Common operation, uncommon complication. Bleeding from superior haemorrhoidal artery after minimally invasive procedure for hemorrhoids - a case report / Operação comum, complicação incomum. Sangramento de artéria hemorroidária superior após PMIH - um relato de caso

ABSTRACT Minimally invasive procedure for hemorrhoids is one of the commonest new wave operations done for prolapsed hemorrhoids. The diameter of the stapled tissue is critical in this operation, and an increase in the same could include more tissue in the anvil, with disastrous results. This is a case report of a post minimally invasive procedure for hemorrhoids bleed, which was refractory to two local oversewing attempts. When the bleeding was massive, an angiogram was obtained. This revealed a pseudo aneurysm of the left superior haemorrhoidal artery, which was embolized, stopping the bleed. The stapler dimensions were studied and the possible cause of the event was arrived at. The specific stapler used had a diameter of 2 mm more than the regular Medtronic and Ethicon staplers, possibly including more of the rectal wall, and the superior haemorrhoidal artery as well. This case report documents a rare and potentially fatal complication of a simple procedure.

RESUMO O procedimento minimamente invasivo para as hemorroidas (PMIH) é uma das novas operações mais comuns para ao tratamento de hemorroidas prolapsadas. O diâmetro do tecido grampeado é crítico nessa operação; um aumento nesse diâmetro poderia colocar mais tecido na bigorna do grampeador, com resultados desastrosos. Este relato de caso descreve o desfecho de uma hemorragia após PMIH, refratária a duas tentativas locais de sobressutura. Um angiograma foi realizado quando a hemorragia foi considerada intensa. O exame revelou um pseudoaneurisma da artéria hemorroidária superior esquerda, que foi embolizada, interrompendo o sangramento. As dimensões do grampeador foram estudadas e descobriu-se a possível causa do evento. O grampeador específico usado tinha um diâmetro 2 mm maior do que os grampeadores regulares da Medtronic e da Ethicon e possivelmente captou uma área maior da parede retal e a artéria hemorroidária superior. Este relato de caso documenta uma complicação rara e potencialmente fatal de um procedimento simples.

Inflammatory stricture of the right ureter following perforated appendicitis: The first Indian report.

Perforated appendicitis leading to inflammatory stricture of the right ureter is a rarity. We present this fairly uncommon case of a patient who developed a stricture of the right ureter secondary to an ongoing inflammatory process in the peritoneum and retroperitoneum. A perforated appendicitis was operated upon, and on follow-up the mild hydronephrosis had worsened. Stenting of the right ureter completely solved the problem.

Single incision laparoscopic surgery - trans anal endoscopic microsurgery: A technological innovation.

Trans anal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) first burst upon the scene several decades ago and then underwent a period of immersion. We have herein reported our experience in two cases who underwent TEM using laparoscopic techniques. The advent of single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) has made great inroads into various fields of general and gastrointestinal (GI) surgery. We decided to make use of the same technique in TEM for two patients who had large sessile villous adenomas of the rectum. We used this port and fixed it transanally to the edge of the anus. Carbon dioxide used for insufflation in laparoscopic surgery was used through one of the ports, and a telescope was inserted to the larger port. We made sure that the entire polyp was cut out completely until the circular muscle of the internal sphincter was clearly exposed. Next, the cut edges of the rectum were undermined between the mucosa and the circular muscles in order to bring the cut edges closer together. We were able to perform this SILS TEM in two cases. In both the cases, well differentiated villous adenoma (colonoscopically, biopsy proven before surgery) was confirmed after excision. The question has been raised whether TEM is the new laparoscopy for anorectal surgery. Increasingly, several reports are showing promise for treatment for early stage cancers and large rectal adenomas using TEM. Adoption of our technique using the SILS port that has not been previously described in medical literature, seems to be a promising tool for the future. TEM first burst upon the scene several decades ago and then under went a period of immersion. In recent years, with the onset of laparoscopic surgery, the thoughts and the ideas of using a laparoscopic surgical technique have invaded the area of colorectal cancer as well. We have herein reported our experience in two cases who underwent TEM using laparoscopic techniques.

Convergence of adipocyte hypertrophy, telomere shortening and hypoadiponectinemia in obese subjects and in patients with type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: Although telomere shortening has been linked with type 2 diabetes and most variables of adiposity, a shortcoming of such studies is the measurement of telomere length in leukocytes. Therefore, we tested the association among adipocyte cell size, telomere length (both subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue) and systemic levels of adiponectin in obese subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes compared to control subjects. METHODS: Human subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues were obtained from the subjects who have undergone bariatric surgery or other abdominal surgeries. The study groups comprised: i) control subjects, ii) type 2 diabetes patients, iii) obese subjects without diabetes and iv) obese subjects with diabetes. Adipocyte cell size was measured by histological staining. Adiponectin levels were measured by ELISA. Telomere length was determined by Real-time PCR and lipid peroxidation was assessed by fluorimetry. RESULTS: Compared to control subjects, adipocyte size (both subcutaneous and visceral) from obese, diabetic and obese-diabetic subjects was significantly larger [p<0.001]. Individuals with adipose hypertrophy also exhibited shortened telomeres and hypoadiponectinemia. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that both visceral and subcutaneous fat cell size showed a positive correlation with FBS, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, LDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides and negatively correlated with HDL and adiponectin. Regression analysis revealed that the association between shortened telomeres and hypoadiponectinemia was lost when adjusted for adipocyte cell size. CONCLUSION: Adipocyte hypertrophy appears to be strongly associated with shortened telomeres, hypoadiponectinemia and poor glycemic and lipid control. Interestingly, these molecular alterations seen in lean diabetics reflect a state of 'metabolic obesity'.