Natural treatment system for wastewater (NTSW) in a livestock farm, with five years of pilot plant management and monitoring.

This paper reports results of a 5-year trial study of a natural treatment system for wastewater (NTSW) on a livestock pig farm on Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain). The pilot plant consist of a rotary screen, a first-generation multi-chamber digester, and two horizontal subsurface flow treatment wetlands (HSFCW) with a pond installed between them. Results show that the removal efficiency of total chemical oxygen demand (CODt), total suspended solids (TSS), volatile solids (VS) and total dissolved solids (TDS) of the treatment were 91.77%, 95.99%, 82.62%, and 55.78%, respectively. Other removal values include 93.79% for total nitrogen (TN) and 93.05% for phosphorus (P2O5). The results demonstrate the suitability of NTSW solutions applied to livestock waste in pig farms and their potential application to other farms of similar size.

Application of a mathematical model to predict simultaneous reactions in anaerobic plug-flow reactors as a primary treatment for constructed wetlands.

Anaerobic digestion technologies offer a set of advantages when they are implemented as a primary treatment phase prior to the use of constructed wetland systems in low cost wastewater facilities. The aim of this study is to describe a model capable of reflecting the complex functioning of anaerobic lagoons, subject to continuous flux in the feed pipe, taking into account that physicochemical properties are subject to a concentration gradient and biochemical ones to simultaneous reactions which depend on each other. Based on both Stokes and advection-diffusion-reaction equations, the proposed model includes twenty-one variables to describe hydraulic, physical, biochemical and physicochemical characteristics that take place in different points of the system and at different moments of time. Drawn up by the International Water Association, the anaerobic digestion model ADM1 is included for the purpose of incorporating the anaerobic processes in the calculation. The finite element method was used to solve the nonlinear, second order partial differential equations of the model. The calculation strategy was designed using a flowchart. Using the open-source FreeFem++ software, a simulation of the mathematical model, in bi-dimensional space, is presented to demonstrate the dynamic behaviour of the proposed model. This yields essential information about the performance of the substrate, cells, and the biochemical reaction products in each of the points within the reactor. Simulations show the potential of this methodology to carry out studies of the behaviour of each of the variables contemplated in the model, as well as comparative studies of the various possible options. In addition, this methodology can be used to help modify the behaviour of the variables based on digester geometry and the boundary values the system is subject to. From the results, it can be concluded that the proposed methodology can be a useful tool for calculating and designing the aforementioned synergistic systems of anaerobic digester plug-flow reactors and constructed wetlands.

Mielitis transversa por herpes zóster / Transverse myelitis due to herpes zoster

La infección por el virus varicela-zóster es relativamente frecuente en la población general. Habitualmente el diagnóstico clínico es sencillo y no suele precisar estudios complementarios. En algunos casos, detrás de esta infección subyace un estado de inmunodepresión, como una diabetes, tratamientos inmunosupresores, corticoides, pacientes trasplantados, infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), etc. Presentamos un caso en el que la infección por el virus varicela-zóster ha ido mucho más allá de las manifestaciones cutáneas, desarrollando alteraciones neurológicas severas, que sirvieron como guía para diagnosticar una infección por el VIH subyacente (AU)

Infection due to varicella-zoster virus is relatively common in the general population. The clinical diagnosis is usually straightforward and does not require complementary studies to confirm it. In some cases, there is an underlying condition behind this infection, such as an immunosuppressive disorder, diabetes, immunosuppressant treatments, corticoids, transplants, etc. We present a case in which an infection due varicella-zoster virus went further than just cutaneous signs, developing severe neurological alterations, that served as a guide to the diagnosis an infection due to underlying HIV (AU)

[Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the prostate gland]. / Linfoma no-Hodgkin primitivo de glándula prostática.

The clinical, morphological, microscopic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural findings in a case of primary non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma of the prostate gland is reported. The presenting features were not distinct from those of nodular hyperplasia. Following biopsy, the lesion was classified as monoclonal IgM-secreting, low grade, malignant beta-lymphoma. We discuss the good outcome of this case and the prognostic value of several clinical and morphological parameters. Finally, the therapeutic possibilities for this tumor type are compared with those of extranodal lymphomas in other sites.