[Changes in serum lipids in rats treated with oral cooper]. / Modificaciones de los lípidos séricos de ratas suplementadas con cobre por vía oral.

Disturbances in lipid metabolism during copper deficiency in rats are well recognized. Copper deficiency is associated with the spontaneous retention of hepatic iron. Previous studies have reported that hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia are associated with elevated hepatic iron concentrations in copper deficient rats. There was a direct relationship between the magnitude of blood lipids and the concentration of hepatic iron. Based on these data, it has been hypothesized that iron was responsible for the development of lipemia of copper deficiency. In this study was determined the effect of increasing doses of Cu(10, 20 and 50 ppm) in the diet, on the serum total lipids, total cholesterol, triglycerides (triacylglicerols), phospholipids, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and liver iron and zinc concentrations in normal rats. The results were compared with normal rats that received a balanced diet containing 0.6 and 6 ppm of Cu, respectively. The results show that Cu-supplement diminished the cholesterol and triglyceride serum levels, increased the level of phospholipids, NEFA and concomitantly decreased the hepatic concentrations of Fe and Zn. There was a statistically significant (p < 0.05) simple correlation between triglycerides and liver Fe (r = 0.917; R2 = 64.03%), cholesterol and liver Zn (r = 0.872; R2 = 76.07%), cholesterol and liver Fe (r = 0.995; R2 = 99.10%), liver Fe and liver Cu (r = -0.612), liver Fe and liver Zn (r = 0.837), liver Cu and liver Zn (r = -0.612), and serum triglycerides and liver Zn (r = 0.967). The mechanism(s) by which Fe and Zn determine these changes is not known; none of the enzymes that act in cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism and biosynthesis require Fe and/or Zn. The increase of NEFA is due to changes in the process of lipolysis and re-esterification of the fatty acids in blood. However, additional studies are needed for the precise mechanisms of this interrelationships to be clarified.

Alterations in kidney enzyme pattern in acute hypervitaminosis A.

The relation of excessive doses of vitamin A with various kidney pathologies is well known however, information concerning the relation of kidney enzyme activity with acute hypervitaminosis A is rather scarce. In this study we describe the kidney enzymatic alterations observed in rats that received daily intramuscular injections of 10,000, 30,000, 50,000 and 100,000 IU of vitamin A palmitate (VA) during seven days (TREATED GROUPS). A comparison is made with the enzyme activity in healthy rats pair-fed and treated with sodium palmitate by intramuscular injection (CONTROL GROUP). The treated rats showed a proportional increase (p < 0.05) in activity of acid maltase, transminases or aminotransferases (GOT and GPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid protease with all doses of VA administered. Amylase, lipase and arginase tend to decrease (p < 0.05) in activity only with doses of 50,000 and 100,000 I.U. of VA. Several factors are responsible for these findings, such as kidney necrosis due to release of lysosomal acid hydrolases produced by hypervitaminosis A.

Alterations in kidney enzyme pattern in acute hypervitaminosis A

The relation of excessive doses of vitamin A with various kidney pathologies is well known however, information concerning the relation of kidney enzyme activity with acute hypervitaminosis A is rather scarce. In this study we describe the kidney enzymatic alterations observed in rats that received daily intramuscular injectiosn of 10.000, 30.000, 50.000 and 100.000IU of vitamin A palmitate (VA) during seven days (TREATED GROUPS). A comparison is made with the enzyme activity in healthy rats pairfed and treated with sodium palmitte by intramuscular injection (CONTROL GROUP). The treated rats showed a proportional increase (<0.05) in activity of acid maltase, transaminases or aminotransferase (GOT and GPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid protease with all doses of VA administered, Amylase, lipase and arginase tend to decrease (p<0.05) in activity only with doses of 50.000 and 100.000 I.U. of VA. Several factors are responsible for these findings, such as kidney necrosis due to release of lysosomal acid hydrolases produced by hypervitaminosis A.

