Multicenter retrospective study on benign testicular tumors in children: save as much as you can please.

BACKGROUND: Testicular tumors (TT) are infrequent in pediatric patients, representing 1% of pediatric solid tumors; benign testicular tumors (BTT) are the most common. We present a multicenter study aiming to describe the incidence, histology and surgical technique of BTT, with special emphasis on which approach could present better outcomes. METHODS: The records of pediatric patients diagnosed with BTT between 2005 and 2020 from 8 centers in 5 different countries in Latin-America, were reviewed. RESULTS: Sixty two BTTs were identified. 73% tumors presented as a testicular mass, and 97% underwent testicular ultrasound as the initial imaging study, all of them had findings suggestive of a benign tumor. 87% had preoperative tumor markers (AFP and BHCG). In 66%, an intraoperative biopsy was done and 98% of the intraoperative biopsies were concordant with the final pathology report. Tumorectomy was performed in 81% of patients and total orchiectomy in the remaining 19%. Six percentage of patients underwent a subsequent orchiectomy. Mean follow-up was 39 months (1-278 months) where no cases of atrophy were observed clinically or on ultrasound. Fertility was not evaluated in this series. CONCLUSIONS: Proper management of BTTs is essential to avoid unnecessary orchiectomies. Preoperative ultrasound associated with intraoperative biopsy seems accurate in identifying benign pathology, thus enabling conservative testicular surgery with safety margins. Based on this multicenter series, we suggest performing an intraoperative biopsy with subsequent tumorectomy preserving healthy testicular tissue in BTT.

Are weight or age limits for pediatric laparoscopic pyeloplasty? Results of a multicentric study.

INTRODUCTION: Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasty is the technique of choice for the treatment of pyeloureteral junction obstruction (PUJO) with an excellent success rate. Minimally invasive surgery has become the standard of care for the management of PUJO in children. Although it has been comparable to the open approach at all levels, its diffusion or employment in younger children has not been widely adopted. Our aim is to evaluate laparoscopic pyeloplasty outcomes from international academic centers in children under 1 year of age, focusing on feasibility and outcomes including possible complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is review of consecutive infants under 1 year of age who underwent laparoscopic pyeloplasty between 2009 and 2018 with more than 12 months of follow-up. Seven different training centers with different backgrounds participated in this study. Evaluation was carried out with ultrasound and renogram before and after surgery. Demographic data, perioperative characteristics, complications, and results are described and analyzed. RESULTS: Over 9 years, 124 transperitoneal laparoscopic Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasties were performed on 123 children under 1 year of age; 88 males and 35 females, with 1 case of bilateral PUJO. Of the 124 renal units, 86 were left-sided. Mean age at surgery was 6.6 months (1 week-12 months), with 56% (n = 70) done before 6 months of age. Mean weight at surgery was 6.8 kg (3-12 kg), with 59% (n = 73) weighing less than 8 kg. Mean operative time (skin-to-skin) was 150 min (75-330 min). After a mean follow-up of 46 months (12-84 months), 12 (9%) patients developed complications, with only 1 needing a redo pyeloplasty also done laparoscopically. One child, with deterioration in renal function, underwent nephrectomy. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic pyeloplasty under 1 year of age and/or less than 12 kilos is feasible with lower complication rate. Furthermore, age younger than 6 months and weight less than 8 kg are no longer limiting factors for a successful pyeloplasty as shown by this multicentre study.

Optimizar los tiempos de pabellón; un nuevo enfoque a una idea antigua / Optimize or times; a new approach to an old idea

