Implementation processes of social network interventions for physical activity and sedentary behavior among children and adolescents: a scoping review.

BACKGROUND: The characteristics of the implementation process of interventions are essential for bridging the gap between research and practice. This scoping review aims to identify the implementation process of social network interventions (SNI) to address physical activity and sedentary behaviors in children and adolescents. METHODS: The scoping review was conducted adhering to the established guidelines. The search was carried out in the ERIC, EBSCO, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Lilacs databases in April 2023. Social network intervention studies in children and adolescents were included, addressing physical activity or sedentary behaviors. Replicability (TIDieR), applicability (PRECIS-2), and generalizability (RE-AIM) were the explored components of the implementation process. Each component was quantitatively and separately analyzed. Then, a qualitative integration was carried out using a narrative method. RESULTS: Most SNI were theoretically framed on the self-determination theory, used social influence as a social mechanism, and used the individual typology of network intervention. Overall, SNI had strong replicability, tended to be pragmatic, and three RE-AIM domains (reach, adoption (staff), and implementation) showed an acceptable level of the generalizability of findings. CONCLUSIONS: The analyzed SNI for physical activity and sedentary behaviors in adolescents tended to be reported with high replicability and were conducted pragmatically, i.e., with very similar conditions to real settings. The RE-AIM domains of reach, adoption (staff), and implementation support the generalizability of SNI. Some domains of the principles of implementation strategies of SNI had acceptable external validity (actor, action targets, temporality, dose, and theoretical justification).

Functional autonomy and sarcopenia markers in women over 55 years of age / Marcadores de autonomía funcional y de sarcopenia en mujeres mayores de 55 años

Abstract Introduction: Some parameters used to diagnose sarcopenia and functional autonomy disorders can lead to interpretation and classification errors. Objective: To analyze sarcopenia markers and their relationship with the strength and gait of physically active older women aged between 55 and 76 years. Materials and Methods: Analytical observational study conducted in 178 physically active Colombian women who were distributed in two age groups (group 1: 55-66 years, n=98, and group 2: 67-76 years, n=80). A multiple linear regression model was used to establish possible correlations between strength and gait indicators (dependent variables) and body composition (independent variables). Results: Fat mass and appendicular mass (appendicular lean/height2(kg/m2)) explained power variance in the lower limbs in group 1 (G1) (SJ: p=0.001, R 2=0.56; CMJ: p=0.001, R 2=0.51; CM-JAS: R 2=0.60, p=0.001). Similar results were observed in group 2 (G2) (SJ: R 2=0.32, DWi=2.14; CMJ: R 2=0.51, DW2=2.38; CMJAS: R 2=0.41, DW3=2.56). Furthermore, fat mass explained variance in gait pattern in G1 and G2 differently (G1: p=-0.006; R 2=20%; G2: p=-0.001; R 2=29%). Conclusion: Recording fat and appendicular mass allow studying negative changes in lower limb strength and their effect on gait pattern, as well as identifying the type of sarcopenia and functional autonomy disorders in physically active Colombian women aged 55 to 76 years.

Resumen Introducción. Algunos parámetros empleados para diagnosticar sarcopenia y alteraciones en la autonomía funcional pueden llevar a errores de clasificación e interpretación. Objetivo. Analizar marcadores de sarcopenia y su relación con la fuerza y marcha de mujeres físicamente activas con edades entre 55 y 76 años. Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional analítico realizado en 178 mujeres colombianas físicamente activas distribuidas en dos grupos (grupo 1: 55-66 años, n=98 y grupo 2: 67-76 años, n=80). Se utilizó un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple para establecer las posibles correlaciones entre los indicadores de fuerza y marcha (variables dependientes) y la composición corporal (variable independiente). Resultados. En el grupo 1 (G1) la masa grasa y la masa apendicular/altura2 explicaron la varianza de la potencia en miembros inferiores (SJ: p=0.001, R 2=0.56; CMJ: p=0.001, R 2=0.51; CMJAS: R 2=0.60, p=0.001). Similares resultados se observaron en el grupo 2 (G2) (SJ: #2=0.32, DWi=2.14; CMJ: R 2=0.51, DW2=2.38; CMJAS: R 2=0.41, DW3=2.56). Además, la masa grasa explicó, de manera diferenciada, la varianza en el G1 y G2 respecto al patrón de marcha (G1: p=-0.006, R 2=20°%; G2: p=-0.001, R 2=29%). Conclusión. Los registros de masa grasa y apendicular permiten estudiar los cambios negativos en la fuerza de miembros inferiores y su efecto sobre el patrón de marcha, así como identificar el tipo de sarcopenia y alteraciones en la autonomía funcional en mujeres colombianas físicamente activas entre 55 y 76 años.

Effects of explosive and impact exercises on gait parameters in elderly women / Efectos de los ejercicios explosivos y de impacto sobre los parámetros de la marcha en adultas mayores

Abstract Introduction: Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have suggested that physical activity programs combining low impact exercises and resistance exercises help maintaining functional capacity in older adults. Objective: To analyze the effects of an aquatic training program involving both impact and explosive exercises on gait parameters of women aged 60 and above. Materials and methods: 60 physically active women (64.08±3.98 years) were divided into 2 groups: those training in a pool by performing series ofjumps, i.e., the experimental group (EG= 35), and the control group (CG=35). EG participants trained 3 times per week during 32 weeks in an hour per session basis. Body composition measurements, explosive strength, and gait parameters (in a 6 meters long track) were assessed using the center of pressure (COP) indicator before and after participating in the training program. Results: When comparing both groups, differences in explosive strength and power (EG vs. CG; p values=from 0.05 to 001) were observed, as well as changes in gait parameters related to the COP (EG vs. CG: p = 0.05-001), in particular EG participants had significant and positive changes. Conclusion: The aquatic training program described here produced an increase in muscle strength and muscle power, thus gait parameters were improved. Bearing this in mind, an improved availability of similar programs for older adults should be considered, since their participation in these programs could help them improve their functional capacity, and, thus, their quality of life.

