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1.
Enferm. glob ; 19(60): 196-207, oct. 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-200738

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: El cáncer es una de las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad en el mundo, según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), en 2012 14 millones de casos nuevos y 8,2 millones de muertes. Se demostró que los pacientes en tratamiento, cirugía, quimioterapia y radioterapia tienen niveles altos de cortisol que influye en su calidad de vida. OBJETIVO: Identificar la relación entre el estrés, a nivel de cortisol y las estrategias de afrontamiento en pacientes con cáncer sometidos a tratamiento. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal, descriptivo y correlacional realizado junio a diciembre del 2019. RESULTADOS EPIDEMIOLÓGICOS: 68.2% mujeres 31.8 % hombres, entre 17 y 76 años, con diagnósticos de: Ca mama (30.3%), de próstata (18.3), colon (15.2), pulmón (13.6), cervical (12.1% gástrico (9.1%) cáncer de piel (1.5%). Estadísticos: El 35,3% informaron cortisol a niveles normales y 64.5% niveles altos; el estrés obtuvo un promedio de 13.9 (DE = 4.64). Sobre el nivel de cortisol y el tipo de tratamiento, se observaron diferencias significativas (X2 = 1,546, p = .04), es decir, el paciente que tienen un tratamiento mixto el cortisol es más alto. CONCLUSIONES: Es importante reevaluar las estrategias centradas en el problema, analizar implicaciones y proponer estudios en el contexto en que se desenvuelven, en futuro desarrollar una intervención incluyendo actividades de enfermería en la quimioterapia y radioterapia, apoyando estrategias de afrontamiento efectivas. En este sentido y derivado de la minimización de amenazas centradas en el problema, es importante tener un enfoque integral más profundo


INTRODUCTION: Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2012 14 million new cases and 8.2 million deaths. (WHO, 2019). Patients in treatment, surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy have been shown to have high levels of cortisol that influence their quality of life. OBJECTIVE: to identify the relationship between stress, cortisol level and coping strategies in cancer patients undergoing treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational study conducted June to December 2018. In 65 male and female patients under treatment. RESULTS: 68.2% were women 31.8% men, between 17 and 76 years. With diagnoses Ca breast (30.3%), prostate cancer (18.3), colon (15.2), lung (13.6), cervical (12.1% gastric (9.1%) skin cancer (1.5%). Statistics: 35.3% reported cortisol at normal levels and 64.5% high levels; stress averaged 13.9 (DE s 4.64). On the level of cortisol and the type of treatment, significant differences were observed (X2 X 1,546, p .04), i.e. the patient who has a mixed treatment cortisol is higher. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to reevaluate the strategies focused on the problem, analyze implications and propose studies in the context in which they operate, in the future develop an intervention including nursing activities in chemotherapy and radiotherapy, supporting effective coping strategies. minimizing threats focused on the problem, it is important to have a deeper comprehensive approach


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Hidrocortisona/análise , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Adaptação Psicológica/classificação , Neoplasias/psicologia , Síndrome de Adaptação Geral/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Metástase Neoplásica/fisiopatologia , Radioterapia/psicologia , Tratamento Farmacológico/psicologia , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica/estatística & dados numéricos
2.
Rev. CES psicol ; 12(1): 69-79, ene.-abr. 2019. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1057140

RESUMO

Resumen Objetivo: Identificar las alteraciones neuropsicológicas asociadas a la depresión en adultos mayores con trastorno neurocognitivo (TNC) leve debido a la enfermedad de Alzheimer, de la Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE) del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS). Cuadro teórico: Los hallazgos han demostrado que los cambios neurocognitivos son más evidentes cuando existe depresión en el adulto mayor. Metodología: Participaron en esta investigación un total de 785 adultos mayores con Alzheimer, divididos en dos grupos: El experimental, en el que participaron mayores con diagnóstico clínico de depresión, y el de Control, cuyos participantes no presentaban depresión. Todos fueron evaluados a través del Inventario de Depresión de Beck II (BDI-II) y la Batería Neuropsicológica NEUROPSI. Resultados: Existen correlaciones significativas entre la depresión y las funciones neuropsicológicas y, además, la depresión presenta una influencia significativa en la orientación, atención y concentración, memoria, lenguaje y funciones ejecutivas. Conclusiones: Los procesos neuropsicológicos en adultos mayores con TNC leve debido a la enfermedad de Alzheimer, presentan deterioro funcional negativo y reducido, de modo que el nivel de disminución está relacionado con el nivel de depresión.


