Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia after COVID-19 vaccination, complicated with COVID-19 and mucormycosis: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare and fatal opportunistic viral demyelinating infectious disease of the central nervous system (CNS). There are various clinical presenting symptoms for the disease. CASE PRESENTATION: This paper presents a clinical case of PML in a patient with B-Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), previously treated with Chlorambucil, later complicated later with COVID-19 and mucormycosis. CONCLUSION: PML can develop in the setting of cellular immune dysfunction. Late diagnosis of this disease based on nonspecific symptoms is common, therefore when we face a neurological complication in a CLL or immunocompromised patient, we should consider PML infection. A remarkable feature of this case is the possible triggering effect of COVID-19 vaccination for emergence of PML as the disease can be asymptomatic or sub-clinical before diagnosis.

Lactate plasma level as a potential biomarker in early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy: A case-control survey.

Introduction: A novel metabolomics survey proposed lactic acid as a diagnostic biomarker to detect ectopic pregnancy (EP). Here we investigate the plasma level of lactate for early diagnosis of EP as a potential biomarker. Methods: In a case-control study, the reproductive aged women with definite tubal EP (6-10 weeks' gestation), referred to our department during 2021-2022, considered as case group, and women with normal singleton pregnancy in the same gestational age as control group. After informed concept, demographic data (maternal and gestational age and parity) recorded and 5 mL venous blood samples were taken to detect the lactate plasma level. The data analyzed using SPSS software ver22. Results: Finally, 95 participations (50 in case and 45 in control group) enrolled. The clinical results showed that the most of case group were aged more than 35 years old with had higher parity and body mass index, but, no statistically significant difference showed up. On the other hand, although the lactate level was slightly higher in women with EP, but, the plasma lactate level did not statistically differ between the two study groups. Also, the logistic regression showed no relationship between the demographic variables and the lactate plasma level. Conclusion: It seems that the plasma level of lactate cannot be a diagnostic biomarker for EP.

Vitamin D serum level in participants with positive history of recurrent herpes labialis.

AIM: Vitamin D plays an important role in immune system regulation, also its deficiency is assumed to affect the patients' predisposition to viral diseases such as recurrent herpes labialis. In this cross-sectional study, we tried to compare the mean serum level of vitamin D in participants with a positive history of recurrent herpes labial lesions and healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The vitamin D serum level of 43 participants with a positive history of recurrent herpes labial lesions who were referred to the Motahhari laboratory in Shiraz during 2020-2022, was compared with 42 healthy controls. It was assessed by an Elisa kit. An Independent T-test was used to compare the vitamin D serum level between two genders. In order to assess the mean age value and gender distribution, an independent T-test and Pearson Chi-Square were used, respectively for the two groups. The serum vitamin D level was compared between both control and test groups. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between vitamin D mean serum levels in the two evaluated groups (p.value = 0.72). Although the age (p.value = 0.09) and recurrence (p.value = 0.13) of herpes labialis had no statistically significant relation to the vitamin D serum level, the healing duration of herpes labialis was inversely related (p.value = 0.01). Lower-level of serum vitamin D were accompanied by a longer healing duration of the lesions. CONCLUSION: Although the vitamin D serum level of participants with a history of recurrent herpes labialis had no relation with age and herpes virus recurrence frequency, a longer healing duration of lesions had been reported in patients with lower serum levels of vitamin D.

The Effect of Easily Implementable Changes to the "D's of Stroke Care" in Reducing Sex Disparity in Door-to-Needle Time.

