[Analysis of the immunomodulating action of SK in mice of various strains]. / Analiz immunomoduliruiushchego deistviia SK u mushei raznykh linii.

Peculiarities of immunomodulative action of different mice breeds' SK have been determined by changes of activity level of 5'-nucleotidase in macrophages from peritoneal exudate (MPE) and by changes of animals' sensitivity to staphylococcus infection. It has been established that the character of SK influence on activity level of 5'-nucleotidase in MPE and resistance depends on dose, type of administration and the mice breed. Revealed by hypodermic injection, dependence between the activity of 5'-nucleotidase in MPE and sensitivity to staphylococcus infection, whose character was determined by animals' genotype, had straight character in C57Bl/6 mice, and reverse character in CBA mice.

[The effect of the bronchoalveolar fluid of mice infected with the influenza virus on hematopoietic bone marrow precursors]. / Vliianie bronkhoal'veoliarnoi zhidkosti myshei, infitsirovannykh virusom grippa, na kostnomozgovye predshestvenniki gemopoéza.

The influence of bronchoalveolar washing fluid (BAWF), as well as BAWF cells, obtained from mice infected with influenza virus, on the formation of exogenic spleen colony-forming units (CFUs) of lethally irradiated syngeneic recipients was studied. BAWF and BAWF cells of intact syngeneic mice stimulated the growth of CFUs. BAWF of mice infected with nonpathogenic strain A/PR/8/34 lost its capacity for stimulating the growth of colonies, and BAWF cells greatly suppressed colony formation in the spleen of recipients. The participation of interferon, colony-stimulating factor and the virus itself in the process of the modulation of colony formation is discussed.

[The immunomodulating action of the surface antigens of the influenza A virus in experimental staphylococcal infection]. / Immunomoduliruiushchee deistvie poverkhnostnykh antigenov virusa grippa A pri éksperimental'noi stafilokokkovoi infektsii.

The results of the study of influenza A virus surface antigens, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, in the induction of nonspecific immunomodulation and protection from acute pulmonary staphylococcal infection have been studied. Protective effect, the cell composition of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid depend on the serological subtypes of surface antigens used for intranasal immunization and the infective dose of staphylococci.

[The frequency of the production of toxic-shock exotoxin by Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated in the USSR]. / Chastota produktsii ékzotoksina toksicheskogo shoka shtammami Staphylococcus aureus, vydelennymi v SSSR.

515 S. aureus strains, isolated from carriers and patients with staphylococcal infection in different regions of the USSR, were studied. Of these, 52.2% were found capable of producing exotoxin of toxic shock (ETS). The occurrence of the capacity for ETS production was the same among the strains isolated from the upper respiratory ways of carriers and from the purulent inflammatory foci of patients and little varied in staphylococci isolated in different regions. The study revealed that in strains sensitive to the typing phages of the International Set the capacity for ETS production occurred considerably more frequently than in nontyped cultures. No essential differences with respect to this sign between strains belonging to different phage groups were established.

[Production of toxic shock exotoxin by Staphylococcus aureus strains resistant and sensitive to antibiotics]. / Obrazovanie ékzotoksina toksicheskogo shoka shtammami Staphylo- coccus aureus ustoichivymi i chuvstvite'lnymi k antibiotikam.

Three hundred and ninety two strains of S. aureus isolated from bacteria carriers and patients with staphylococcal infections in different regions of the Soviet Union were investigated. 55.9 per cent of the isolates were able to produce exotoxin of toxic shock. No regular relation between resistance to definite antibiotics (tetracycline, chloramphenicol, benzylpenicillin, streptomycin, lincomycin, erythromycin, oleandomycin, gentamicin and methicillin) and the polyresistance range on the one hand and the ability to produce toxic shock exotoxin on the other hand was revealed.

