RESUMO
Buccoadhesive tablet of metoprolol tartrate was developed to prolong its release and improve bioavailability by avoidance of hepatic first pass metabolism during the treatment of chronic hypertension. The formulations were tested for weight, hardness, friability, content uniformity, swelling index, bioadhesive force and drug release rate. Carbopol 934 P was used as bioadhesive polymer and methocel K4M was added as a matrix former. Backing layer of ethyl cellulose was given to the tablets. Optimised formulation containing carbopol 934 P and methocel K4M in the ratio of 1:1 showed surface pH values in the range of 6 to 7 and 91.50% cumulative release of drug in 10 h. Stability study revealed that the optimized formulation was stable for atleast 3 mo.
RESUMO
We compared acute effects of single intravenous administrations of metoclopramide (40 mg) and placebo in a double-blind crossover study involving 81 patients with tardive dyskinesia. Metoclopramide produced significantly greater reduction in mean total Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale score as well as in ratings for six of the seven body areas, when compared with placebo. On adjusting each patient's metoclopramide response for his or her placebo response, we found that 35 of the 81 patients had 50% or greater placebo-corrected improvement. There were no apparent clinical differences between metoclopramide responders and nonresponders. Administration of 60 mg of metoclopramide to 15 patients produced greater improvement in tardive dyskinesia as compared with 40 mg; the incidence of acute dystonia, however, jumped from 10% with 40 mg to 33% with 60 mg.