Características sociodemográficas, estado nutricional y salud oral en adultos masculinos de Yaguajay, Sancti Spíritus

Introducción: Las variables sociodemográficas y las patologías orales influyen en el estado nutricional. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre características sociodemográficas, estado nutricional y salud oral. Métodos: En 2022 se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo en 24 adultos masculinos de entre 31 y 62 años, de Yaguajay, Sancti Spíritus. Se aplicaron cuestionarios, mediciones antropométricas y exámenes orales. En SPSS versión 21 fueron resumidas las variables mediante frecuencias absolutas y relativas, el promedio y la desviación estándar, según correspondió. Para el estudio multivariado se utilizó el análisis de correlación canónica no lineal. Resultados: En la primera dimensión, las variables con saturaciones ≥ 0,5 que mostraron asociaciones fueron: grupo etario, nivel educacional, índice de masa corporal, dientes perdidos por caries y total de dientes perdidos. En la segunda dimensión, las variables que mostraron relación fueron: circunferencia de la cintura y dientes perdidos por caries. Adultos de 50 años o más presentaron pérdidas de 10 o más dientes. Se verificó la asociación entre la pérdida por caries de 10 o más dientes y la circunferencia de la cintura de 102 cm o más. El 71 % de los sujetos con nivel escolar de secundaria básica fue sobrepeso. El 55 y el 67 %, con nivel preuniversitario y universitario respectivamente, mostraron un índice de masa corporal aceptable. Conclusiones: Las asociaciones reportadas entre las variables socioeconómicas, nutricionales e intraorales señalan la importancia de una educación y promoción para la salud integradoras. La multidisciplinariedad y las estrategias comunes podrían ser más efectivas en la prevención de las enfermedades orales y nutricionales.

Introduction: Socio-demographic variables and oral pathologies influence nutritional status. Objective: To describe the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics, nutritional status, and oral health. Methods: In 2022, a descriptive observational study was conducted on 24 adult males, between 31 and 62 years old, from Yaguajay, Sancti Spíritus. Questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and oral examinations were applied. In SPSS version21, the variables were summarized using absolute and relative frequencies, mean and standard deviations, as appropriate. Non-linear canonical correlation analysis was used for the multivariate analysis. Results: In the first dimension, the variables with saturations ≥0.5 that showed associations were: age group, educational level, body mass index, teeth lost due to caries and total teeth lost. In the second dimension, the variables that showed associations were: waist circumference and teeth lost due to caries. Adults aged 50 years or older presented losses of 10 or more teeth. The association between caries loss of 10 or more teeth and waist circumference of 102 cm or more was verified. 71% of the subjects with basic secondary school level were overweight. 55% and 67% of those with pre-university and university level respectively showed an acceptable body mass index. Conclusions: The associations reported between socioeconomic, nutritional and intraoral variables point to the importance of integrative health education and promotion. Multidisciplinary and common strategies could be more effective in the prevention of oral and nutritional diseases.

Adaptation and resilience of commercial fishers in the Northeast United States during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Commercial fisheries globally experienced numerous and significant perturbations during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, affecting the livelihoods of millions of fishers worldwide. In the Northeast United States, fishers grappled with low prices and disruptions to export and domestic markets, leaving many tied to the dock, while others found ways to adapt to the changing circumstances brought about by the pandemic. This paper investigates the short-term impacts of the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic (March-June 2020) on commercial fishers in the Northeast U.S. to understand the effects of the pandemic on participation in the fishery and fishers' economic outcomes, using data collected from an online survey of 258 Northeast U.S. commercial fishers. This research also assesses characteristics of those fishers who continued fishing and their adaptive strategies to the changing circumstances. Analysis of survey responses found the majority of fishers continued fishing during the early months of the pandemic, while a significant number had stopped fishing. Nearly all reported a loss of income, largely driven by disruptions of export markets, the loss of restaurant sales, and a resulting decline in seafood prices. Landings data demonstrate that while fishing pressure in 2020 was reduced for some species, it remained on track with previous years for others. Fishers reported engaging in a number of adaptation strategies, including direct sales of seafood, switching species, and supplementing their income with government payments or other sources of income. Many fishers who had stopped fishing indicated plans to return, suggesting refraining from fishing as a short-term adaptation strategy, rather than a plan to permanently stop fishing. Despite economic losses, fishers in the Northeast U.S. demonstrated resilience in the face of the pandemic by continuing to fish and implementing other adaptation strategies rather than switching to other livelihoods.

Usable Science for Managing the Risks of Sea-Level Rise.

