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BACKGROUND: "Self-adhering composite resins," are claimed to eliminate the need for a separate acid etching and bonding agent application step, thus simplifying the direct restorative procedure, both regarding the technique sensitivity and the duration of treatment. AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate the marginal adaptation of self-adhering flowable composite (Dyad flow) in comparison to the conventional flowable composite (Tetric N-flow) under scanning electron microscope (SEM). SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This in vitro study was conducted on 44 extracted human maxillary premolars. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Box-only Class II cavities on the distal surface were prepared with the dimensions of 4 mm buccolingual width, 2 mm mesiodistal depth, and gingival margin at the cementoenamel junction. They were divided into two groups of 22 teeth each and were restored accordingly: Group I - Gingival floor lined with Tetric N-Flow and were restored with Tetric N-Ceram; Group II - Gingival floor lined with Dyad flow and were restored with Herculite Precis. After thermal cycling, the sectioned tooth-restoration interfaces were evaluated for the marginal adaptation under SEM at ×200 magnification. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The resultant data were statistically analyzed by applying Chi-square test, using the SPSS (version 16.0) software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no statistically significant difference between the study groups regarding the marginal adaptation. The marginal adaptation of the self-adhering flowable composite when used as a liner in Class II restorations was comparable to that of the conventional flowable composite.
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AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim and objective of this study was to sort out the reasons for use and nonuse of dental services among people visiting a private dental hospital in urban India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 1800 people, aged 18-65 years, visiting a multispecialty dental hospital in urban India. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data about the history of dental visits and reasons for use and nonuse of dental services. RESULTS: For a majority of the people (45%), time since the last dental visit was more than 2 years, and the main reason for visiting a dentist was dental pain (38%). Majority of the people had received restoration of teeth in their previous dental visit (46%). The major reason cited for not visiting a dentist was lack of knowledge toward dental problems and their consequences (30%). Only few people visited dentists for preventive reasons. More patients with better educational levels visited dentists than patients with poor educational status. CONCLUSION: Majority of the people visited dentists when their problem was severe enough to have a dental appointment. Dental practitioners across locations should also educate the patients regarding the importance of regular dental care, discuss barriers for dental care, and promote attitudinal changes toward a positive health-seeking behavior.
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BACKGROUND: "Visagism," a proposed novel concept, makes it possible for the patients to express the desirable emotions and personality traits, through their smile. According to this concept, clinicians can design a smile that blends with the patient's physical appearance, personality, and desires. AIM: To establish a relation, if any, between the smile pattern (dentofacial esthetics determined by three parameters, i.e., tooth form, long axes of maxillary anterior teeth, and connection line between embrasure) and the personality traits (four mental temperaments) through the concept of visagism. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A total of 190 participants aged between 20 and 38 years from a dental college were selected for the study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The temperaments of the participants were identified using a self-reporting questionnaire. The photographs of frontal view of teeth in centric occlusion of the participants were captured, and their tooth forms, long axes, and embrasure lines were drawn using photograph editing software. The type of temperament obtained from the questionnaire for each participant was compared with that obtained from photographic evaluation. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The obtained data were statistically analyzed by applying Kappa statistics for kappa measure of agreement. RESULTS: There was no agreement between temperaments derived through questionnaire and those temperaments obtained from the photographic analysis. CONCLUSION: Although the concept of combining the principles of smile design and mental temperaments through visagism is an appreciable idea, it lacks a practical approach to create a personalized smile for each patient by including mental temperaments at present stage.
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The apical termination of obturation is the most important factor influencing the success of root canal treatment (RCT). Working length (WL) is the key element in achieving this. AIM: The aim of this study is to compare and evaluate the preoperative estimated WL with conventional radiograph and with grid radiograph, with reference to electronic apex locator (EAL) in single-rooted teeth. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Thirty permanent anterior teeth with complete root formation indicated for RCT were included in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Conventional radiograph (Group 1) and conventional radiograph with external grid (Group 2) were made before access opening. WL with EAL (Group 3) was determined after access opening. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 16.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used to compare the WLs of three groups, and the statistical significance was considered to be P ≤ 0.05. ANOVA, post hoc test were made to measure the intergroup comparison, and Pearson correlation values were obtained. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results of the study showed a higher correlation between grid WL and apex locator WL than conventional WL and apex locator WL. Preoperative metrics with radiographic grid along with the apex locator is a better measuring tool compared to the conventional radiographic WL in a single-rooted tooth.
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Dens invaginatus is a relatively common dental malformation resulting from an infolding of enamel organ into the dental papilla varying in depth into the tooth tissues. Complex morphological anatomy associated with the pulpal pathology presents inaccessibility to completely remove the necrotic pulp tissues and hence poses challenges in rendering endodontic treatment. A combination of nonsurgical and surgical management in treating such cases is advisable depending on the presented variations. The present case reports the surgical endodontic treatment of an immature maxillary lateral incisor with type II dens invaginatus and periapical pathology.
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INTRODUCTION: The basic principle of remineralization is by advocating a biological or non-invasive approach rather than the surgical approach for early enamel lesions. There are relatively newer products available for remineralization, latest being the resin-infiltration technique, commercially available as Icon. AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate the remineralizing potential of Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP), Vantej and Icon by the quantitative evaluation of mineral gain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy eight maxillary premolars were decoronated at Cemento-Enamel Junction (CEJ) and then sectioned mesio-distally using diamond disc into two halves. Mineral content of the sound specimens were recorded using Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDAX) micro-analyser. The samples were then subjected to demineralization by using demineralizing solution. The samples were grouped (n=26) based on the remineralizing agent used, Group 1: Vantej, Group 2: CPP-ACP, Group 3: Icon. After the application of remineralizing agent, the mineral content was measured using EDAX. RESULTS: After remineralization, there was a significant difference between the groups when calcium and phosphorous ratios (Ca:P) were compared, showing greater potential of remineralization for CPP-ACP followed by Vantej and Icon group. CONCLUSION: CPP-ACP performed better than Vantej and Icon in remineralizing the demineralized enamel.
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AIM: The aim of this study was to measure the increase in root canal surface area and canal transportation after biomechanical preparation at 1, 3, and 5 mm short of the apex with three different rotary systems in both continuous rotary and reciprocating rotary motions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty freshly extracted human mandibular molars with mesial root canal curvatures between 20° and 30° were included in the study. Teeth were randomly distributed into three groups (n = 20). Biomechanical preparations were done in all the mesial canals. In Group 1, instrumentation was done with ProTaper universal rotary files, Group 2, with K3XF rotary files, and Group 3, with LSX rotary files. Each group was further subdivided into subgroups A and B (n = 10) where instrumentation was done by continuous rotary and reciprocating rotary techniques, respectively. Increase in root canal surface area and canal transportation was measured using the preoperative and postoperative cone-beam computed tomography scans. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey pairwise multiple comparison tests. RESULTS: Increase in root canal surface area was significantly more (P < 0.05) in ProTaper and K3XF groups when compared to LSX group. Canal transportation was significantly more (P < 0.05) in ProTaper group when compared to K3XF and LSX groups. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in increase of root canal surface area and canal transportation between continuous rotary and reciprocating rotary techniques for ProTaper Universal, K3XF and LSX groups. CONCLUSION: LSX rotary system showed minimal increase of root canal surface area and minimal canal transportation when compared to ProTaper and K3XF rotary systems.