Introducción. El tiempo de pabellón es un recurso escaso y costoso. Por eso optimizar el tiempo de un paciente en pabellón se presenta como el gran desafío. Se han intentado múltiples intervenciones para aumentar la eficiencia de los pabellones, desde técnicas para afianzar los equipos, hasta cambios en la planta física, pero el objetivo final sigue siendo hacer del proceso quirúrgico una sinfonía armónica. Nuestro objetivo es dar los primeros pasos que permitan, en un estudio de largo plazo, encontrar la fórmula teórica que permita optimizar el tiempo en pabellón. Métodos. Estudio prospectivo con registro de los procesos en un pabellón de especialidad durante 4 semanas. Se registraron los tiempos de diferentes procesos de cada paciente y se descompuso en subprocesos (traslado, preoperatorio, técnicoanestesia, inducción-anestésica, arsenalera, lavado-paciente, prequirúrgico, quirúrgico, despertar, salida, aseo). Luego del análisis se plantearon 4 escenarios teóricos: (I)"tiempo observado"; (II)"tiempo mejorado", donde se realizó el traslape máximo de los subprocesos observados; (III)"tiempo mejorado+preanestesia", considerando sala de preanestesia y paciente se prepara antes de entrar a pabellón; (IV)"tiempo mejorado+preanestesia+arsenalera", además del paciente preparado se cuenta con arsenalera lista al momento del ingreso a pabellón. Se analizó la disminución del tiempo quirúrgico entre el observado y los tres escenarios a través de comparación de medianas (Wilcoxon). Además se estratificó según complejidad de la cirugía. Resultados. Se analizaron 22 cirugías urológicas de distinta complejidad: baja 32 por ciento; media 45 por ciento y alta 23 por ciento. La mediana del tiempo observado (I) fue de 123 minutos, el (II) fue 103 min, el (III) fue 74 min y (IV) fue 69 min. Disminución que es estadísticamente significativa al comparar el tiempo observado (I) con los tres grupos (p<0,001). Al hacer la comparación del observado con los otros tres escenarios según grado de complejidad de la cirugía, también se evidencia disminución estadísticamente significativa en los 3 grupos (baja, mediana y alta complejidad) con p 0.018; p 0.07; p 0.043 respectivamente. Conclusión. El análisis realizado se basa en tiempos reales y su comparación es con escenarios teóricos; sin embargo permite visualizar que sólo con un buen ordenamiento de los procesos en pabellón (tiempo mejorado (II)), traslapando aquellos procesos independientes, disminuiría el tiempo del pabellón en 20 min por cirugía. La cual sería mayor si se implementara el paciente ingresando preparado (III) y la arsenalera lista al ingreso del pabellón (IV). Sin embargo, estamos conscientes que estos escenarios son inalcanzables en nuestro medio. Además surgiría la interrogante de si serán lo suficientemente seguros para el paciente. En resumen solo cambiando la forma de gestionar los procesos del pabellón, se podría obtener un mejor aprovechamiento del tiempo y con esto aumentar la eficiencia de los pabellones. (AU)

Introduction. EThe time in the operating room (OR) is a scarce and expensive resource. So optimize the time of a patient in the OR presents as a great challenge. Multiple interventions have been attempted to increase the efficiency of the ORs, from techniques to strengthen teams, to changes in the physical plant, but the ultimate goal remains to make the surgical process an harmonic symphony. Our aim is to take the first steps to allow, on a long-term study, find the theoretical formula for optimizing the time in the ORs. Method. Prospective study that consisted in the registration of processes in a subspecialty OR for 4 weeks. Times of different processes were recorded for each patient and were decomposed into subprocesses (transfer, preoperative, anesthesiatechnician, anestheticinduction, instrumentalist, skin-preparation, surgeonpreoperative, surgery, awakening, exit, ORs-cleaning). After analyzing, four theoretical scenarios were proposed: (I) "observed time" (II) "Improved time", which consisted in the maximum overlap of the observed sub processes; (III) "improved time + preanesthesia " considering pre-anesthesia room and patient prepared before entering the operating room; (IV) " improved time + preanesthesia + instrumentist", where beside patient ready it counts with instrumentist also ready when entering de operating room. We analyzed the reduction of surgical time between the observed and the three scenarios through medians comparison (Wilcoxon). Furthermore stratified by surgery's complexity. Results. 22 urological surgeries of varied complexity were analyzed: low 32 pertcent, mean 45 pertcent, high 23pertcent. The observed median time (I) was 123 minutes, the (II) was 103 min, the (III) was 74 min and (IV) was 69 min. Decreased time is statistically significant by comparing the observed time (I) with the three groups (p <0.001). Comparing the observed time with the other three scenarios stratified by surgery complexity, also evidenced statistically significant decrease in the 3 groups (low, medium and high complexity) with p 0.018, p 0.07, p 0.043 respectively. Conclusión. The analysis is based on comparing real times with the oretical scenarios, however allows to see that with only a good order of the processes in the operating room (improved time (II)), overlapping those independent processes, decreases the time in the OR in 20 min. Which would be higher if the patient is prepared (III) and instrumentist ready (IV) when the patient enters to the Operating Room. However, we are aware that these scenarios are unattainable in our reality. Besides, the question that would arise is whether they would be safe enough for the patient. Therefore just by changing the way you manage processes in the OR, you might get a better use of time and thereby increase the efficiency of them.(AU)

Vesicoureteral reflux: current management in children.

