Pant P 31 by AA416. Similarly, SSR markers AA446 and AA505 were able to identify all the susceptible pea genotypes, except IPFD 99-13, HFP 9415 and S- 143. SSR markers AD146 and AA416 were together able to identify all the pea susceptible genotypes used for validation, except KPMR 526, KPMR 632 and IPFD 99-13. On the basis of marker allele analysis it may be concluded that SSR markers (AA446, AA505, AD146 and AA416) can be used in MAS of pea rust resistance.

Enhanced Photosynthesis and Carbon Metabolism Favor Arsenic Tolerance in Artemisia annua, a Medicinal Plant as Revealed by Homology-Based Proteomics.

This paper provides the first proteomic evidence of arsenic (As) tolerance and interactive regulatory network between primary and secondary metabolism in the medicinal plant, Artemisia annua. While chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic rate depicted mild inhibition, there was a significant enhancement in PSI activity, whole chain, ATP, and NADPH contents in 100 µ M As treatments compared to the control plants. However, a decrease in the above variables was recorded under 150 µ M treatments. Proteomic decoding of the survival strategy of A. annua under As stress using 2-DE followed by MALDI-MS/MS revealed a total of 46 differentially expressed protein spots. In contrast to other plants where As inhibits photosynthesis, A. annua showed appreciable photosynthetic CO2 assimilation and allocation of carbon resources at 100 µ M As concentration. While an increased accumulation of ATP synthase, ferredoxin-NADP(H) oxidoreductase, and FeS-rieske proteins supported the operation of cyclic electron transport, mdr ABC transporter protein and pcs gene might be involved in As detoxification. The most interesting observation was an increased accumulation of LEAFY like novel protein conceivably responsible for an early onset of flowering in A. annua under As stress. This study not only affirmed the role of energy metabolism proteins but also identified potential candidates responsible for As tolerance in plants.

Initiation of MDR TB treatment: is hospitalization worth?

BACKGROUND: The treatment for MDR TB is quite prolonged and associated with adverse effects and hence costly. AIM: The aim of study was to study the side-effects of reserve line drugs developing in initial seven days of starting therapy, so as to weigh the need for admission for initiation of treatment against heavy economic burden by admission of huge number of MDR TB patients, and to identify the factors which may have an effect on the number of patients developing side-effects METHODS: All MDR TB patients (930) admitted during study period, who were initiated on Cat IV treatment for MDR TB under RNTCP were questioned daily for any side-effects throughout the day, during initial seven days of treatment. RESULTS: On day one, 342 (36.8%) patients developed side-effects, on 2nd day 456 (49%), on day 3 356 (38.3 %), on fourth day 257 (27.6%), then on fifth day only 172 (18.5 %) patients respectively had reported side-effects. Further decline of side-effects was reported on sixth day 94(10.1%) and seventh day 39(4.2%). Number of events also decreased from 669 on dayl and 965 on day 2, to only 61 on day 7 of treatment. Most of the patients had nausea, vomiting, pain abdomen, restlessness, dizziness, insomnia and headache. Patients with low Hemoglobin had more side-effects from day 2 onwards (p<0.05).Age, BMI, gender and co-morbidities had no significant effect on side-effects in these patients. CONCLUSION: Many patients report side-effects initially on treatment, which gradually decrease from day 4 onwards , so hospitalization for atleast seven days during initiation of Cat IV may not be required in all the patients.

Molecular characterization of Alr1105 a novel arsenate reductase of the diazotrophic cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC7120 and decoding its role in abiotic stress management in Escherichia coli.