Abstract Objective: Identifying the neuropsychological alterations associated with depression on the elderly with mild neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease, of the High Specialty Medical Unit (UMAE) at the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS). Theoretical: The findings have also shown that all neurocognitive changes are more evident when depression emerges in the elderly. Methodology: 785 elderly people with Alzheimer's disease participated in the research, divided in two groups: the experimental group, where elderly had a clinical diagnosis of depression and the control group, whose participants do not suffer from depression. Participants were evaluated with the administration of the Beck II Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and the NEUROPSI Neuropsychological Battery. Results: Statistically meaningful effects were found between depression and neuropsychological mechanisms; in addition, depression has a significant influence in orientation, attention and concentration, memory, language and executive functions. Conclusions: Considering the results, it can be verified that the neuropsychological processes have a negative and reduced functioning impairments, considering that the level of decrease is related to depression level.

3.
Av. enferm ; 36(2): 209-219, maio-ago. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BDENF - Enfermagem, COLNAL | ID: biblio-973965

RESUMO

Resumen Objetivo: El propósito de esta revisión es conocer la evidencia científica existente de la relación entre la violencia contra la mujer (VCM) y su índice de masa corporal (IMC) (alto y bajo). Síntesis del contenido: Se realizó una revisión integradora de las publicaciones científicas que abordaron y relacionaran la VCM y el IMC en diferentes bases de datos. Se consideraron los siete pasos de Cooper. Se analizaron por título, año de publicación, autores y fuente; finalmente, se estudiaron los aspectos metodológicos. Se identificaron 85 artículos y se excluyeron 67 por no cumplir con los criterios de inclusión; seis de los artículos incluidos en la revisión, reportaron correlación positiva y significativa entre la VCM con el IMC alto (sobrepeso/obesidad). Asimismo, siete de los artículos refieren una relación significativa entre la VCM y el IMC bajo, de tal manera que a mayor violencia contra la mujer, se presenta un IMC más bajo en las mujeres. Conclusión: Los resultados encontrados muestran la existencia escasa de literatura científica que aborde la temática de la VCM y el IMC. Algunos estudios muestran la relación entre la VCM y el IMC alto y bajo. Los resultados no son concluyentes, por lo que se requiere generar líneas de acción y atención a las mujeres receptoras de los diferentes tipos de violencia.


Resumo Objetivo: O objetivo desta revisão é conhecer as evidências científicas existentes sobre a relação entre violencia contra mulheres (VCM) e seu índice de massa corporal (IMC) (baixo peso, sobrepeso/obesidade). Síntese do conteúdo: Uma revisão integrativa das publicações científicas que abordam e relacionam a vcm e o IMC em diferentes bases de dados. Os sete passos de Cooper foram considerados. Foram analisados por título, ano de publicação, autores e fonte; finalmente, os aspectos metodológicos foram estudados. Identificaram-se 85 artigos, 67 artigos foram excluídos porque não atendiam aos criterios de inclusão; seis dos artigos incluídos na revisão relataram uma correlação positiva e significativa entre a VMC com o IMC alto (sobrepeso/obesidade). Da mesma forma, sete dos artigos referem-se a uma relação significativa entre VMC e baixo IMC, ou seja, quanto maior a violência, um imc mais baixo é relatado. Conclusão: Os resultados mostram a existência de literatura científica escassa abordando a questão da VMC e IMC. Alguns estudos mostram a relação entre a violência contra as mulheres e o alto e baixo IMC. Os resultados não são conclusivos, por isso é necessário gerar linhas de ação e atenção às mulheres que recebem os diferentes tipos de violência.