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a disorder that has been studied since the early days of pediatric urology. From 1893, when it was first documented in humans by Pozzi, the research and clinical management of VUR has been marked by pendulum swings through the decades. Initially, the vesicoureteral junction was the main subject of study, whereas current practice takes into account the bladder and bowel dynamics. The primary objective, however, is unchanged: preservation of the kidney and its function. Management of the condition has included open surgery, minimally invasive surgery, endoscopic treatment, antibiotic prophylaxis, and watchful waiting. In this article, we will attempt to cover every angle of this complex pathology and its current management in children.

Outcome of tunnelled central venous catheters used for haemodialysis in children weighing less than 15 kg.

PURPOSE: Central venous catheters (CVC) are frequently used for haemodialysis (HD) in children. However, there is paucity of information on the outcomes of CVCs when used for HD in very young patients. Our objective is to report the success, safety and complication rates of CVCs used for HD in children weighing less than 15 kg. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a single-center retrospective study of all patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) weighing <15kg, who underwent a tunneled CVC placement for HD, between July 2006 and June 2012 at our institution. Analysed data included clinical background, age and weight at initiation of HD, outcome of HD, CVC vein insertion site, reason for removal, and catheter survival (in days). RESULTS: Thirty-one CVC were placed in 11 patients weighing <15 kg, 8 males and 3 females. The main causes of ESRD were renal dysplasia and congenital nephrotic syndrome. At the beginning of HD, mean age was 27.5 (range 5-60) months and mean weight was 10.4 kg (4.5-13 kg). The preferred insertion site was the right internal jugular vein (90%). Mean duration of HD was 312 days. Mechanical factors were the main reason for catheter removal (39%). Mean catheter survival was 110 days/catheter. CONCLUSIONS: We believe our study provides relevant information and encouraging data to support the use of CVC for HD in this cohort of infants; however, further improvement in prevention of catheter thrombosis and management of infections needs to be achieved.

Balanitis xerotica obliterans in children and adolescents: a literature review and clinical series.

OBJECTIVE: Balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) is a chronic inflammatory disease that is considered as male genital variant lichen sclerosis. The incidence varies greatly in different series; diagnosis is mostly clinical but histopathological confirmation is mandatory. Various treatments are described, but there is no consensus that one is the best. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature review was made of BXO and lichen sclerosis in boys under 18 years of age, between 1995 and 2013, analyzing demographic dates, treatments and outcomes. In addition to that, we reviewed BXO cases treated in our centers in the last 10 years. RESULTS: After literature review, only 13 articles matched the inclusion criteria. Analyzing those selected, the global incidence of BXO is nearly 35% among circumcised children. Described symptoms are diverse and the low index of clinical suspicion is highlighted. The main treatment is circumcision, with use of topical and intralesional steroids and immunosuppressive agents. CONCLUSION: BXO is a condition more common than we believe and we must be vigilant to find greater number of diagnoses to avoid future complications. The main treatment for BXO is circumcision, but as topical or intralesional treatments are now available with potentially good outcomes, they may be considered as coadjuvants.

