[Aspiration bronchopneumonia as a complication of acute poisoning with psychotropic drugs]. / Aspiraciona bronhopneumonija kao komplikacija u akutnim trovanjima psihofarmacima.

In the five year period, retrospectively and prospectively, the frequency, clinical, radiographic and bacteriological characteristics of the aspiration bronchopneumonia (ABPN) were followed in the acute poisoning by psychotropic drugs (PD). In 1769 patients with acute poisoning by PD, ABPN was determined in 44 (2.49%) patients, and most frequently in groups with polymedicamentous (5.99%) and neuroleptic (5.17%) poisoning, and rarely in the group poisoned by anxiolytics (0.77%). Severest poisonings by PD were complicated by ABPN in 16.84% of cases. High conformity of clinical and radiographic finding of bronchopneumonia was achieved. The diagnosis of bronchopneumonia was established on the day of admission at the Clinic in 81.9% of cases on the other day in 13.6% and on the third day in 4.5% of patients. Bacteriological examination of sputum revealed the pathogens in 63.6% of patients, but in no patients the anaerobic bacteria were isolated. The treatment was very complex, and beside the detoxification measures, it was necessary to remove the aspirated contents from the respiratory tract (usually during endotracheal intubation or therapeutic bronchoscopy) and immediately apply antibiotics. The examinees were hospitalized twice longer than the patients whose course of poisoning by PD was not complicated by ABPN. The poisoning ended lethally in two (4.5%) patients. In no cases the ABPN was the immediate cause of death, but it significantly contributed to the lethal outcome.

[Carbamazepine cardiotoxicity in acute poisoning]. / Kardiotoksicnost karbamazepina u akutnim trovanjima.

Manifestations of cardiotoxicity in 9 patients with acute carabamazepine poisoning treated at the Clinic of Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology of the M.M.A. in 1989 are reported. In all patients together with symptoms and signs characteristic for acute carbamezapine poisoning, there have been also present disorders of the cardiovascular system. The most common clinical signs of cardiotoxicity have been tachycardia and hypotension, and electrocardiographic, ventricular extrasystoles and repolarization disorders. Cardiotoxic manifestations in two cases have been the vital threat for the patients. After application of nonspecific and symptomatic therapy, clinical and electrocardiographic signs of cardiotoxicity were withdrawn, that is, heart sequeles were not recorded.

[Pharmacokinetics of the oxime, HI-6, in patients with acute organophosphorus insecticide poisoning]. / Farmakokinetika oksima HI-6 u bolesnika sa akutnim trovanjem organofosfornim insekticidima.

The results of the study of the pharmacokinetics of a new cholinesterase reactivator--the HI-6 oxime in patients with acute organophosphorus insecticide poisoning and results of effects of its way of application on the rapidity and efficacy of treatment are reported. The results have shown that pharmacokinetic behaviour of HI-6 oxime has been changed during poisoning but these changes have not caused additional risks or changes in the accepted regime of drug dosage. Also, there have been no significant differences in efficacy and speed of reactivation of acetylcholinesterase inhibited by organophosphates when HI-6 is applied in the form of permanent intravenous infusion or repeated intramuscular injections.