BACKGROUND: Door-to-needle (DTN) is the duration between patient's arrival at the hospital and receiving intravenous thrombolysis in ischemic stroke settings, for which studies have reported delays in women. The "D's of stroke care" describes 8 steps (D1 to D8) in patients' time tracker. We implemented simple modifications to the "D's of stroke care" by splitting D4 and D6 steps into these substeps: patients' arrival to the emergency room (D4-A), early assessment by a neurologist (D4-B), neurologist decision on patient's eligibility to receive recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (D6-A), and patient's transfer to the stroke unit (D6-B). We evaluated the effect of these changes on reducing DTN time disparity between men and women. METHODS: This study was conducted from September 2019 to August 2021, at a comprehensive stroke center. Patients were analyzed in 2 groups: group 1, before, and group 2, after using the modifications. Sex as the main variable of interest along with other covariates was regressed toward the DTN time. RESULTS: In groups 1 and 2, 47 and 56 patients received intravenous thrombolysis, respectively. Although there was a significant difference in DTN≤1 hour between women and men in group 1 (36% vs. 52%, P =0.019), it was not significantly different in group 2 ( P =0.97). Regression analysis showed being female was a significant predictor of DTN>1 hour in group 1 (adjusted odds ratio=6.65, P =0.02), whereas after using the modifications, sex was not a significant predictor for delayed DTN. CONCLUSIONS: Implementing these substeps reduced sex disparity in DTN time in our center.

WITHDRAWN: Evaluating the Antifungal Activity of Rumex acetosella, Teucrium polium, and Glycyrrihize globra var. violacca on Pathogenic Dermatophytes and Determining Phenolic Compounds

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The Effect of Gold Nano Particles with Different Sizes on Streptococcus Species.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Streptococcus salivarius are most common etiologic bacteria for dental caries. Different sizes of gold nanoparticles may have different antibacterial effects on these species. PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the antibacterial effect of chlorhexidine and three sizes of gold nano particles (25, 60, 90nm) against clinical and standard strains of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Streptococcus salivarius. MATERIALS AND METHOD: In this cross-sectional study, the specimens were collected from 75 children aged 3-5 years old. Antibacterial effect of chlorhexidine and three sizes of gold nano particles (25, 60, 90nm) were investigated by evaluating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against three bacterial strains. RESULTS: The MIC and MBC of gold nanoparticles with different sizes against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Streptococcus salivarius were statistically different. The MIC and MBC of smaller gold nano particles (25nm) were significantly lower (p<0.001) than larger ones. Patient-derived bacteria had significantly higher values of MIC and MBC in comparison to standard species (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The results of this study confirmed the significant size-dependency of gold nano particles for antibacterial activity. As the size of gold nano particles decrease, the antibacterial properties enhance.

Designing of a pH-activatable carbon dots as a luminescent nanoprobe for recognizing folate receptor-positive cancer cells.

During recent years, cancer has been recognized as a well-known disorder all over the world. One of the important factors to tackle this problem better than past decades is early diagnosis that takes into practice by state-of-the-art visual equipment for detection cancer cells. Herein, in this research, we synthesized carbon dots with pH-dependent behavior from a green source by hydrothermal method with high quantum yield and blue fluorescence. Folic acid-conjugated carbon dots by an efficient and optimal conjugation method were set upped which determined cancer cells visually. These synthesized and conjugated nanoparticles entered into the cancer cells more comprehensive than normal cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis and could distinguish cancer cells from normal ones by fluorescence imaging. Ultimately, synthesized nanoparticles in this research can be considered as an efficient fluorescent nanoprobe for cancer pre-diagnosis.

Comparison of the sex hormones' serum level in women with recurrent aphthous stomatitis and healthy population: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the sex hormonal serum level in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis and compare them with healthy participants. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was done on patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis who had referred to Shiraz Dental Faculty, Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine Department during 2018-2019. The non -menopause women with recurrence of at least 3 lesions per year were enrolled in this study. The mean serum level of FSH, LH, PRL (prolactin), testosterone, DHT (Dihydrotestosterone), DHEA-S (Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate), estradiol and progesterone of 30 participants in each group of case and control were measured and compared. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 18 and independent T-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman's correlation coefficient test, Chi-square test and Fisher's test. RESULTS: The mean serum level of DHEA-S in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) was significantly lower than the control group (p value = 0.02). In addition to DHEA-S, the mean serum level of testosterone was lower in the evaluation group although this difference was not significant (p value = 0.057). Considering the effect of age on the mean serum level of sex hormones, our results revealed that only DHEA-S mean serum level was decreased by increasing the age of participants in patients with RAS (p value = 0.018). The number of participants with abnormal range of testosterone (p value < 0.0001) and progesterone (p value = 0.037) serum level was significantly more in patients with RAS. The frequency of RAS in a year did not show a significant relationship with the serum level of the evaluated hormones. CONCLUSION: The patients with RAS had a lower serum level of DHEA-S. The mean serum level of testosterone and progesterone was significantly abnormal in RAS patients.