Evaluación urodinámica en pacientes sometidos a braquiterapia por rabdomiosarcomas genitourinarios / Urodynamic evaluation in patients undergoing brachytherapy for genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma

Introducción: El rabdomiosarcoma (RMS) es uno de los tumores sólidos pediátricos más frecuentes. Se ha descrito que la braquiterapia es una herramienta prometedora para tratar esta patología, presentando menos secuelas en los tejidos vecinos. Este estudio tiene como propósito objetivar las secuelas de la dinámica vesical, a través de evaluación con estudios urodinámicos (EUD) a pacientes pediátricos sometidos a cirugía conservadora más braquiterapia por RMS de origen uroginecológico.P acientes y Métodos: Revisión de casos de RMS uroginecológicos desde 2004 a 2011, manejados con braquiterapia pre y/o post operatoria, más quimioterapia preoperatoria. Se realiza estudio urodinámico invasivo y/o no invasivo para evaluar secuelas en función miccional. Resultados: Serie de 4 casos de pacientes con RMS genitourinarios sometidos a braquiterapia sola o asociada a cirugía resectiva: 2 de próstata, 1 vaginal y 1 vesical. Los estudios urodinámicos muestran una capacidad vesical disminuida en 1 paciente, mínima disminución en otro y 2 presentan capacidad normal para la edad. La acomodación del detrusor es adecuada en los 4 pacientes y no hay alteraciones en la función esfinteriana. Clínicamente todos los pacientes son continentes y no presentan sintomatología de disfunción miccional. Conclusiones: El RMS genitourinario es un tumor altamente invasivo y secuelante. La braquiterapia ha logrado un nivel de radiación óptimo que se enfoca en el área tumoral sin afectar mayormente tejidos vecinos. Esto implicaría menos probabilidades de producir efectos secundarios en la dinámica vesical. Hemos demostrado en esta serie, con evaluación urodinámica, que estos pacientes con RMS presentan mínimas alteraciones en la evaluación urodinámica y no tienen repercusión clínica post tratamiento. Trabajos futuros están orientados a evaluación urodinámica pre y post braquiterapia.

Introduction: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is one of the most common pediatric solid tumors. It has been described that brachytherapy is a promising tool to treat this pathology, presenting less sequelae in neighboring tissues. This study aims to objectify alterations in bladder function through evaluation with urodynamic studies (UDS) in pediatric patients undergoing conservative surgery plus brachytherapy due to urogynecological RMS. Patients and Methods: A review of cases of RMS urogynecological from 2004-2011, managed with pre and / or post-operative brachytherapy, and preoperative chemotherapy. Invasive and / or noninvasive Urodynamic Studies are performed to assess sequelae in voiding function. Results: A series of 4 cases of genitourinary RMS patients undergoing brachytherapy alone or combined with resection surgery: 2 prostate cases, 1 vaginal and 1 bladder case. Urodynamic studies show a decreased bladder in 1 patient, minimal decrease in another and 2 show normal capacity for the patients age. Detrusor compliance is adequate in the 4 patients and there are no alterations in sphincter function. Clinically all patients are continent and show no symptoms of voiding dysfunction. Conclusions: Genitourinary RMS are a highly invasive and invalidating tumor. Brachytherapy achieves optimal radiation level that focuses on the tumor area without greatly affecting neighboring tissues.This could imply less likelyhood to cause side effects in bladder dynamics. We have shown in this series, with urodynamic evaluation, that these patients with RMS have minimal alterations in urodynamic Studies and have no post-treatment clinical impact. Future work is aimed at evaluating urodynamics before and after brachytherapy.

Balanitis xerótica obliterante: ¿una amenaza permanente? / Obliterant xerotic balanitis, a permanent threat?