Abstract Objective: The objective of this review is to know the existing scientific evidence of the relation between violence against women and their body mass index (BMI) (underweight, overweight/obese). Content synthesis: An integrative review of the scientific publications that approached and related violence against women and BMI in different databases. Cooper's seven steps were considered. They were analyzed by title, year of publication, authors and source; and, finally, by methodological aspects. It was possible to identify 85 articles, -67 articles were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria-. Six of the articles included in the review reported a positive and significant correlation between violence against women with high BMI (overweight/obesity). In other words, the higher the violence, a high BMI is reported. Likewise, seven of the articles referred to a significant relation between violence against women and low BMI, such a way to greater violence against women, a lower women's BMI is found. Conclusion: The results show the existence of scarce scientific literature that addresses the issue of violence against women and BMI. Some studies expose the relation between violence against women and high and low BMI. The results are inconclusive, so it is necessary to generate lines of action and attention to women who suffer different types of violence.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Violência , Mulheres , Índice de Massa Corporal , Violência contra a Mulher , Revisão Sistemática
4.
Rev Enferm ; 39(4): 46-51, 2016 Apr.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27349063

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH) represent a serious problem around the world since they have important consequences, personal and economic, this making it a public problem health. The PUSH are a challenge for professionals nursing at all levels of care. OBJECTVE: Identify the frequency of Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing in patients hospitalized in coronary and intensive unit care of a high specialty hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive, observational, prospective, and cross-sectional study. The population was composed of 139 patients who were admitted in June and July period of 2015 in the Coronary and Intensive Unit Care. RESULTS: The total of patients valued (139) show a mean age of 50 years old, the 51.8% male, of these the 61.4% developed a skin lesion related to prostration. The 84.17% are not mobilized as recommended, of these the (45.3%) belonged to Neurosurgery, with a range hospital stay from 1 to 36-day. The 79.8% (111 patients) were under sedation drug. Directly related to the emergence of PUSH, obtaining 41% of patients ulcerated lesions the 8.2 average days. CONCLUSIONS: The PUSH as problem are present in a Coronary and General Intensive Care Unit frequently (41%) in June and July of 2015. The care and treatment of people with PUSH must be dynamic and interdisciplinary.


Assuntos
Úlcera por Pressão/epidemiologia , Unidades de Cuidados Coronarianos , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Hospitalização , Hospitais Especializados , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos
5.
Rev. Rol enferm ; 39(4): 278-283, abr. 2016. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-151359

RESUMO

Introducción. Las úlceras por presión (UPP) representan un problema grave a nivel mundial ya que tienen consecuencias importantes, personales y económicas, lo que las convierte en un problema de salud pública. Las UPP constituyen un reto para los profesionales de enfermería en todos los niveles de la atención. Objetivo. Identificar la frecuencia de UPP en pacientes hospitalizados en la Unidad De Cuidados Intensivos y Coronarios de un hospital de alta especialidad. Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prolectivo, observacional, de corte longitudinal. La población estuvo compuesta por 139 pacientes que ingresaron en el periodo de junio y julio de 2015. Resultados. Considerando el total de pacientes valorados (139), muestran una media de edad de 50 años, siendo hombres un 51.8 %. El 61.4 % desarrolló alguna lesión cutánea relacionada con la inmovilización. Se mostró que el 84.17 % no se moviliza según lo recomendado. De estos, el 45.3 % pertenecía a Neurocirugía, con un rango de hospitalización de 1 a 36 días. El 79.8 % (111 pacientes) se encontraba bajo sedación farmacológica. En relación directa con la aparición de UPP, se obtuvo un 41 % de pacientes ulcerados y un promedio de aparición de lesiones a los 8.2 días. Conclusiones. Las UPP como problema están presentes en Terapia Intensiva General y Coronarios con una frecuencia del 41 % en junio y julio de 2015. El cuidado y tratamiento de las personas con UPP ha de ser dinámico e interdisciplinar (AU)