The Impact of Adding Prandial Insulin to a Basal Based Regimen with Insulin Glargine in Type 2 Diabetic Patients.

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a progressive disease that should be managed with insulin in case of oral glucose lowering drugs (OGLDs) failure. If basal insulin is not sufficient, rapid acting insulin will be added before the largest meal. We assessed the impact of adding one prandial insulin to a basal based regimen and insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes to measure the percentage of subjects achieving the HbA1c target by the end of 24 weeks of treatment in routine clinical practice. Methods: This study was a 24-week observational study of patients with T2D not adequately controlled with OGLDs and basal insulin, for whom the physician had decided to initiate prandial insulin. The study endpoint was assessed at visit 1 (baseline), visit 2 at week 12 (±1 week) and visit 3 at week 24 (±1 week). The percentage of patients who achieved HbA1c targets was assessed at week 24. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS for Windows v 19 (IBM, Armonk, New York, USA). Logistic regression analysis was used to detect predicting factors of achieving the HbA1c target by week 24. P<0.05 was considered as significant level. Results : Four hundred and eighteen patients with a mean±SD age of 56.24±9.85 years and a mean±SD duration of diabetes of 12.50±7.16 years were included. The median total daily dose of basal insulin was 24 units, while prandial insulin was started with 6 (4, 10) U/day, titrating up to 10 (8, 18) U/day at week 24. The daily dose of prandial insulin was the only factor that could significantly predict achieving targeted HbA1c by week 24 [OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.007,1.079; p-value: 0.019]. At week 24, 96 (22.9%) subjects achieved the HbA1c target with one prandial insulin. Conclusion : The results of our study suggest that "basal plus therapy" can lead to good glycemic control with a low risk of hypoglycemia and weight gain in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Evaluation of the effect of acupuncture on pain of patients with refractory trigeminal neuralgia / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To assess the effect of acupuncture on pain of patients with refractory trigeminal neuralgia (TN).Methods: Acupuncture was accomplished for 14 patients with refractory TN, 3 sessions in a week for 10 sessions. Every treatment session lasted about 30 min. The pain severity of patients was evaluated by visual analog scale (VAS) at days 0, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 1 month later as follow up. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 18.0. Results: The mean age of participants was (59.4±13.2) years old. The VAS points decreased from day 0 to the follow-up. As the results showed, the amount of VAS points decreased by acupuncture has emerged more significance in comparisons between days 0, 3 and days 14, 21, and the one-month follow-up, the differences in VAS points on the mentioned days were significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Acupuncture can cause proper pain relief for refractory TN. Acupuncture can induce an analgesic effect after multiple repetitions of therapeutic sessions.

Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Electroactive Dye/LDHs Nanoplatelet Matrix Film for Advanced Dual Electro-optical Sensing Applications.