La balanitis xerótica obliterante (BXO) es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica con una incidencia reportada de 10-40 por ciento de las fimosis en la infancia, cuyo diagnóstico va en aumento, posiblemente debido a una mayor sospecha. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es analizar los casos de BXO tratados en nuestro centro y su evolución. Revisión retrospectiva entre los años 2002 y 2012 de pacientes con diagnóstico de BXO confirmado por anatomía patológica. Se analizan datos demográficos, tratamiento médico y quirúrgico, y complicaciones post-operatorias. Se estudió retrospectivamente 26 biopsias con diagnóstico histopatológico de BXO. La edad promedio al momento de la circuncisión fue de 7,5 años (r 6m–15a, mediana 9,5). 16/26 pacientes fueron operados por urólogo infantil, y 10/26 por cirujano infantil. En relación a patologías asociadas, uno tenía una hipospadias, y otro un reflujo vesico-ureteral. Después del procedimiento, 6 pacientes recibieron corticoides tópicos. Dos pacientes presentaron estenosis del meato diagnosticado intra-cirugía que se manejan con dilataciones. Cinco pacientes tuvieron re-estenosis del prepucio, los que fueron sometidos a una segunda cirugía; todos habían sido operados por cirujano infantil inicialmente. El tiempo promedio total de seguimiento fue de 6,9 meses (r 1-36); sin embargo de los pacientes sin re-operación (21/26), el seguimiento promedio por urólogo fue de 7,3 meses y aquellos por cirujano infantil fue de 1,8 meses. En nuestro centro, el diagnóstico de BXO por anatomía patológica sólo se hace ante la sospecha clínica, ya que no todas las fimosis son estudiadas con biopsia; esto impide estimar su real incidencia. En esta serie, en los pacientes donde se realizó circuncisión total (80 por ciento), este fue el tratamiento definitivo sin complicaciones, a pesar que sólo el 23 por ciento de los pacientes recibieron corticoides tópicos post tratamiento...

Xerotic Balanitis (BXO) is a chronic inflammatory disease with a reported 10-40 percent of phimosis incidence in childhood, whose diagnosis is increasing, possibly due to greater suspicion. The aim of our study was to analyze cases of BXO treated in our center and its evolution. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective review between 2002 and 2012 of patients diagnosed with pathologically proven BXO. Demographics, medical and surgical treatment, and postoperative complications were analyzed. RESULTS: We retrospectively studied 26 biopsies with histopathological diagnosis of BXO. The average age at circumcision was 7.5 years (r 6m-15a, median 9.5). 16/26 of the patients were operated by pediatric urologists, and 10/26 by pediatric surgeons. Regarding comorbidities, one had a hypospadias, and one a vesicoureteral reflux.After the procedure, 6 patients received topical corticosteroids. Two patients had meatal stenosis diagnosed intra-operatively handled with dilations. Five patients had re-stenosis of the foreskin, which underwent a second surgery; pediatric surgeons initially operated all of them. Mean follow-up was 6.9 months (range 1-36), but between patients without re-operation (21/26), the average follow-up was 7.3 months when done by urologist and for those done by pediatric surgeon it was 1.8 months. CONCLUSIONS: In our center, the diagnosis of BXO by antomopathology is done only after clinical suspicion, because not all phimosis are studied with biopsy, for this reason we are unable to estimate its actual incidence. In this series, in all patients where complete circumcision (80 percent) was performed, this was the definitive treatment without complications, even though only 23 percent of patients received topical corticosteroids after treatment. Because little is known about BXO and it has possible future complications, we believe that its management and long-term monitoring should performed by a specialist.

Enfrentamiento clínico del hidrocolpos a diferentes edades pediátricas / Clinical management of hydrocolpos at different pediatric ages

INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVOS: El hidro y/o hematocolpos es una condición patológica rara, de incidencia 1/16.000 niñas, que consiste en la dilatación de vagina y/o útero por material líquido o hemático. Sus diferentes formas de presentación y especialmente al grupo etario que afecta, puede ser un diagnostico no siempre fácil como también un manejo inadecuado puede determinar diferentes complicaciones de diversa gravedad. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los casos tratados en el servicio de urología pediátrica de acuerdo al grupo etario que correspondió su debut clínico. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes con diagnóstico de hidro o hematocolpos entre los años 2007 y 2011. Se analizan datos demográficos, patologías asociadas, tratamiento y complicaciones. Resultados: Se analizaron 8 niñas, todas con ambigüedad genital al nacer, 7 con hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita. En 6 pacientes se realiza examen endoscópico bajo anestesia general que confirma la presencia de un seno urogenital (SUG) a una edad promedio de 36 meses (r 3m-12a). La edad promedio de presentación del hidrocolpos fue de 6 años (r 1m - 14 a) con un peak entre los 0-2 años y a los 11-14 años, diagnóstico confirmado mediante ecografía. Otras patologías asociadas fueron: cardiopatía congénita (1) e ITU recurrente (5). Una paciente presentó una sobreinfección del hidrocolpos con shock séptico asociado. En dos pacientes (11 y 14 años) se ha realizado el descenso en bloque, 3 pacientes se drena el hidrocolpos por vía endoscópica (cistoscopía). Conclusiones: El hidrocolpos es una patología rara, pero que se debe tener presente especialmente en diagnostico prenatal y/o recién nacidos que se estudian por masa pelviana y/o abdominal, en pacientes con SUG; ya que su detección precoz y tratamiento pueden evitar consecuencias graves como shock séptico de origen uroginecológico.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: hydro and / or hematocolpos are a rare pathological condition, incidence 1/16.000 girls, which involves dilation of vagina and / or uterus with hematic fluid or material. Due to its different forms of presentation and especially the affected age group, diagnosis may not always be easy as improper Management can determine different complications of varying severity. The aim of this paper is to analyze the cases treated in our pediatric urology service according to age group of clinical debut. Material and methods: Retrospective study of patients diagnosed with hydro or hematocolpos between 2007 and 2011. Demographics, co morbidities, treatment and complications were analyzed. Results: 8 girls, all with ambiguous genitalia at birth, 7 with congenital adrenal hyperplasia were analyzed. In 6 patients endoscopic examination performed under general anesthesia confirmed the presence of a urogenital sinus (SUG) at an average age of 36 months (r 3m-12a). The average age of hydrocolpos presentation was 6 years (r 1m - 14) with a peak between 0-2 years and 11-14 years, confirmed by ultrasound diagnosis. Other associated diseases were: congenital heart disease (1) and recurrent UTI (5). One patient had a superinfection of hydrocolpos associated with septic shock. In two patients (11 and 14y.o.) an “en bloc” descent was performed, in 3 patients the hydrocolpos was drained endoscopically (cystoscopy). Conclusiones: hydrocolpos is a rare condition, but it must be especially considered in prenatal diagnosis and / or infants studied by pelvic and / or abdominal mass, in patients with SUG, as early detection and treatment can prevent serious consequences as septic shock of urogynecological origin.

Pieloplastía en menores de 10 kg; ¿abierta o laparoscópica? ¿Que camino escoger? / Pyeloplasty in children under 10 kg;? Open or laparoscopic? What path to choose?

Introducción: La obstrucción pieloureteral (OPU) es la uropatía obstructiva alta más frecuente, y se trata tradicionalemnte mediante pieloplastía abierta. Nuestro propósito es comparar la tasa de éxito y complicaciones de pieloplastía laparoscópica vs pieloplastía abierta en lactantes menores de 10 kg de peso. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo comparativo de dos grupos de pacientes <10 kilos: laparoscópico (grupo 1) y abierto (grupo 2), operados entre 2005 y 2011. Se analizaron datos demográficos, resolución de la hidronefrosis (diámetro antero-posterior de la pelvis o DAP), complicaciones asociadas a la cirugía, ecografía y MAG3 pre y post quirúrgico. Resultados: Se incluyeron 34 pacientes. Ambos grupos comparables estadísticamente entre sí. El grupo 1 incluyó 9 pacientes, edad promedio 7 meses (r 1-11), lateralidad 3 derechos, DAP pre-cirugía 32 mm (r 17-45) y post-cirugía 13,7 mm (r 7-24), MAG3 pre y post-cirugía 38 por ciento y 39 por ciento respectivamente, el tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue de 153 min (r 90-210), sin complicaciones asociadas. El grupo 2 incluyó 25 pacientes, edad promedio de 3,7 meses (r 1-12), lateralidad 16 izquierdos, peso promedio 7 kg (r 3,8-10), DAP pre-cirugía 35,5 mm (r 10-73) y post-cirugía 13,9mm (r 3-31), MAG 3 pre-cirugía 37 por ciento y post cirugía 38 por ciento, tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue de 95 minutos (r 60-170), 1 paciente presentó urinoma post-cirugía, y se presentaron 3 reoperaciones...

