Waardenburg syndrome: A rare case.

Waardenburg Syndrome is a rare disorder of neural crest cell development. It is genetically inherited. Varying in prevalence from 1:42000 to 1:50,000, it compromises approximately 2-5% of congenital deaf children. The syndrome is not expressed in its complete form, in about 20% cases, which adds for its heterogenisity . Even among people affected in the same family,the features do vary. Unilateral heterochromia that manifests as lighter pigmentation of one iris is associated with Waardenburg syndrome and Parry-Romberg syndrome and less commonly with Hirschsprung disease. A case of ten yrs. old boy with a typical facial profile and hearing loss is reported.

Perception of dental faculty and student regarding class attendance and final performance.

AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of lecture attendance on the academic performance of 3rd BDS students at the DMIMS-U, Sawangi (M), Wardha. This project investigated and correlated the difference between faculty and student perceptions regarding attendance and final performance, including factors thought to influence student attendance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants from a single university were included in the present retrospective observational study. The study was conducted in April 2016; 77 3rd BDS students (2012 Batch) and teaching staff of SPDC willing to voluntarily participate were included and divided into two groups such as Group A and Group B. Student and faculty perceptions were obtained using Likert scale having 15 closed-ended and 3 open-ended questions. Questioner was made related to factors affecting the attendance in class, type of source available for study, awareness about topic, and faculty approach. Comparison between perception of students and faculty regarding attendance and final performance was done using Mann-Whitney U-test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Quantitative analyses revealed significant differences between faculty and student perceptions on most of the project variables. Qualitative analyses reinforced those findings and suggested that faculty misunderstood what factors actually influence student attendance. The results suggest that there is a substantial disconnect between faculty and student perceptions regarding the importance of class attendance and highlighted areas for faculty to influence student attendance. CONCLUSION: Motivation is the major factor causing students to attend the lectures. Unfortunately, not all students are motivated to study and learn. New styles of teaching may need to be looked into. This needs to be further investigated on large sample size.

Morphological evaluation of temporo-mandibular joint in indian population / Avaliação morfológica da articulação temporo-mandibular em Indianos

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is one of the most complex joints in the body and its harmonious functioning is very important to maintain a normal masticatory system. The morphologic alterations and the asymmetrical position of the TMJ structures may lead the various clinicalsigns & symptoms. Morphology of the temporomandibular joint may be influenced by gender of patients, environmental factor and also food habits at various places. Objective: To evaluate the morphology of the temporomandibular joint using computed tomography, in order to determine the condyle shape, joint space and glenoid fossa roof thickness. Material and Methods: One hundred and six healthy patients (212 TMJs) who visited a private hospital (or the University's Hospital) for CT brain scan were included to this crosssectional study sample.The patients were aged between 20­50 years with an average age of 35.46 years. All the images were taken by positioning patients in supine position with 120kvp , 50ma,2.33minute exposure with 0.7mm thick slicesby computed topography machine in all three projection that is Axial, Coronal and Saggital view. Results: For all variables, the mean and standard deviation were calculated, based on gender, and TMJ sides. The Paired t-test was used and P <0.05 will be considered to be significant. Conclusion: Present study showed that thereis positive evidence of temporomandibular joint involvement in elderly patients. Change in morphology and position of condylar head with glenoid fossa and roof thickness are one of the most common cause of degenerative diseases (AU)

Objetivo: A articulação temporomandibular (ATM) é uma das articulações mais complexas do corpo e seu funcionamento harmonioso é muito importante para manter um sistema mastigatório. As alterações morfológicas e a posição assimétrica das estruturas da ATM podem levar os vários sinais e sintomas clínicos. A morfologia da articulação temporomandibular pode ser influenciada pelo gênero dos pacientes, fatores ambientais e também hábitos alimentares diversos. Objetivo: Avaliar a morfologia da articulação temporomandibular usando tomografia computadorizada, a fim de determinar a forma do côndilo, o espaço articular, e a espessura do teto da fossa glenóide. Material e Métodos: Cento e seis pacientes saudáveis (212 ATMs) que foram a um hospital privado (ou Hospital da Universidade) para tomografia computadorizada de cérebro foram incluídos na amostra deste estudo transversal. Os pacientes tinham entre 20 e 50 anos com uma idade média de 35,46 anos. Todas as imagens foram tiradas com os pacientes posicionados em decúbito dorsal com 120kvp, 50mA, 2,33minutos de exposição com espessura de 0.7mm nas três projeções: Axial, Coronal e Saggital. Resultados: Para todas as variáveis, a média e desvio padrão foram calculados, com base no sexo e nos lados da ATM. O teste t pareado foi usado e P <0,05 foi considerado significativo. Conclusão: O presente estudo mostrou que há evidências positivas de envolvimento da articulação temporomandibular nos pacientes mais velhos. Mudança na morfologia e posição da cabeça condilar com a espessura do teto da fossa glenóide é uma das causas mais comuns de doenças degenerativas (AU)

Acute submandibular sialadenitis-a case report.

Many conditions affect the salivary glands. Acute sialadenitis is infectious or inflammatory disorders of the salivary glands. The exact frequency of submandibular sialadenitis is unclear. The acute conditions more typically involve the parotid and submandibular glands. During an acute inflammatory process, there is swelling of the affected gland, overlying pain, gland tenderness, fever, and on occasion difficulty in opening the mouth. Initial treatment should include rehydration oral antistaphylococcal antibiotic should be started while awaiting culture results. Hygiene and repeated massaging of the gland when tenderness had subsided. The present report describes a case of acute submandibular sialadenitis in a 70-year-old female.

Assessment of Skeletal and Non-skeletal Fluorosis in Endemic Fluoridated Areas of Vidharbha Region, India: A Survey.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate skeletal and non-skeletal fluorosis in patients living at endemic fluoridated areas and also the morphological changes in red blood cells (R.B.C.'s). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Vidharbha region of Maharashtra, India. An ethical clearance was obtained from the concerned authorities. Fifty families were screened and 204 subjects who had dental/skeletal fluorosis were included in the study. The aims and objectives were explained to the study subjects of the village and biochemical, hematological and radiological assessment was done. The main source of drinking water in this area was tube well. The concentrations of fluoride in two different areas of same village were 4 and 4.5 ppm. RESULTS: Prevalence of skeletal fluorosis and non-skeletal fluorosis in male patients was 56.87% (116) and in female patients (88) it was 43.13%. RBC count in male patients was 5.03 ± 0.49 while in female patients it was 4.70 ± 0.47. With significant difference between male and female patients, P value was 0.003. Hb% in male patients was 12.44 ± 1.76 and in female patients it was 11.31± 1.34, showing significant difference between male and female patients P value 0.038. Alkaline phosphate level in male patients was 289.68 ± 149.09 and in female patients it was 276.68 ± 164.97. ESR count in male patients was found 11.41 ± 8.75 and in female patients it was 13.29 ±7.37. Radiological finding of fluorosis patients shows thickening of inner and outer tables of skull bone in 83.92% of patients and only 7.84% of the patients were suffering from barrowing of long bone.