Sea-level rise sits at the frontier of usable climate climate change research, because it involves natural and human systems with long lags, irreversible losses, and deep uncertainty. For example, many of the measures to adapt to sea-level rise involve infrastructure and land-use decisions, which can have multigenerational lifetimes and will further influence responses in both natural and human systems. Thus, sea-level science has increasingly grappled with the implications of (1) deep uncertainty in future climate system projections, particularly of human emissions and ice sheet dynamics; (2) the overlay of slow trends and high-frequency variability (e.g., tides and storms) that give rise to many of the most relevant impacts; (3) the effects of changing sea level on the physical exposure and vulnerability of ecological and socioeconomic systems; and (4) the challenges of engaging stakeholder communities with the scientific process in a way that genuinely increases the utility of the science for adaptation decision making. Much fundamental climate system research remains to be done, but many of the most critical issues sit at the intersection of natural sciences, social sciences, engineering, decision science, and political economy. Addressing these issues demands a better understanding of the coupled interactions of mean and extreme sea levels, coastal geomorphology, economics, and migration; decision-first approaches that identify and focus research upon those scientific uncertainties most relevant to concrete adaptation choices; and a political economy that allows usable science to become used science.

Estado nutricional y composición corporal de campesinos y pescadores ocasionales del municipio Yaguajay, Sancti Spíritus, Cuba / Nutritional status and body composition of farmers and occasionally fisherman of Yaguajay Municipality, Sancti Spíritus, Cuba

Introducción: Existen labores que requieren de actividad física intensa y gasto de energía elevado, como la pesca y la agricultura. Por ello, la ocupación, es una de las variables que influye en el estado nutricional y la composición corporal de los individuos que practican estas actividades. Objetivo: Comparar el estado nutricional y la composición corporal de un grupo de campesinos y pescadores ocasionales del municipio Yaguajay, provincia Sancti Spíritus, en el centro de Cuba Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio con una muestra conformada por 19 campesinos y 14 pescadores ocasionales. Se evaluó el estado nutricional por el índice de masa corporal, el riesgo de adiposidad central y de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles según la circunferencia de la cintura y se estimó la composición corporal total. La comparación de los promedios de las variables continuas entre campesinos y pescadores se efectuó con la prueba t Student, con nivel de significación p<0,05. Los datos fueron procesados y analizados mediante el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 16. Resultados y discusión: Se registró una mayor frecuencia de pescadores con sobrepeso según el índice de masa corporal, con riesgo incrementado de padecer enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles atendiendo a los valores superiores de circunferencia de la cintura que presentaron y con mayor adiposidad general respecto a los campesinos. Conclusiones: Se evidenció la influencia del tipo de empleo pues los campesinos realizan actividad física diariamente en las labores agrícolas, mientras que los pescadores seleccionados pescan ocasionalmente y tienen disímiles ocupaciones que incluyen labores sedentarias

Introduction: There are jobs that required intense physical activity and high energy expenditure, such as fish and agriculture. That's why, occupation, is one of the variables that influence in nutritional status and body composition of people who practice thisactivities. Objective: to compare nutritional status and body composition of a group of farmers and occasionally fisherman from Yaguajay municipality, Sancti Spíritus province, in north center of Cuba. Methods: The sample were 19 farmers and 14 occasionally fisherman. The nutritional status was evaluated by body mass index and the risk of central adiposity according to waist circumference. It was estimated body composition. The comparison of variables between farmers and fisherman was done by the t Student test, con significance level <0.05. The dates were analyzed by SPSS 16. Results and discussion: There was a higher frequency of fisherman with overweight according to BMI, with higher risk of non-communicable diseases because of the greater values of waist circumference and with higher general and central adiposity relatively to farmers. Conclusions: There was evidence of the influence of type of jobs because farmers do physical exercise every day in agriculture, meanwhile fisherman fish occasionally and they have different occupations that include some sedentary activities

An empirical comparison of knowledge and skill in the context of traditional ecological knowledge.

BACKGROUND: We test whether traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) about how to make an item predicts a person's skill at making it among the Tsimane' (Bolivia). The rationale for this research is that the failure to distinguish between knowledge and skill might account for some of the conflicting results about the relationships between TEK, human health, and economic development. METHODS: We test the association between a commonly-used measure of individual knowledge (cultural consensus analysis) about how to make an arrow or a bag and a measure of individual skill at making these items, using ordinary least-squares regression. The study consists of 43 participants from 3 villages. RESULTS: We find no association between our measures of knowledge and skill (core model, p > 0.5, R2 = .132). CONCLUSIONS: While we cannot rule out the possibility of a real association between these phenomena, we interpret our findings as support for the claim that researchers should distinguish between methods to measure knowledge and skill when studying trends in TEK.

Efecto del contenido en la resolución de tareas de conjunción probabilísticas / Content effects in probability judgments

El error de conjunción (Tversky & Kahneman, 1983) se estudió en dos escenarios de probabilidad que suponen distintos contenidos en las tareas a resolver: ficcional y realista (Teigen, Martinussen & Lund, 1996). Participaron voluntariamente 83 sujetos de ambos sexos, alumnos de Psicología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, quienes resolvieron ambas tareas. Las diferencias halladas en las cantidades de errores de conjunción al comparar las ejecuciones en los dos escenarios fueron altamente significativas. Los resultados reflejan una disminución de los errores cuando se presentan tareas realistas en lugar de ficcionales. Tales hallazgos indican la relevancia de considerar elementos socioecológicos tanto en razonamientos probabilísticos (Hertwig & Gigerenzer, 1999) como en las estrategias didácticas de enseñanza de probabilidad.