Introduction: ureteropelvic junction obstruction (OPU) is the most common upper urinary tract obstructive uropathy, and is usually treated by open pyeloplasty. Our purpose is to analyze whether laparoscopic pyeloplasty has a similar success and complication rate as the open approach in patients of less than 10 kg.Materials and Methods: This retrospective study involved two groups of patients of less than 10 kilos: Open (group 1) and laparoscopic (group 2), operated between 2005 and 2011. We analyzed demographic data, resolution of hydronephrosis (anteroposterior diameter of the pelvis or DAP), complications of surgery, ultrasound and MAG3 pre and post surgery. Results: 34 patients were included. Both groups statistically comparable to each other. In group 1 there were 25 patients, average age of 3.7 months (r 1-12), 16 units were left, average weight 7 kg (r 3,8-10), anteroposterior renal pelvis diameter (DAP) pre-surgery 35,5 mm (r 10-73) and 13,9 mm after surgery (r 3-31), MAG 3 was 37 percent pre-surgery and 38 percent post-surgery, the average operative time was 95 minutes (r 60-170) , one patient had urinoma after surgery, and 3 required reoperation. In group 2, there were 9 patients, average age 7 months (r 1-11), 3 units were right, DAP was 32 mm pre-surgery (r 17-45) and 13.7 mm after surgery (r 7-24), MAG3 38 percent pre and 39 percent operative time was 153 min (r 90-210) without complications...

Técnica de Yang-Monti en ostomías continentes para cateterismo intermitente: experiencia de 15 años en Hospital Carlos Van Buren / Yang-­Monti technique in continent ostomies for intermittent catheterization: experience of 15 years in Hospital Carlos Van Buren

Introducción: Existen situaciones en la práctica urológica, en que el daño al aparato esfinteriano, uretra o vejiga obliga a recurrir a algún mecanismo que permita derivar un reservorio o vejiga ampliada hacia la pared abdominal. Para ello, es posible realizar ostomías continentes, con distintos segmentos intestinales, para autocateterismo intermitente limpio. La técnica de Yang-Monti presenta ventajas con respecto a otras ostomías, como el uso de un segmento intestinal pequeño, la mayor facilidad en ubicar y fijar la ostomía. Objetivo: Describir la experiencia de la técnica de Yang-Monti para cateterismo intermitente limpio, su evolución a través del tiempo y sus principales complicaciones según la casuística de nuestro centro. Materiales y Método: Estudio observacional retrospetivo. Revisión de 31 casos de ostomías continentes para cateterismo intermitente con la técnica de Yang-Monti desde enero de 1996 a septiembre del 2011. Se evalúa el diagnóstico etiológico, segmento intestinal del reservorio, ubicación del extremo distal de la ostomía y sus respectivas complicaciones precoces, tardías y estado al final del seguimiento. Resultado: En relación al segmento intestinal utilizado para reservorio, en 14 casos (45 por ciento) se utilizó colon sigmoides, en 9 (29 por ciento) íleon y en 8 transverso (26 por ciento). Con respecto al lugar en que fue exteriorizado el conducto de Yang-monti, en 19 casos (61por ciento) fue al ombligo y en 12 (39 por ciento) a fosa iliaca. Hubo complicaciones precoces (antes de 3 meses) en 8 pacientes (25 por ciento), de los cuales 4 (12,9 por ciento) requirieron reintervención, 3 de estos fallecen precozmente a consecuencia de la cirugía, presentando los diagnósticos de evisceración, obstrucción intestinal e infección de herida operatoria...

Introduction: There are situations in urological practice, in that the damage to the sphincter apparatus, urethra or bladder makes it necessary to use some mechanism to derive an enlarged reservoir or bladder to the abdominal wall. It is therefore possible to use different intestinal segments as continente ostomies for intermittent self cathetherisation. Yang Monti technique presents advantages over other ostomies: use of a small intestinal segment, easier placement and fixation. Objective: To describe the experience of the Yang-­‐Monti technique for clean intermittent catheterization, its evolution over time and its major complications in our center. Materials and Methods: Observational retrospective study. Review of 31 cases of Yang‐Monti intermittent catheterization continente ostomies from January 1996 to September 2011. Etiologic diagnosis, intestinal segment of the reservoir, location of the distal end of the ostomy and their early and late complications, and follow-­‐up status are evaluated. Results: Regarding the intestinal segment used for reservoir: in 14 cases (45 percent) was used sigmoid colon, in 9 ileum (29 percent) and in 8 transverse colon (26 percent). The Yang‐Monti was externalized in the navel in 19 cases (61 percent) and in iliac fossa 12 (39 percent)...

