RESUMO
Chromoblastomycosis and sporotrichosis are endemic fungal infections of tropical and subtropical regions, including Madagascar. The causal fungi develop in the soil or on plants and infect humans through wounds, either directly (wounding by the plant, through thorns, for example), or through the contact of an existing wound with contaminated soil. For this reason, the lesions predominantly occur on the limbs, and these fungi principally infect people working outside with bare hands and/or feet. The subcutaneous lesions of chromoblastomycosis are initially nodular, subsequently becoming warty, tumoral, cauliflower-like and pruriginous, which promotes dissemination. The chronic nature of the infection and its progression over long periods lead to highly disabling lesions in essentially rural and agricultural populations. The lesions of sporotrichosis are also nodular, but more ulcerous, and they form an extended chain following the route of the lymph vessels. Pus, squamous or skin biopsy specimens are used for the mycological examination of these mycoses. Treatment depends on the severity and form of the lesions and is based on antifungal drugs sometimes combined with physical methods. There has been no study of these infections for more than two decades in Madagascar, despite the large numbers of cases seen by doctors in all parts of the island. The nature, diversity and distribution of the plants responsible for contamination have not been described in Madagascar. In this review, we described these two endemic mycoses in terms of their epidemiological, mycological, clinical and therapeutic characteristics, focusing particularly on Madagascar, which is one of the leading foci of these two infections worldwide.
Assuntos
Cromoblastomicose/epidemiologia , Doenças Endêmicas/estatística & dados numéricos , Doenças Negligenciadas/epidemiologia , Esporotricose/epidemiologia , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Cromoblastomicose/patologia , Cromoblastomicose/terapia , Doenças Endêmicas/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Madagáscar/epidemiologia , Doenças Negligenciadas/terapia , Esporotricose/patologia , Esporotricose/terapia , Infecção dos Ferimentos/epidemiologia , Infecção dos Ferimentos/microbiologiaRESUMO
Objectif : Déterminer les souches fongiques responsables des infections au niveau de la peau, des phanères et des muqueuses buccale et vaginale au sein du laboratoire de parasitologie du Centre Hospitalier Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona Tananarive Madagascar.Matériel et méthodes : Nous avons effectué une étude rétrospective descriptive. Les dossiers de prélèvements inclus entre le mois d'octobre 2008 à l'octobre 2014 ont été consultés.Résultats : Nous avons colligés 617 prélèvements pendant cette période dont 349 était positifs à l'examen direct et ou à la culture. Les principales souches isolées étaient par ordre de fréquence Candida albicans, Candida non albicans, Malassezia sp, Microsporum langeroni et Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Conclusion : Cette étude a permis d'identifier les principaux agents pathogènes incriminés dans la mycose superficielle, et de déterminer l'aspect épidémiologique de ses agents au sein du laboratoire de parasitologie