It proved that the most destructive effects of the toxic Al3+ ion on the human nervous system and disease that are involved with this system, such as Alzheimer's. The development of solid-state electrodes is still in its infancy during the sensor-based detection methods for Al3+. Hence, in this study, a novel flexible ITO/PET-based electrochemical solid-state sensor was designed and constructed. Modification of the surface of electrode bedding was done by layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of Mg-Al LDH. nanoplatelets along with alizarin red S (ARS) in an interconnected matrix film. In the molecular design of sensing base of the electrode, the electroactive organic units (ARS molecules) present in the ITO/PET-layered (ARS/LDHs)n matrix are involved in electrochemical reactions when exposed to the target molecule (Al3+ ion), so the electrochemical changes of the new formed Al-chelated system are detectable. This type of sensor is used for sensitive and selective detection of Al3+. The minimum sheet resistance, morphology and high electrocatalytic activity of the modified matrix film are obtained in the fifth cycle of LbL assembly technique. In this electrochemical sensor, both electrochemical and optical methods were detected with high sensitivity and selectivity of Al3+, so that in a cyclic voltammetry electrochemical method, the lower detection limit of 10.1 nM with a linear range of [0.2-120 µM] was obtained compared to the fluorescence-based optical method.

Comparative study of serum zinc concentration in recurrent herpes labialis patients and healthy individuals.

BACKGROUND: Recurrent herpes labialis (RHL) is a common recurrent infective vesiculoulcerative disease. Topical and systemic administration of Zinc compounds has been indicated to have preventive and therapeutic effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the serum level of zinc in the patients with RHL and healthy individuals and also to investigate the correlation of this level with various parameters of the patient and disease course. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on 43 patients with a history of recurrent herpers labialis and 42 subjects without any previous experience of the lesion. Blood samples were taken, and serum zinc level was measured using colorimetry (spectrophotometry) method. Chi-Square test was used to compare the qualitative relationships, and for comparing the quantitative relationships, independent T-test was used. To observe the relationship of quantitative factors including serum zinc level, the number of relapses, and recovery rates, correlation test was taken. RESULTS: The results show that, serum zinc level has no significant difference between healthy subjects and the patients (p > 0.05). Also, zinc level was not related to age and sex factors and frequency of relapse (p > 0.05). However surprisingly, there was a significant relationship between zinc level and recovery period in the RHL patients. The lower the serum zinc level, the higher the duration of recovery (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that, zinc deficiency can be considered as a risk factor for increasing the duration of herpes labialis lesions. Therefore, the evaluation of serum zinc level in the subjects with RHL and subsequent administration of zinc are recommended in these kind of patients.

The LncRNA H19 rs217727 Polymorphism Is Associated with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Susceptibility in Iranian Population.

Lack of protein-coding capacity is a main characteristic of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) which, as molecular biomarkers, have found a novel pharmacological application in cancer and are reported to be important regulators of gene expression. H19 is reportedly involved in cancer progression and tumorigenesis. One of the most common types of head and neck cancers is oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the correlation of OSCC susceptibility with H19 gene in an Iranian population. This research was performed on 400 subjects of both sexes referred to the Namazi Hospital affiliated with the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS). Individuals aged 15-88 years were divided into two groups: pathologically diagnosed patients with new-onset OSCC and healthy controls. After written and informed consent was obtained from the individuals, genomic DNA was extracted. The tetra-primer ARMS-PCR technique was performed for DNA genotyping by the use of specific primer pairs. The susceptibility of OSCC and H19 gene polymorphism sites was further analyzed (rs217727 and rs2107425). The allele and genotype frequencies of H19 rs2107425 polymorphism were similar between OSCC cases and controls. The H19 rs217727T allele frequency was significantly higher in OSCC cases (P = 0.002), and the polymorphism of H19 rs217727 was associated with OSCC susceptibility in the codominant (OR = 6.04, 95%CI = 1.70 - 21.42, P = 0.001 for TT genotype), dominant (OR = 1.62, 95%CI = 1.08 - 2.43, P = 0.01), and recessive (OR = 5.32, 95%CI = 1.51 - 18.69, P = 0.003) models. This study showed that rs217727 and OSCC susceptibility were statistically correlated in the Iranian population.

The Association between Dyslipidemia and Preterm Birth: A Prospective Cohort Study in The North of Iran.

