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1.
Environ Res ; 213: 113622, 2022 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35710026

RESUMO

Ever since its discovery in 1957, Corynebacterium glutamicum has become a well-established industrial strain and is known for its massive capability of producing various amino acids (like L-lysine and L-glutamate) and other value-added chemicals. With the rising demand for these bio-based products, the revelation of the whole genome sequences of the wild type strains, and the astounding advancements made in the fields of metabolic engineering and systems biology, our perspective of C. glutamicum has been revolutionized and has expanded our understanding of its strain development. With these advancements, a new era for C. glutamicum supremacy in the field of industrial biotechnology began. This led to remarkable progress in the enhancement of tailor-made over-producing strains and further development of the substrate spectrum of the bacterium, to easily accessible, economical, and renewable resources. C. glutamicum has also been metabolically engineered and used in the degradation/assimilation of highly toxic and ubiquitous environmental contaminant, arsenic, present in water or soil. Here, we review the history, current knowledge, progress, achievements, and future trends relating to the versatile metabolic factory, C. glutamicum. This review paper is devoted to C. glutamicum which is one of the leading industrial microbes, and one of the most promising and versatile candidates to be developed. It can be used not only as a platform microorganism to produce different value-added chemicals and recombinant proteins, but also as a tool for bioremediation, allowing to enhance specific properties, for example in situ bioremediation.


Assuntos
Corynebacterium glutamicum , Biodegradação Ambiental , Biotecnologia , Corynebacterium glutamicum/genética , Corynebacterium glutamicum/metabolismo , Engenharia Metabólica , Solo
2.
Biomed Pharmacother ; 146: 112555, 2022 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34954639

RESUMO

Human exposure to radiation has expanded considerably in recent years, due to a wide range of medical, agricultural, and industrial applications. Despite its beneficial utilities, radiation is also known to have a deleterious effect on cells and tissues, largely through the creation of free radicals, which cause severe damage to biological systems through processes such as DNA double/single-strand fragmentation, protein modification, and upregulation of lipid peroxidation pathways. In addition, radiation damages genetic material while inducing hereditary genotoxicity. Developing measures to counter radiation-induced damage is thus considered to be of significant importance. Considering the inherent capability of plants to survive radiative conditions, certain plants and natural compounds have been the subject of investigations to explore and harness their natural radioprotective abilities. Podophyllum hexandrum, an Indian medicinal plant with several known traditional phytotherapeutic uses, is considered in particular to be of immense therapeutic importance. Recent studies have been conducted to validate its radioprotective potential alongside discovering its protective mechanisms following γ-radiation-induced mortality and disorder in both mice and human cells. These findings show that Podophyllum and its constituents/natural compounds protect the lungs, gastrointestinal tissues, hemopoietic system, and testis by inducing DNA repair pathways, apoptosis inhibition, free radical scavenging, metal chelation, anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. In this review, we have provided an updated, comprehensive summary of ionizing radiations and their impacts on biological systems, highlighting the mechanistic and radioprotective role of natural compounds from Podophyllum hexandrum.


Assuntos
Berberidaceae , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Protetores contra Radiação/farmacologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Quelantes/farmacologia , Reparo do DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/metabolismo , Dose Máxima Tolerável , Medicina Tradicional , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Protetores contra Radiação/química
3.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol ; 105(23): 8593-8614, 2021 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34708277

RESUMO

Plant cell and tissue culture makes provision of a sustainable and nature-friendly strategy for the production of secondary metabolites, and modern progress in gene editing and genome engineering provides novel possibilities to improve both the qualitative and quantitative aspects of such phytochemicals. The ever-expanding quest for plant-based medicine to treat diabetes facilitates large-scale cultivation of Stevia rebaudiana to enhance the yield of its much-coveted low-calorie sweetener glycosides. The potential to process stevia as a "natural" product should enhance the acceptance of steviosides as a natural calorie-free sweetener especially suitable for use in diabetic and weight control drinks and foods. Besides sweetener agents, S. rebaudiana is a potent source of many antioxidant compounds and is used to cure immunodeficiencies, neurologic disorders, inflammation, diabetes mellitus, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. This comprehensive review presents the research outcomes of the many biotechnological interventions implicated to upscale the yield of steviol glycosides and its derivatives in in vitro cell, callus, tissue, and organ cultures with notes on the use of bioreactor and genetic engineering in relation to the production of these valuable compounds in S. rebaudiana. KEY POINTS: • Critical and updated assessment on sustainable production of steviol glycosides from Stevia rebaudiana. • In vitro propagation of S. rebaudiana and elicitation of steviol glycosides production. • Genetic fidelity and diversity assessment of S. rebaudiana using molecular markers.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus , Diterpenos do Tipo Caurano , Stevia , Antioxidantes , Glicosídeos , Folhas de Planta , Stevia/genética , Edulcorantes
4.
Phytother Res ; 35(10): 5668-5679, 2021 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34254371

RESUMO

From ancient history, complementary and alternative medicines have played a significant role as holistic therapeutic treatments of various human diseases including cancer, diabetes, neurological diseases, and skin problems. One Indian medicinal plant (herb), Bacopa monnieri has been used in many parts of the world as such medicine, particularly for the treatment of various neurological disorders. It is well known as a potent "tonic for the human brain," which serves as a memory enhancer. Multiple studies proved that this herb contains a plethora of potential bioactive, phytochemical compounds with synergistic properties. The main purpose of the present review is to shed light on the use of Bacopa monnieri and its active principles (bacosides) in the management of neurological disorders. Furthermore, the signaling pathways modulated by bacosides have been critically discussed in this review. Moreover, we have critically summarized the present knowledge of this perennial creeping herb based upon the literature mining from different scientific engines.


Assuntos
Bacopa , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso , Plantas Medicinais , Triterpenos , Humanos , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia
5.
J Microbiol Biotechnol ; 25(8): 1216-26, 2015 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25876601

RESUMO

GlxR is considered as a global transcriptional regulator controlling a large number of genes having broad physiological aspects in Corynebacterium glutamicum. However, the expression profile revealing the transcriptional control of glxR has not yet been studied in detail. DNA affinity chromatography experiments revealed the binding of transcriptional regulators SucR, RamB, GlxR, and a GntR-type protein (hereafter denoted as GntR3) to the upstream region of glxR. The binding of different regulators to the glxR promoter was confirmed by EMSA experiments. The expression of glxR was analyzed in detail under various carbon sources in the wild-type and different mutant strains. The sucR and gntR3 deletion mutants showed decreased glxR promoter activities, when compared with the wild type, irrespective of the carbon sources. The promoter activity of glxR was derepressed in the ramB deletion mutant under all the tested carbon sources. These results indicate that SucR and GntR3 are acting as activators of GlxR, while RamB plays a repressor. As expected, the expression of glxR in the cyaB and glxR deletion mutants was derepressed under different media conditions, indicating that GlxR is autoregulated.


Assuntos
Corynebacterium glutamicum/genética , DNA Bacteriano/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/isolamento & purificação , Regulação Bacteriana da Expressão Gênica , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Fatores de Transcrição/isolamento & purificação , Carbono/metabolismo , Cromatografia de Afinidade , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Ensaio de Desvio de Mobilidade Eletroforética , Deleção de Genes , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Ligação Proteica , Fatores de Transcrição/genética
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