Development and psychometric properties of Iranian midwives job satisfaction instrument (MJSI): A sequential exploratory study.

BACKGROUND: Job satisfaction refers to a person's attitude toward his/her job and its various aspects. Job satisfaction improves the quality of service and employees' physical and mental health. The present study aimed to design a valid and reliable instrument to assess Iranian midwives job satisfaction instrument (MJSI). METHODS: This is a sequential exploratory study for tool design. This study in two phases; (qualitative and tool's psychometric evaluation) was conducted in Ilam, Iran, 2019 years. In the first phase, a qualitative content analysis was carried out by in-depth and semi-structured individual interviews with 10 experts. Then, the pool of items extracted from the qualitative phase was completed by reviewing the existing texts and tools. The second phase of the study involved reducing the overlapping items and validating the tool. In order to investigate the construct validity, a cross sectional study was conducted with the participation of 121 midwives with census sampling. Data analysis was performed by SPSS-19 software using exploratory factor analysis and reliability tests (Cronbach's alpha). RESULTS: In the qualitative phase and after reviewing the existing texts and tools by the research team, a 58-item questionnaire was developed and then entered into the psychometric phase. Then, the tool was finalized with five factors, including: 1) communication features, 2) professional features, 3) responsibility aspects, 4) physical-mental aspects and 5) social aspects, respectively. After the psychometric process, by removing the items in different stages, a specific questionnaire was developed to measure the midwives' job satisfaction with 25 items which explained a total of 49.95% of the total variance. Reliability of the tool was approved by Cronbach's alpha = 0.71 and test-retest with 2-weeks intervals, indicating an appropriate stability for the scale (ICC = 0.898). CONCLUSION: The 25-item self-reporting midwives job satisfaction tool had acceptable validity and reliability. We recommend the use of this tool for evaluating the job satisfaction of midwives, as well as management and research purposes.

The association between social support and psychological factors with health-promoting behaviours in pregnant women: A cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: Health promotion is one of the most important aspects in pregnancy, and health-promoting behaviors are one of the major determinants of health under the influence of various factors. This study aimed to determine the association between social support and psychological factors with health-promoting behaviors in pregnant women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional was performed on 375 pregnant women when they had 24-28 weeks in Ilam, October 2018 to May 2019. Two-stage cluster sampling was performed after checking the inclusion criteria. Data collection tools consisted of four questionnaires that were completed in self-report form. The collected data were analyzed by the descriptive and inferential tests with the SPSS software version 19. RESULTS: The mean score of health-promoting behaviors was 139.87 (21.26) and self-healing and physical activity had the highest and the lowest mean 27.67 (4.84) and 16.29 (4.84), respectively. Linear regression analysis showed a significant difference between different level of stress, anxiety, depression, and social support with health-promoting behaviors (P < 0.001). The results showed that one-point increase in the score of stress, anxiety, and depression led to the 2.2%, 6.1%, and 24.1% reduction of health-promoting behaviors, respectively, and one-point score increase in social support resulted in 40% increase in health-promoting behaviors (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: A negative association was found between psychological factors and a positive relationship with health-promoting behaviors. Although perceived moderate health promotion behaviors and perceived social support were moderate, they did not have a good status in terms of psychological factors. Given awareness of the issues under study in each region is essential and planning to improve stress, anxiety, and depression, as well as promoting and correcting inappropriate behaviors through planned interventions are required.