BACKGROUND: Dyslipidemia is recognized as an important factor in the incidence of Preterm Birth (PTB). The early diagnosis of factors affecting PTB is important in the reduction of maternalneonatal complications; therefore, we aimed to evaluate the association between dyslipidemia and PTB in women from the Guilan province of Iran. METHODS: The current investigation was a prospective cohort study on 378 pregnant women in Rasht city (Guilan province), during 2018-2019. Samples were randomly selected among pregnant women who referred to Al-Zahra hospital. Association of the lipid profiles: Total Cholesterol (TC), High- Density Lipoprotein (HDLC), Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDLC), and Triglycerides (TG) with PTB was assessed using the Chi-square, Fisher tests and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Our findings showed that of the evaluated lipid profiles, TG and TC had the highest predictive power with AUC =0.833 (95Ùª, CI: 0.736-0.930) and 0.772 (95%, CI: 0.676-0.867), respectively; also, their sensitivity and specificity were 83.3%, 70.2% and 83.3%, 66.1%, respectively. Moreover, abnormal LDL concentrations increase the risk of PTB by two folds (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: It seems that by controlling the lipid profiles of pregnant women, the risk of PTB could be reduced.

The relationship of hyperlipidemia with maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnancy: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Concentrations of plasma lipids levels during pregnancy clearly increases. According to some studies, dyslipidemia is effective in the incidence of preeclampsia and insulin resistance. Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between hyperlipidemia and maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study which was conducted on two groups of pregnant women with hyperlipidemia and normal ones to assess maternal and neonatal outcomes. Maternal data including gestational age, mother's age, body mass index, and maternal weight gain during pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, cholestasis, and delivery method. Also, birth weight and Apgar score were gathered as the neonatal outcomes. RESULTS: The results showed that the prevalence of abnormal lipid parameters increased with increasing gestational age. In pregnant women with dyslipidemia in combination with increased triglyceride, cholesterol and Low-density lipoprotein, and decreased High-density lipoprotein, the incidence rates of gestational diabetes (p < 0.001), preeclampsia (p < 0.001), cholestasis (p = 0.041), fetal growth retardation (p < 0.001), and macrosomia (p < 0.001) were statistically higher. CONCLUSION: Dyslipidemia was associated with some adverse effects of pregnancy and harmful fetal outcomes. Therefore, it seems that adding laboratory assessment of lipid profiles before and during pregnancy can be effective in early diagnosis of dyslipidemia.

Waist Circumference and Spirometric Measurements in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the waist circumference of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), had an impact on lung function. METHODS: There were 180 patients with COPD recruited into this prospective cross-sectional study. The age, weight, body mass index and waist circumference (WC) were measured. Spirometry parameters including forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), were measured and FEV1/FVC calculated. RESULTS: The mean FEV1/FVC in both normal weight and overweight patients, did not statistically significantly correlate with WC. The COPD assessment test, positively correlated with WC ( p = 0.031). A positive correlation with body mass index ( p < 0.001), smoking ( p = 0.027), and global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease score ( p = 0.009), were observed to positively associate with WC. WC, age, C-reactive protein, duration of disease, and gender (male), were observed to be statistically significant risk factors for the severity of COPD. CONCLUSION: WC was not observed to impact upon lung function in this study but it was a predictive factor for COPD severity in patients.

Physicochemical and cytotoxicity analysis of green synthesis carbon dots for cell imaging.

Carbon dots (CDs) have outstanding optical properties, biocompatibility, and photostability, making them attractive for imaging applications. A facile and green one-step hydrothermal synthesis method is proposed, which can be safely used in a wide range of applications such as chemical sensing, bioimaging, and optoelectronics. In this study, we report green synthesis of carbon dots from bitter orange juice (Citrus Aurantium) by hydrothermal treatment for the first time. We studied effects of time, temperature, and pH on fluorescence of CDs, characterized them using various spectroscopic and microscopic methods, and evaluated their toxicity to different cell lines. Identifying an optimum reaction condition of 180 ºC for 7 h heating gave CDs that showed pH-dependent fluorescence, with the largest fluorescence at a pH of 7.0. The CDs were 1-2 nm in size with a spherical morphology and negative surface charge. The CDs showed a high quantum yield of 19.9 %, reasonable photostability, excellent water solubility, and long fluorescence lifetime. A one step hydrothermal rout led to various hydrophilic functional groups on the surface of the CDs. Our results showed that the CDs were non-toxic over a large concentration range and effective for imaging of cells, indicating their potential as imaging probes in medical diagnostics and biosensor applications.