This paper constitutes the first report on the Alr1105 of Anabaena sp. PCC7120 which functions as arsenate reductase and phosphatase and offers tolerance against oxidative and other abiotic stresses in the alr1105 transformed Escherichia coli. The bonafide of 40.8 kDa recombinant GST+Alr1105 fusion protein was confirmed by immunoblotting. The purified Alr1105 protein (mw 14.8 kDa) possessed strong arsenate reductase (Km 16.0 ± 1.2 mM and Vmax 5.6 ± 0.31 µmol min⁻¹ mg protein⁻¹) and phosphatase activity (Km 27.38 ± 3.1 mM and Vmax 0.077 ± 0.005 µmol min⁻¹ mg protein⁻¹) at an optimum temperature 37 °C and 6.5 pH. Native Alr1105 was found as a monomeric protein in contrast to its homologous Synechocystis ArsC protein. Expression of Alr1105 enhanced the arsenic tolerance in the arsenate reductase mutant E. coli WC3110 (∆arsC) and rendered better growth than the wild type W3110 up to 40 mM As (V). Notwithstanding above, the recombinant E. coli strain when exposed to CdCl2, ZnSO4, NiCl2, CoCl2, CuCl2, heat, UV-B and carbofuron showed increase in growth over the wild type and mutant E. coli transformed with the empty vector. Furthermore, an enhanced growth of the recombinant E. coli in the presence of oxidative stress producing chemicals (MV, PMS and H2O2), suggested its protective role against these stresses. Appreciable expression of alr1105 gene as measured by qRT-PCR at different time points under selected stresses reconfirmed its role in stress tolerance. Thus the Alr1105 of Anabaena sp. PCC7120 functions as an arsenate reductase and possess novel properties different from the arsenate reductases known so far.

Proteomics combines morphological, physiological and biochemical attributes to unravel the survival strategy of Anabaena sp. PCC7120 under arsenic stress.

Proteomics in conjunction with morphological, physiological and biochemical variables has been employed for the first time to unravel survival strategies of the diazotrophic cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC7120 under Arsenic (As) stress. Significant reduction in growth, carbon fixation, nitrogenase activity and chlorophyll content after 1 day (1d) and recovery after 15 days (15d) of As exposure indicates the acclimation of the test organism against As stress. The formation of akinete like structures is a novel observation never reported before in Anabaena sp. PCC7120. Proteomic characterization using 2-DE showed average 537, 422 and 439 spots in control, 1 and 15d treatment respectively. MALDI-TOF and LC-MS of As-treated Anabaena revealed a total of 45 differentially expressed proteins, of which 13 were novel (hypothetical) ones. Down-regulation of phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK), fructose bisphosphate aldolase II (FBA II), fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase (FBPase), transketolase (TK), and ATP synthase on day 1 and their significant recovery on the 15th day presumably maintained the glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and turnover rate of Calvin cycle, hence survival of the test organism. Up-regulation of catalase (CAT), peroxiredoxin (Prx), thioredoxin (Trx) and oxidoreductase appears to protect the cells from oxidative stress. Appreciable induction in phytochelatin content (2.4 fold), GST activity (2.3 fold), and transcripts of phytochelatin synthase (5.0 fold), arsenate reductase (8.5 fold) and arsenite efflux genes - asr1102 (5.0 fold), alr1097 (4.7 fold) reiterates their role in As sequestration and shielding of the organism from As toxicity. While up-regulated metabolic and antioxidative defense proteins, phytochelatin and GST work synchronously, the ars genes play a central role in detoxification and survival of Anabaena under As stress. The proposed hypothetical model explains the interaction of metabolic proteins associated with the survival of Anabaena sp. PCC7120 under As stress.

UV-B and UV-C pre-treatments induce physiological changes and artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua L. - an antimalarial plant.