[The role of cellular and humoral factors of body resistance in the development of experimental influenza-staphylococcal infections in mice]. / Rol' kletochnykh i gumoral'nykh faktorov rezistentnosti organizma v razvitii éksperimental'noi grippozno-stafilokokkovoi infektsii u myshei.

The clinico-experimental studies of mixed influenza-staphylococcal infection constantly point to the development of the aggravation of the infectious process due to the synergic action of the bacterial and viral infective agents. But, as shown by the authors of the present work, in those cases when the experimental infection with the virus was preceded by staphylococcal infection by 72 hours no synergism was observed. In cases of infection with adaptogenic virus the mortality rate of mice resulting from meningococcal infection was twice as low. The possible explanation of this fact is discussed.

[A rapid method of detecting the staphylococcal exotoxin of toxic shock]. / Ekspress-metod obnaruzheniia stafilokokkovogo ékzotoksina toksicheskogo shoka.

The authors suggest a simple and rapid technique, staphylococci coagglutination, for rapid detection of the toxic shock exotoxin (TSE)-producing S. aureus strains. The method is based on the sensitization of formalin-treated Cowan-1 S. aureus cells with immunoglobulins to TSE. The reagent thus obtained coagglutinates with the supernatant of TSE-producing S. aureus tested strains. This method is more sensitive than the routinely used gel immunoprecipitation. The technique for preparing the supernatant of S. aureus tested cultures is also described.

[Specificity of suppressor cells of the delayed hypersensitivity type for Staphylococcus studied by immunoadsorption]. / Issledovanie spetsifichnosti kletok-suppressorov giperchuvstvitel'nosti zamedlennogo tipa k stafilokokku metodom immunoadsorbtsii.

The immunological specificity of T-suppressors obtained from mice after intravenous immunization with corpuscular antigen was shown. The splenocytes of such a mice suppressed DH to staphylococcal antigens, but not to sheep red blood cells. The suppressor cells under study were specifically adhesive to staphylococci.

[Antigen-specific and antigen-nonspecific reactions of the immunity system in vaccination with a purified concentrated staphylococcal anatoxin]. / Antigenspetsificheskie i antigennespetsificheskie reaktsii sistemy immuniteta pri vaktsinatsii ochishchennym kontsentrirovannym stafilokokkovym anatoksinom.

Immunization with purified and concentrated staphylococcal toxoid leads to the rapid 12-fold rise of the level of anti-alpha-toxin and to the 17-fold rise of the titres of antibodies to extracellular staphylococcal products. At the period of immunization phasic changes in cell-mediated and humoral immunity characteristics, indicative of the state of the nonspecific resistance system, can be observed. These changes consist in the transient suppression of phagocytosis, including a decrease in the activity of intraleukocytic bactericidal systems (myeloperoxidase and cation protein), a decrease in the activity of the complement and the bactericidal activity of the blood serum, which should be taken into account when using this immune preparation for therapy.

[Staphylococcal toxic shock exotoxin (its isolation and characteristics)]. / Stafilokokkovyi ékzotoksin toksicheskogo shoka (vydelenie i kharakteristika).

The method for obtaining the preparation of toxic shock exotoxin (TSE) has been developed. This method comprises the following operations: the sorption of the toxin from the culture fluid on Amberlite CG-50, elution, dialysis, gel chromatography in a column with biogel P-2, isoelectric focusing, and gel chromatography in a column with Sephadex G-75. TSE is a relatively thermostable protein with a molecular weight of 24,000. Its isoelectric point is 7.2. Monospecific antiserum to TSE with precipitating antibody titer equal to 1:16, identical to the reference serum (M. S. Bergdoll), has been prepared. This antiserum has shown no cross reactions with the homogeneous preparations of staphylococcal enterotoxins.

[Protective role of effectors and T-suppressors of delayed hypersensitivity in mice with a localized staphylococcal infection]. / Izuchenie zashchitnoi roli éffektorov i T-supressorov giperchuvstvitel'nosti zamedlennogo tipa u myshei pri lokalizovannoi stafliokokkovoi infektsii.

