[Profile of the patient who wants to quick smoking seen in the Primary Care and Specialized consultations in Spain]. / Perfil del paciente que quiere dejar de fumar atendido en consultas de Atención Primaria y especializada de España.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the profile of the smoker who wants to stop smoking. Subjects and methods. A cross-sectional, multicenter study was conducted in 1634 smokers attended by General Practitioners and Specialized Physicians in Spain who had expressed their desire to stop smoking when explicitly asked. Sociodemographic data, background of smoking and related consequences were collected. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: 67.1% of patients were seen by General Practitioners. Mean age +/- standard deviation was 45.6 +/- 12.0 years old and mean age of onset of usual consumption was 20.6 +/- 7.0. Fifty-six percent of the population studied were men. Most (35.2%) had studied beyond high school and 76.4% were active workers. Seventy-one percent had previously tried to stop smoking (2.7+/- 3.0 mean attempts). Out of 39.2% smokers who had participated in some type of smoking cessation treatment the year before, 70.7% were on substitutive therapy with nicotine. At the time of the visit, 80% admitted they could not stop smoking by themselves. CONCLUSIONS: The profile of the smoker seen in Primary Care and Specialized Consultation in Spain who wants to quit smoking corresponds to a male subject in his 40's, with studies beyond high school, actively working who has made more that two previous attempts to stop smoking, mostly with substitutive therapy with nicotine and who currently believes he is not being able to achieve it by himself.

Microirbe. Aproximación a la epidemiología de la microalbuminuria en las personas con diabetes e hipertensión de España / Microirbe. Approximation to epidemiology of microalbuminuria in patients with diabetes and hypertension in Spain

Objetivos: Análisis epidemiológico de la prevalencia de microalbuminuria en hipertensos y diabéticos tipo 2 de España. Averiguar la accesibilidad a la determinación del índice albúmina/creatinina en Atención Primaria Material y métodos: Estudio transversal epidemiológico anidado en un estudio de intervención. Participación voluntaria de 1.967 médicos de Atención Primaria que aportaron 7.592 pacientes hipertensos y diabéticos. Variables principales: hipertensión arterial, diabetes y excreción urinaria de albúmina (se recomienda el uso del índice albúmina/ creatinina, pero se aceptan otros métodos si no está disponible). Resultados: Muestra con edad media de 63,6 años (± 10,2) y con un 53,6% de mujeres. Las cifras promedio de la presión arterial fueron 155/92 mmHg (± 10,9/6,2) y de la HbA1c de 6,83% (± 1,07). El 34,4% de los hipertensos y el 21,5% de los diabéticos no utilizaban fármacos para éstas patologías. El 48,7% presentaban una hipercolesterolemia asociada. Globalmente el 38,8% de los pacientes presentaron cifras de excreción urinaria de albúmina dentro del rango de “microalbuminuria”. Se analizan modelos multivariados de predicción de la microalbuminuria. Se observó gran variabilidad interprovincial en la accesibilidad al índice albúmina/creatinina desde la Atención Primaria, con una media del 45,7% (rango: 0-84%). La determinación de microalbuminuria en orina matinal aislada fue el método más frecuente (47,1%)

Objectives: The trial main objective was the epidemiological analysis of microalbuminuria prevalence in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Spain. The secondary objective was to set the albumin/creatinine rate determination accessibility in Primary Care Centers. Material and methods: This trial was designed as transversal epidemiological study nested in an interventional study. A total number of 1,967 Primary Care physicians participated with a contribution of 7,592 patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Main variables: High blood pressure, diabetes and albumin urinary excretion (the albumin/creatinine rate was recommended, but alternative methods were admitted when that rate was not available). Results: The sample average age was 63.6 years (± 10.2). A 53.6% of patients were female. The average blood pressure was 155/92 mmHg (± 10.9/6.2) and average HbA1c was 6.83% (± 1.07). The 34.4% of high blood pressure patients and a 21.5% of diabetic ones were not taking drugs for those pathologies. The 48.7% were having associated hypercholesterolemia. Globally, the 38.8% of patients presented albumin urinary excretion in the range of microalbuminuria. Multivariant models for microalbuminuria prediction were analyzed. A great interprovincial variability was detected relative to the albumin/creatinine rate accessibility in Primary Care Centers, with an average of 45.7% (range: 0-84%). The microalbuminuria determination in isoalted first-morning urine samples was the most frequent method (47.1%)