Introduction. The Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH) represent a serious problem around the world since they have important consequences, personal and economic, this making it a public problem health. The PUSH are a challenge for professionals nursing at all levels of care. Objective. Identify the frequency of Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing in patients hospitalized in coronary and intensive unit care of a high specialty hospital. Material and methods. A descriptive, observational, prospective, and cross-sectional study. The population was composed of 139 patients who were admitted in June and July period of 2015 in the Coronary and Intensive Unit Care. Results. The total of patients valued (139) show a mean age of 50 years old, the 51.8 % male, of these the 61.4 % developed a skin lesion related to prostration. The 84.17 % are not mobilized as recommended, of these the (45.3 %) belonged to Neurosurgery, with a range hospital stay from 1 to 36-day. The 79.8 % (111 patients) were under sedation drug. Directly related to the emergence of PUSH, obtaining 41 % of patients ulcerated lesions the 8.2 average days. Conclusions. The PUSH as problem are present in a Coronary and General Intensive Care Unit frequently (41 %) in june and july of 2015. The care and treatment of people with PUSH must be dynamic and interdisciplinary (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Úlcera por Pressão/diagnóstico , Úlcera por Pressão/enfermagem , Úlcera por Pressão/terapia , Cuidados Críticos/normas , Cuidados Críticos , Úlcera por Pressão/epidemiologia , Úlcera por Pressão/prevenção & controle , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Longitudinais , Limitação da Mobilidade , Estado de Consciência/fisiologia
6.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26793009

RESUMO

Stress is experienced during cancer, and impairs the immune system's ability to protect the body. Our aim was to investigate if isolation stress has an impact on the development of tumors in rats, and to measure the size and number of tumors and the levels of corticosterone. Breast cancer was induced in two groups of female rats (N=20) by administration of a single dose of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea 50 mg/kg. Rats in the control group (cancer induction condition) were allowed to remain together in a large cage, whereas in the second group, rats were also exposed to a stressful condition, that is, isolation (cancer induction and isolation condition, CIIC). The CIIC group displayed anxious behavior after 10 weeks of isolation. In the CIIC group, 16 tumors developed, compared with only eleven tumors in the control cancer induction condition group. In addition, compared with the control group, the volume of tumors in the CIIC group was greater, and more rats had more than one tumor and cells showed greater morphological damage. Levels of corticosterone were also significantly different between the two groups. This study supports the hypothesis that stress can influence the development of cancer, but that stress itself is not a sufficient factor for the development of cancer in rats. The study also provides new information for development of experimental studies and controlled environments.

7.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BDENF - Enfermagem | ID: biblio-1035283

RESUMO

Resumen:


Introducción: actualmente sufrimos las consecuencias de una pandemia de enfermedades relacionadas con la diversidad de estilos de vida. Objetivos: examinar y analizar el estilo de vida en un grupo de familias, en la Salud Pública y familiar. Métodos: estudio cualitativo, exploratorio y descriptivo realizado en familias integradas por padre, madre, hijo/a. Se han aplicado entrevistas y el criterio de saturación, con los conceptos liberadores de Paulo Freire. Resultados: el estudio ha manifestado la diversidad del estilo de vida en las familias, con condicionantes en la convivencia familiar, maltrato psicológico y físico, religión, economía y salud. Otro aspecto fue la transformación de la cultura en las familias. Conclusiones: aseverando que las familias se han trasfigurado en su cultura y tradiciones, se han de analizar los programas de apoyo a las familias de las políticas públicas, lo que permitirá descubrir las necesidades de la población y, de este modo, reconocer la verdadera necesidad de la familias a la hora de establecer el trabajo a desarrollar.


Assuntos
Humanos , Enfermagem em Saúde Pública , Estilo de Vida , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Pesquisa em Enfermagem , México , Peru
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