Resumen Introducción. Varias revisiones sistemáticas y meta-análisis han sugerido que los programas de actividad física que combinan ejercicios de bajo impacto y de fuerza mantienen la capacidad funcional en adultos mayores. Objetivo. Analizar el efecto de un programa de entrenamiento acuático basado en movimientos explosivos y de impacto en los parámetros de la marcha en adultas mayores. Materiales y métodos. 60 mujeres físicamente activas (64.08±3.98 años) fueron divididas en dos grupos, uno control (CG=35) y otro de intervención (entrenamiento en piscina usando multisaltos) (IG=35). El IG entrenó por 32 semanas, 3 días a la semana, 1 hora por sesión. Se evaluó la composición corporal, la fuerza explosiva y los parámetros de la marcha sobre 6m de recorrido usando el centro de presión (COP) antes y después de participar en el programa. Resultados. Se presentaron diferencias en la fuerza explosiva y la potencia (EG vs. CG; p=0.05-001), así como cambios en los parámetros de la marcha relacionados al COP (EG vs. CG: p=0.05-001), con cambios significativos y positivos para EG. Conclusión. El programa de entrenamiento en agua con movimientos de impacto y explosivos induce ganancias en fuerza muscular y potencia, lo que mejora la capacidad de caminar. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, se debe considerar ofrecer una mejor disponibilidad de programas similares a esta población, ya que su participación en estos programas podría ayudarles a mejorar su capacidad funcional y, por tanto, su calidad de vida.

El efecto de los programas de fuerza muscular sobre la capacidad funcional. Revisión sistemática / Effects of muscular strength training programs on functional performance: systematic review

Resumen Introducción. El número de estudios relacionados con la fuerza muscular y la funcionalidad invitan al análisis en profundidad de sus resultados antes de su aplicación profesional. Objetivo. Desarrollar una revisión sistemática para la construcción de programas de actividad física centrados en el entrenamiento de fuerza muscular y la capacidad funcional de sedentarios entre los 19 y 79 años. Materiales y métodos. Se emplearon los parámetros PRISMA, Chocrane y de la Universidad de York para el diseño y ejecución de revisiones sistemáticas. Además, se garantizaron criterios de calidad y especificidad estrictos que permitieron identificar 14 categorías de análisis, de las cuales emergieron las pautas de programación que se informan en la revisión sistemática. Resultados. 49 estudios con nivel de evidencia 1+ (24%), 1- (33%), 2++ (4%), 2+ (29%) y 2- (10%) cumplieron con los criterios de selección establecidos y permitieron alimentar las 14 categorías propuestas y hacer una síntesis de contenido. Conclusión. Es posible elevar el efecto de los programas de actividad física sobre la fuerza muscular y la funcionalidad a partir de la identificación y consideración de unas variables de programación (categoría) básicas que se sustentan en la calidad de evidencia científica circulante.

Abstract Introduction: The amount of publications related to muscular strength and functionality calls on for a deep analysis of the results achieved before their professional implementation. Objective: To carry out a systematic review to design physical activity programs focused on muscular strength and functional training in sedentary people aged between 19 and 79 years. Materials and methods: The PRISMA, Chocrane and the University of York parameters were used for designing and conducting the systematic reviews. In addition, from strict specificity and quality criteria, 14 analysis categories were identified, from which general programming guidelines informed in this study arose. Results: 49 studies with evidence level 1+ (24%), 1- (33%), 2 ++ (4%), 2+ (29%) and 2- (10%) met the established selection criteria and allowed feeding the 14 proposed categories to make a summary of the contents. Conclusion: Increasing the effects of physical activity programs on muscular strength and functionality is possible if some basic programming variables (category) are identified and considered based on high-quality scientific evidence.

[Anthropometric, functional and explosive strength characteristics of physically active women over 50 years old in the city of Bogotá, Colombia]. / Características antropométricas, funcionales y de fuerza explosiva de mujeres mayores de 50 años físicamente activas de la ciudad de Bogotá, Colombia.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between different test measuring explosive strength and functionality of active women participating in a leisure sport program in order to describe the caracteristics of health status and look for tools for diagnosing and monitoring degenerative process. METHODS: This study was conducted on 102 women physically active and without risk factors. Anthropometric, functional independence and explosive strength tests were applied. RESULTS: Mean age 60.08 ± 5.35 years; body mass index: 26.81 ± 3.91; percentage of fat: 52.45 ± 4.75; percentage of muscle mass: 37.24 ± 6.77; tests of functional independence: maximum speed (30 meters): 9.39 ± 1.92 s; speed-agility (30 meters): 12.93 ± 1.59 s, and dynamic balance (6 meters): 21.9 ± 8.01 s. Explosive Strength (Bosco test): Squat Jump: 12.23 ± 3.05 cm, Countermovement Jump: 13.18 ± 3.04 cm and Countermovement Jump Arm swing: 14.80 ± 4.01 cm. CONCLUSION: The statistical relationships found between body composition, explosive strength and functionality tests, are important tools for diagnosing and monitoring, and could improve the intervention models on the elderly.