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Resumen: OBJETIVO Determinar si el consumo de aguacate en pacientes con síndrome metabólico atenúa la disfunción endotelial, el estrés oxidativo y la inflamación inducida por el consumo de hamburguesa. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO Estudio experimental, longitudinal, prospectivo, con distribución al azar, cruzado, abierto pero ciego para los evaluadores de los desenlaces finales, efectuado de junio a agosto de 2018. Se incluyeron pacientes con síndrome metabólico que se clasificaron en dos grupos: al primer grupo se le dio a consumir carne de hamburguesa, mientras que al segundo grupo se le proporcionó la misma dieta adicionada con un aguacate. RESULTADOS Se reclutaron 14 pacientes (11 hombres y 3 mujeres) con síndrome metabólico. Al consumir hamburguesa disminuyeron las concentraciones de óxido nítrico en comparación cuando se añadió aguacate que inhibió este efecto (p < 0.05). Al consumir hamburguesa disminuyeron las concentraciones plasmáticas de lipoperoxidación, efecto que fue inhibido al agregar aguacate (p < 0.05). Al consumir hamburguesa las especies reactivas de oxígeno aumentaron su expresión en monocitos, efecto inhibido al adicionar aguacate a la dieta (p < 0.05). No se encontraron diferencias en los niveles de las moléculas de adhesión de CD11b, CD18 en granulocitos y en monocitos. CONCLUSIONES El aguacate de manera aguda bloquea la reducción de las concentraciones de óxido nítrico, disminuye la formación de especies reactivas de oxígeno y bloquea la reducción de la peroxidación de lípidos causada por la hamburguesa.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE To determinate if the ingestion of avocado in patients with metabolic syndrome diminishes endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation after ingesting hamburger meat. MATERIAL AND METHOD An experimental, longitudinal, randomized, prospective, crossed, open but blinded for outcomes evaluators trial was done from June to August 2018 in patients with metabolic syndrome in agreement to NCEP criteria. These patients were evaluated for endothelial function, inflammatory state and oxidative stress after two treatments: a hamburger meal and a hamburger meal plus avocado. RESULTS Fourteen patients with metabolic syndrome were included (11 men and 3 women). When ingesting hamburger meat, NO levels were raised compared when adding avocado that blunted this effect (p < 0.05). Hamburger decreased lipoperoxidation, effect that was inhibited by adding avocado (p < 0.05). The oxidative reactive species elevated their monocyte expression after hamburger ingestion; this effect was also inhibited by adding avocado (p < 0.05). No differences were found in the levels of adhesive molecules CD11b, CD18 in granulocytes and monocytes. CONCLUSIONS In an acute manner, avocado blocks the reduction of nitric oxide, diminishes formation of oxygen reactive species and blocks reduction of lipid peroxidation concentrations caused by a hamburger.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Angiotensin II (Ang-II) antagonism alleviates hypertensive kidney damage by improving mitochondrial function and decreasing oxidative stress. This condition also is associated with altered renal vascular tone due to enhanced constriction by Ang-II. Thus, approaches ameliorating these events are desirable to alleviate kidney damage. Avocado oil, a source of antioxidants and oleic acid, is known to improve mitochondrial function, while oleic acid has antihypertensive effects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test whether avocado oil counteracts, to a similar degree as the Ang-II blocker losartan, the deleterious effects of hypertension on blood pressure, renal vascular performance, kidney mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress. METHODS: Hypertensive rats induced with Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) were supplemented during 45 d with avocado oil or losartan. Vascular responses were analyzed in perfused kidney. Membrane potential, reactive oxygen species levels, and glutathione were analyzed in isolated kidney mitochondria. RESULTS: In hypertensive rats, avocado oil decreased 21.2% and 15.5% diastolic and systolic blood pressures, respectively, and alleviated impaired renal vasodilation. Hypertension decreased membrane potential by 83.7% and augmented reactive oxygen species levels by 51% in mitochondria fueled with a complex I substrate, whereas it augmented the levels of oxidized glutathione in 48%. These alterations were normalized by avocado oil at a comparable degree to losartan. CONCLUSIONS: Because avocado oil mimicked the effects of losartan, we propose that the effects of avocado oil might be mediated by decreasing the actions of Ang-II on mitochondria. These results suggest that avocado oil intake might be a nutritional approach to attenuate the deleterious effects of hypertension on kidney.