Present study was undertaken to investigate if short-term UV-B (4.2 kJ m(-2) day(-1)) and UV-C (5.7 kJ m(-2) day(-1)), pre-treatments can induce artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua. Twenty-one day old Artemisia seedlings were subjected to short-term (14 days) UV pre-treatment in an environmentally controlled growth chamber and then transplanted to the field under natural conditions. Treatment of A. annua with artificial UV-B and UV-C radiation not only altered the growth responses, biomass, pigment content and antioxidant enzyme activity but enhanced the secondary metabolites (artemisinin and flavonoid) content at all developmental stages as compared to non-irradiated plants. The extent of oxidative damage was measured in terms of the activities of enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase. Reinforcement in the antioxidative defense system seems to be a positive response of plants in ameliorating the negative effects of UV-B and UV-C radiations. While the carotenoid content was elevated, the chlorophyll content decreased under UV-B and UV-C pre-treatments. The reverse transcription PCR analysis of the genes associated in artemisinin/isoprenoid biosynthesis like 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR), cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (CPR) and amorpha-4,11-diene synthase (ADS) genes at different growth stages revealed UV induced significant over-expression of the above protein genes. UV-B and UV-C pre-treatments, led to an increase in the concentrations of artemisinin at full bloom stage by 10.5% and 15.7% than that of the control respectively. Thus, the result of our study suggests that short term UV-B pre-treatment of seedlings in greenhouse prior to transplantation into the field enhances artemisinin production with lesser yield related damages as compared to UV-C radiation in A. annua.

Molecular mapping for resistance to pea rust caused by Uromyces fabae (Pers.) de-Bary.

Pea rust caused by Uromyces fabae (Pers.) de-Bary is a major problem in warm humid regions causing huge economic losses. A mapping population of 136 F(6:7) recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross between pea genotypes, HUVP 1 (susceptible) and FC 1 (resistant) was evaluated in polyhouse as well as under field conditions during two consecutive years. Infection frequency (IF) and area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) were used for evaluation of rust reaction of the RILs. A linkage map was constructed with 57 polymorphic loci selected from 148 simple sequence repeats (SSRs), 3 sequence tagged sites (STS), and 2 random amplified polymorphic (RAPD) markers covering 634 cM of genetic distance on the seven linkage groups of pea with an average interval length of 11.3 cM. Composite interval mapping (CIM) revealed one major (Qruf) and one minor (Qruf1) QTL for rust resistance on LGVII. The LOD (5.2-15.8) peak for Qruf was flanked by SSR markers, AA505 and AA446 (10.8 cM), explaining 22.2-42.4% and 23.5-58.8% of the total phenotypic variation for IF and AUDPC, respectively. The minor QTL was environment-specific, and it was detected only in the polyhouse (LOD values 4.2 and 4.8). It was flanked by SSR markers, AD146 and AA416 (7.3 cM), and explained 11.2-12.4% of the total phenotypic variation. The major QTL Qruf was consistently identified across all the four environments. Therefore, the SSR markers flanking Qruf would be useful for marker-assisted selection for pea rust (U. fabae) resistance.

Arsenic-induced changes in morphological, physiological, and biochemical attributes and artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua, an antimalarial plant.

Present study is the first to explore physiological, biochemical and molecular changes in the medicinal plant Artemisia annua under arsenic (As) stress. A. annua grown hydroponically in a nutrient solution was spiked with increasing doses of As (0, 1,500, 3,000 and 4,500 µg l(-1)) for 7 days. Plants accumulated As in a dose dependent manner with bioconcentration factor 13.4 and translocation factor 0.97. While a similar trend of As accumulation was observed under soil culture experiments, the transfer factor went up to 2.1, depicting high efficiency of As translocation from roots to shoots by A. annua. Plants raised in 0-3,000 µg l(-1) As containing nutrient solution registered increase in root length, biomass, and carotenoid contents without any visual toxicity symptoms. A dose dependent increase in the activities of enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase and guaiacol peroxidase followed by a gradual decline at higher concentrations suggested their role in alleviating oxidative stress. Significant increase in the levels of thiols, GSH, and pcs gene transcript up to 3,000 µg l(-1) As attested their roles in As detoxification. Enhanced artemisinin production (an antimalarial compound) under As stress and upregulation of the transcripts (measured by RT-PCR) of the genes HMGR, FDS, ADS, and CYP71AV1 involved in artemisinin biosynthesis reaffirmed induction of artemisinin biosynthesis in A. annua under As stress. The results of the present study vividly suggested that A. annua has considerable As tolerance, and thus can be successfully cultivated in As contaminated fields.