In ovo injection of flavanone on bone quality characteristics, biochemical parameters and antioxidant enzyme status of blood in daily chicks.

In ovo injection (IOI) of Naringin (N), flavanone was examined on post-hatch blood biochemical parameters, antioxidant status and bone characteristics. Fertile eggs (n = 700) were distributed in seven groups with 100 eggs. On 14th and 17.5th days of incubation, four groups were injected using 15 or 30 mg active ingredient levels of naringin/0.5 ml saline/egg, low and high level, into amnion sac. Controls include sham (injected normal saline, 0.5 ml/egg on day 14 and 17.5th) and un-injected group. IOI of high naringin and saline on 14th day of incubation resulted in lower hatchability and then higher mortality in last week of embryonic life. On day hatch, high levels of injected groups more body weight compared to the control. Chick length was increased at high levels of naringin on day 17.5th compared to control and saline injected. Quality traits of bones were improved in naringin-injected groups compared to control. IOI of naringin influenced thyroid hormones on 14th day of incubation. Naringin groups influenced the Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Calcium (Ca), superoxide dismutase (SOD), blood biochemical and lipids. Totally, amniotic IOI of naringin in last days of developing embryo may be useful for hatched chick, development of leg long bone or effect on biochemical metabolites by levels of flavanone that it needs more research.

CD73 a novel marker for the diagnosis of benign and malignant salivary gland tumors.

BACKGROUND: Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) plays an important role in the development of several types of cancer; however, its prognostic significance in salivary gland tumors remains unknown. The current study was conducted to investigate the expression of CD73 in such tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, immunohistochemical expression of CD73 was evaluated in 25 pleomorphic adenomas, 20 mucoepidermoid carcinomas and 20 adenoid cystic carcinomas using the Envision technique. Labeling indices of CD73 expression were calculated and compared between lesions. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that the CD73 expression was significantly higher in salivary gland tumors than in normal salivary gland tissue (p<0.001). CD73 expression was significantly higher in mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma compared to pleomorphic adenoma p<0.001). In addition, the expression of CD73 was significantly higher in lymph node metastasizing cancers compared to non-metastasizing malignancies (P<0.001). In contrast, there was no significant association between CD73 expression and other clinicopathological variables such as age, gender, tumor size and distant metastasis (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that CD73 can be an independent and useful biomarker for predicting the clinical behavior of salivary gland tumors. Key words:Ecto-5'-nucleotidase, immunohistochemistry, salivary gland tumors.

The Relation Between Free Testosterone and Components of Metabolic Syndrome in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Objective: To assess the relationship between free testosterone level and components of MS in women with PCOS. Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional study which was conducted on 215 women with PCOS. PCOS was diagnosed based on the Rotterdam criteria. Patients were divided into two subgroups of patients with and without MS based on ATP III criteria. In each subgroup, the association between individual components of MS with free testosterone was measured. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The prevalence of MS was 28.8% (n = 62). The mean level of free testosterone in patients with blood pressure ≥ 130/85 was significantly higher than those with blood pressure < 130/85 mm/hg. (p = 0.029) Also, in patients with diastolic blood pressure ≥ 85, the level of free testosterone was significantly higher than patients with diastolic blood pressure < 85. (p = 0.026). Results showed significant positive correlation between the level of free testosterone and cholesterol (p = 0.024). But no significant correlation was noted between levels of free testosterone and other variables. Conclusion: Regarding the relationship between blood pressure and high levels of free testosterone, it seems that regular blood pressure screening has a higher priority of concern comparing other complications for preventing cardiovascular adverse effects in women with PCOS and hyperandrogenism.