Braquiterapia en urología pediátrica: ¿una mejor alternativa con menos secuelas? / Brachytherapy in pediatric urology: a better alternative with les sequels?

El rabdomiosarcoma (RMS) representa el 3° tumor sólido extracraneal pediátrico. El uso de braquiterapia nos ha dado una nueva herramienta en el tratamiento de esta patología. En este trabajo queremos reportar la experiencia del uso de cirugía más conservadora asociada a braquiterapia en pacientes con RMS urológicos. Método: Revisión de todos los casos del año 2004-2011 de RMS urológicos manejados con braquiterapia postoperatoria y/o intraoperatoria, asociado a quimioterapia (QMT) preoperatoria. Resultados: En los 8 años de estudio hubo 6 RMS; se incluyen 5pacientes dado que uno fue RMS testicular que no requirió radioterapia. Caso 1: Masculino de 2 años RMS embrionario Grupo IV Estadio 4 de próstata, con QMT según protocolo y braquiterapia en la semana 24 de QMT. Lleva 76 meses libre de enfermedad. Caso 2: Masculino de 5 años, RMS embrionario Grupo lll Estadio 2 en vejiga, con QMT preoperatoria (12 semanas), cirugía con resección de tumor en cara anterior de vejiga y braquiterapia; completó esquema QMT. Lleva 30 meses libre de enfermedad, sin alteraciones miccionales. Caso 3: Masculino de 7 años, RMS embrionario Grupo lll Estadio 3 de próstata, con QMT según protocolo y braquiterapia en la semana 22 de QMT. Lleva 17meses libre de enfermedad, función vesical e intestinal normal. Caso 4: Femenino de 4 años, RMSbotroide Grupo lll Estadio 1 de vagina, con quimioterapia preoperatoria (12 semanas), cirugia y braquiterapia postquirúrgica, completó esquema de QMT. Lleva 4 meses libre de enfermedad, sin alteración miccional ni intestinal. Caso 5: Femenino de 2 años, RMS embrionario Grupo lll Estadio 3de psoas con compromiso de vejiga, con cirugía, QMT según protocolo y radioterapia externa; pre-sentó recidiva local, por lo que inicia QMT, cirugía resectiva del tumor en cara posterior de vejiga y uréter derecho + radioterapia intraoperatoria con cono. Lleva 2 meses libre de enfermedad. Sin alteración miccional ni intestinal...

The rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) represents the 3m’ extracraneal solid tumor in children. Brachytherapy use has given a new tool in this disease treatment. In this investigation we want to report the experience of conservative surgery associated to brachytherapy in patients with urological RMS. Method: Retrospective review of all the urological RMS cases between the years 2004-2011managed with postoperative and or intraoperative brachytherapy, associated to preoperative chemotherapy ( CM T). Results: ln a 8 year period there were 6 RMS; 5 are included because one case was a testicular RMS that did not required radiotherapy. Case 1: Two years old male children, prostatic group l V stage 4 embryonal RMS, with CMT according to protocol and brachytherapy in the 24”’ week of CMT Has been 76 months free of disease. Case 2: Five years old boy, bladder group lll stage 2embryonal RMS, with preoperative CMT (12 weeks), surgery including resection of tumor in the bladder anterior wall and brachytherapy,‘ Completed CMT protocol. Has been 30 months free of disease, without voiding disorders. Case 3: Seven years old boy, prostatic group lll stage 3 embryonal RMS, with CMT according to protocol and brachytherapy in 22'“ CMT week. Has been 17 months free of disease, normal bladder and intestinal function. Case 4: Four years old girl, vagina group lll stage 1botyroid RMS, with preoperative CMT (12 weeks), resective surgery and post-operative brachytherapy, completed CMT according to protocol. Has been 4 months free of disease, without voiding or intestinal disorders. Case 5: Two years old girl, psoas compromising bladder group llI stage 3 embryonal RMS, with surgery, CMT according to protocol and external radiotherapy. Presented local recurrence reason why initiates new CMT protocol, resective posterior wall bladder and right ureter surgery intraoperative radiotherapy cone. Has been 2 months free of disease. Without voiding or intestinal...