Functional outcomes and satisfaction rates of sacral nerve stimulation in the treatment of one and multiples pelvic floor dysfunctions

Objective: Few studies have addressed the use of sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) in the treatment of patients with multiple pelvic floor dysfunctions (PFD). So, we evaluated the functional outcomes and level of satisfaction with SNS in selected patients with one or multiples PFD. Methods: A prospective database was used to collect information on eligible patients treated for PFD with SNS, and severity of symptoms was assessed with scores and satisfaction rates by visual analogue scale (VAS) at baseline and by the end of follow-up. Results: We recruited 70 patients, 98.6% of whom responded positively during the evaluation period (Global Response Assessment ≥ 50% for at least one type of PFD), resulting in the implantation of a permanent SNS device. Additionally, 49 of the patients (71%) had a single PFD (fecal incontinence [FI] = 38; constipation/obstructed defecation syndrome [C/ODS] = 11), while 20 (29%) had more than one PFD (double incontinence/n = 12; double incontinence + C/ODS/n = 8). All scores improved significantly between baseline (pre-SNS) and the end of follow-up (post-SNS), as did VAS in all groups (single and multiple PFD). The pre-SNS scores were higher in patients with a single PFD, including FI (Cleveland clinic Florida incontinence score [CCF-FI]) and C/ODS (Cleveland clinic constipation score [C-CCF] and the Renzi ODS score). The pre-SNS impact of VAS scores was similar in all groups (single and multiple PFD), but the VAS (post-SNS) was significantly lower (better response) for FI alone compared with multiple PFD. Conclusion: The SNS technique is an effective and safe option for patients with one or more PFD refractory to conservative measures. Response was positive for at least two PFD, based on reduced correspondent scores and satisfaction rate. (AU)

Establishing the normal ranges of female and male anal canal and rectal wall vascularity with color Doppler anorectal ultrasonography / Estabelecendo padrões normais da vascularização do canal anal e da parede retal em indivíduos do sexo masculino e feminino com ultrassom anorretal com Doppler colorido

ABSTRACT Study objectives: To evaluate blood supply in the anal canal, rectal wall and mesorectal fat of men and women, using color Doppler endorectal sonography to establish normal ranges for vascular parameters. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary-care hospital recruited asymptomatic volunteers (≤50 years). Vascularity percentage and index were calculated for defined regions. Results: Vascularity percentage and index were significantly higher in the puborectalis, mid-level external and upper internal anal sphincter compared to the low anal canal; these parameters were higher in men than in women at upper and middle levels of the inner anal canal structures. At mid-level, vascularity was greater in the external compared to the internal anal sphincter in both sexes; however, at the upper level it was greater in the puborectalis compared to the internal anal sphincter in women. Vascularity was greater in the rectal wall compared to the mesorectal fat, with no difference between middle and lower levels. Conclusions: Blood supply is highest at upper levels of the anal canal; however, inner structures are better irrigated in men. Moreover, the rectal wall is better irrigated than the mesorectal fat. Establishing normal ranges may permit future comparisons of the studied structures in disease states as well as the hormonal and age related changes.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar vascularização do canal anal, parede retal e gordura mesorretal em homens e mulheres, usando ultrassonografia endorretal com Doppler colorido para estabelecer parâmetros vasculares de normalidade. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo transversal incluindo voluntários assintomáticos com até 50 anos. Medidos os valores da porcentagem e do índice de vascularização foram calculados para regiões escolhidas. Resultados: Valores da porcentagem e do índice foram significativamente maiores no puborretal, esfíncter externo (canal anal médio) e o esfíncter interno (canal anal superior) comparado ao canal anal inferior; esses parâmetros foram maiores em homens que em mulheres no canal anal médio e alto. No médio, a vascularização foi maior no esfíncter externo comparado ao interno em ambos os sexos; contudo, no canal anal superior, foi maior no puborretal comparado ao esfíncter anal interno em mulheres. A vascularização foi maior na parede retal comparada à gordura mesorretal, sem diferenças entre os níveis. Conclusões: O suprimento sanguíneo é maior nos níveis altos do canal anal. As estruturas internas são mais irrigadas nos homens. A parede retal é mais irrigada que a gordura mesorretal. Os parâmetros vasculares estabelecidos permitirá futuras comparações das estruturas estudadas nos casos de doenças, assim como, alterações que ocorrem com a idade e mudanças hormonais.