To induce delayed hypersensitivity (DH) in mice, experimental local infection with a small dose of Staphylococcus aureus was used. The production of suppressor cells was shown to occur after the intravenous injection of a large dose of killed staphylococcal culture. Experiments with the use of cell transfer and the treatment of lymphocytes with Thy-1 antiserum in the presence of the complement demonstrated the T-lymphocytic nature of DH and its suppression. The study revealed that the role played by DH in antistaphylococcal immunity was different in the animals infected by the subcutaneous routes; besides, the regulatory action of T-suppressors of DH was established.

[Action of baliz on the ultrastructure and toxin formation of Staphylococcus aureus]. / Izuchenie deistviia baliza na ul'trastrukturu i toksinoobrazovanie u Staphylococcus aureus.

The effect of the antibacterial preparation Balysum on the ultrastructure of S. aureus, as well as on the process of the formation of alpha-toxin and the secretion of plasmacoagulase in this organism, has been studied. Balysum at a concentration of 8% (as used in clinical practice) has been found to induce changes in the ultrastructure of S. aureus as early as within the first 10 minutes. The maximum effect of the preparation is manifested in 60 minutes. At an early period of incubation damages occur in the cell-surface structures and, to a certain extent, in the membrane-ribosomal apparatus. The increased time of incubation leads to more profound changes in these structures and even to the death of the cell. In a highly toxic strain of S. aureus Balysum has proved to decrease the formation of alpha-toxin 4 times, while having no effect on the results of the plasma coagulation test.

[Coagulase-negative Staphylococci isolated from patients. III. Phage typing]. / Koagulazootritsatel-nye stafilokokki, vydelennye ot bol'nykh. Soobshchenie III. Fagotipirovanie shtammov.

Coagulase-negative staphylococci of clinical origin were subjected to phage typing by means of phages from the experimental Dutch (Verhoef) and American (Paris) sets. These sets of phages were used to study 153 and 378 strains, respectively. The Dutch phages could lyse 30.1%, and the American ones 19.6% of the cultures. The strains belonging to the species S. epidermidis were lysed in 34.3% and 32.4% of cases, respectively, which is indicative of the fact that the American phages possess a more pronounced specificity in respect to S. epidermidis. The unsufficient effectiveness of typing phages does not yet allow one to evaluate the outlook for the method of phage typing in the study of coagulase-negative staphylococci.

[Experimental study of the possibility of passage of staphylococcal toxoid from mother to fetus]. / Eksperimental'noe izuchenie vozmozhnosti perekhoda stafilokokkovogo anatoksina ot materi k plodu.

After the immunization of pregnant rats with purified adsorbed staphylococcal toxoid the antigen could be detected 2-48 hours later in the parenchymatous organs (the liver, the spleen), but not in the blood serum and the amniotic fluid. The rats immunized at an early period of pregnancy showed the presence of the antigen in their placenta and fetuses, while after the immunization at a late period of pregnancy the antigen could be only seldom detected in the placenta and practically never in the fetuses. There are grounds to believe that staphylococcal toxoid does not pass from the mother to the fetus through the completely formed placenta.

[Characteristics of hospital strains of Staphylococcus]. / Nekotorye osobennosti gospital'nykh shtammov stafilokokka.

Some properties of hospital staphylococcal strains isolated from the patients with purulent postnatal mastitis were studied. It was found that all the strains of the phage type 80.81 widely distributed in the obstetric hospitals were polylysogenic and polyresistant to antibiotics. The resistance markers in most of the isolates were located on the plasmids. Elimination of the plasmids carrying the antibiotics resistance markers resulted in a simultaneous change in the strain lysogenic spectrum while the phage type and fermentative properties, such as production of plasmocoagulase, DNAase and lecithinase did not change. The capacity for hemotoxin production was lost simultaneously with antibiotic resistance in 1 out of 17 cultures tested.