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Knowledge of the length of hospitalization of patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), its characteristics, and its related factors creates a better understanding of the impact of medical interventions and hospital capacities. Iran is one of the countries with the most deaths in the world (146,321 total deaths; 5 September 2023) and ranks first among the countries of the Middle East and the EMRO. Analysis of confirmed COVID-19 patients' hospital length of stay in Ilam Province can be informative for decision making in other provinces of Iran. This study was conducted to analyze the survival of COVID-19 patients and the factors associated with COVID-19 deaths in the hospitals of Ilam Province. This is a retrospective cross-sectional study. Data from confirmed COVID-19 cases in Ilam Province were obtained from the SIB system in 2019. The sample size was 774 COVID-19-positive patients from Ilam Province. Measuring survival and risk probabilities in one-week intervals was performed using Cox regression. Most patients were male (55.4%) and 55.3% were over 45 years old. Of the 774 patients, 87 (11.2%) died during the study period. The mean hospital length of stay was 5.14 days. The median survival time with a 95% confidence interval was four days. The probability of survival of patients was 80%, 70%, and 38% for 10, 20, and 30 days of hospital stay, respectively. There was a significant relationship between the survival time of patients with age, history of chronic lung diseases, history of diabetes, history of heart diseases, and hospitalization in ICU (p < 0.05). The risk of dying due to COVID-19 disease was higher among men, older age groups, and patients with a history of chronic lung diseases, diabetes, and heart disease. According to the results, taking preventive measures for elderly patients and those with underlying conditions to prevent the infection of COVID-19 patients is of potential interest. Efficiency in the management of hospital beds should also be considered.
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Background and Aims: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a severe parasitic disease affecting people, mostly in underdeveloped nations. As a zoonotic infection yearly incidence of CL depends on several parameters such as demographic, epidemiological, and environmental factors as well as prevention and control measures. The sudden outbreak of pandemics such as SARS-Corona-Virus-2 pandemic, can probably affect the incidence or reporting of other diseases, especially infectious diseases, in various ways such as pressure on health systems, providing sanitary services and its components, lockdowns and changes in people's living habits. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the COVID-19 impact on the incidence and other epidemiological aspects as well as control measures of CL in Ilam Province-Iran. Methods: Required data was extracted from the CL registration system in Ilam from 2014 to 2021 to demonstrate the trend of CL incidence before and after COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Based on our results, a declining pattern of CL incidence was observed, accompanied by the advent and intensification of the viral pandemic in Iran and Ilam province. Although, this decreasing pattern was not integral in all areas, and even increase in CL detection was emphasized in some regions. Conclusion: It may be inferred that the COVID-19 pandemic may disrupt treatment programs of CL cases, rodent nest destruction, and fighting vector insects.
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INTRODUCTION: The possibility of surface transmission in hospitals with high density of COVID- 19 patients is unneglectable. The aim of this study is to determine the extent of surface contamination in coronavirus central hospital of Ilam province in western Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this experimental study, 205 samples were taken from environmental surfaces in hospital. SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected by Real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS: 121 out of 205 (50.02%) samples were positive. The most contaminated objects were toilet sites (5/5,100% ICU; 5/5, 100% isolation wards). CONCLUSION: High surface contamination with SARS-CoV-2 proposes the surface as a potential route of transmission.
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Aparelho Sanitário , COVID-19 , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2 , RNA Viral , HospitaisRESUMO
The world is still faced with widespread dissemination and many unanswered questions related to Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Several candidate vaccines have been introduced against COVID-19, mostly requiring the injection of two doses and some with nearly 90-95% efficacy. All strategies against the spread of infection have focused on breaking the chain of virus transmission through protective public health measures and mass vaccination. The current situation emphasizes the global need for carefully designed policies to maximize vaccine access and uptake. The risk compensation theory (Peltzman Effect) states that the decrease in perceived risk through access to preventive measures may lead to increasing frequency of risky behaviors. The current pandemic has exposed people to the sense of risk compensation and behavior change in response to the perceived risk. Risk compensation phenomenon may significantly reverse the benefits of COVID-19 vaccination, especially if the vaccine is not sufficiently effective in real life or among high-risk populations. Recognition and awareness of Peltzman risk compensation are of high importance in counteracting and neutralizing the false complacency of the community, which also lends more weight to public health efforts. The public health messages and practices should be clearly expressed, straightforward, reliable and applicable. It is important to encourage mass vaccination of the population, and other NPIs must be re-established and implemented to ensure education to live with COVID-19 in parallel with daily activities and job tasks.
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BACKGROUND: Novel coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) was declared as a global pandemic in 2020. With the spread of the disease, a better understanding of patient outcomes associated with their symptoms in diverse geographic levels is vital. This study aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients by disease symptoms in Ilam province, Iran. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. Data were collected from integrated health system records for all hospitals affiliated with the Ilam University of Medical Sciences between 26-Jan-2020 and 02-May-2020. All patients with a confirmed positive test were included in this study. Descriptive analyses, chi-square test, and binary logistic regression model were performed by using SPSS version 22. RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 46.47 ± 18.24 years. Of the 3608 patients, 3477 (96.1%) were discharged, and 129 (3.9%) died. 54.2% of the patients were male and were in the age group of 30-40 years. Cough, sore throat, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, and fever or chills were the most common symptoms. Patients with symptoms of shortness of breath, abnormal radiographic findings of the chest, and chest pain and pressure were relatively more likely to die. According to binary logistic regression results, the probability of death in patients with shortness of breath, abnormal chest radiographic findings, and chest pain was 1.34, 1.24, and 1.32 times higher, respectively, than for those without. CONCLUSION: Our study provides evidence that the presentation of some symptoms significantly impacts outcomes of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Early detection of symptoms and proper management of outcomes can reduce mortality in patients with COVID-19.