Efecto de la vitamina K3 (menadiona) sobre el contenido sérico y hepático de Ca, Mg, Pi y Cl / Effect of the vitamin K3 (menadiona) on the contents silken and hepatic of Ca, Mg, Pi and Cl

En el presente estudio se describe el efecto de dosis elevadas de vitamina K3 (VK: 10 a 50 mg/kg/día) inyectadas intramuscularmente, durante un lapso de 7 días, sobre el contenido sérico y hepático de Ca,Mg,Pi y Cl en ratas blancas macho y se comparan los resultados con lo que sucede en ratas tratadas con dosis iguales de bisulfito de sodio. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que la vitamina K a dosis elevadas produce una marcada alteración en el contenido sérico y hepático de Ca,Mg y de Pi sin modificar el contenido de Cl. En consecuencia, la hipervitamina K, al igual que lo que sucede con las vitaminas A y D, puede alterar significativamente el metabolismo mineral con graves consecuencias para las diversas actividades enzimáticas corporales

Serum level of Zn, Cu and Fe in healthy schoolchildren residing in Mérida, Venezuela.

Levels of Zn, Cu and Fe were measured in blood serum samples of 320 children: 160 boys and 160 girls randomly selected, ages between 7 and 14 years, all considered healthy and residing in the City of Merida, Venezuela. The metals were determined using flow injection analysis-flame atomic absorption spectrometry. There was a tendency for serum Zn (SZn) to increase with age. There was no significant difference in SZn levels between males and females in the different age groups. Serum copper (SCu) decreases significantly (p < 0.05) with age in male children, whereas it increases in female children. The concentration of serum iron (SFe) tends to be lower than that reported in the literature. However, the age groups studied showed no statistically significant sex and age-related differences. The results are compared with values previously reported for healthy children studied in other communities. The present study has shown that there is a complex interaction between SZn, SCu, SFe and age and sex of the children. On the other hand, our observations also suggest that more detailed studies of these metals should be done, and that the study should include metabolic balances and associations between SZn, SCu, SFe and anthropometric variables (height, weight, body mass index and skinfold thickness).

Manganese levels in serum of healthy Venezuelan infants living in Mérida.

Taking up where a previous paper had left off (10) the purpose of this study was to examine in further detail the serum concentration of manganese of 180 apparently healthy Venezuelan infants (96 boys and 84 girls) ranging from 5 days to 12 months old, all residents of Mérida. The flow injection analysis-atomic absorption spectrophotometric technique was used for the determination of manganese. The mean values of serum manganese were 0.42 +/- 0.12, 0.41 +/- 0.11, 0.39 +/- 0.13, 0.39 +/- 0.1, 0.38 +/- 0.09, 0.37 +/- 0.11, 0.36 +/- 0.12 and 0.29 +/- 0.10 microgram/L in infants 5 days and 1,3,5,7,10,11 and 12 months old, respectively. These values indicate that the average concentration of manganese in serum decreases with age, but the mechanism involved is not yet known, nor are the consequences of the decrease. The statistical analysis did not show any significant influence of sex on the serum value of the metal in the age range of 5 days to 12 months.

Efecto hepato protector del selenio y de la vitamina E en ratas sometidas a ingesta alcohólica crónica / Effect hepato protective of the selenium and the vitamine E in rats submision a chronic alcoholic ingestion

En la presente investigación se estudió el efecto protector del selenio (Se) y de la VE (VE) administrados por vía oral sobre la aparición de alteraciones histopatológicas hepáticas en ratas Wistar machos jóvenes sometidas a la ingesta crónica de alcohol. Los animales con ingesta crónica de alcohol sin tratamiento antioxidante mostraron al estudio histológico: marcada esteatosis hepática conjuntamente con congestión, zonas de hemorragia y de necrosis lítica, edema, infiltrados inflamatorios agudos y crónicos, presencia de cuerpos de Mallory en los hepatocitos centrolobulillares y mitocondrias grandes y esféricas. En otros se observó fibrosis periportal y centrolobulillar. El hallazgo más significativo correspondió a las lesiones malignas (carcinoma hepatocelular) encontradas en tres ejemplares de este grupo. En los animales con ingesta crónica de alcohol y tratados simultáneamente con Se + VE, estas alteraciones no se pudieron detectar. En los animales tratados sólo con VE o con Se, los hallazgos histopatológicos fueron más evidentes al comparar con los animales que recibieron los dos nutrientes. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran el efecto crónica del alcohol. Se discute la participación de los radicales libres en la producción de estas alteraciones y se destaca el efecto antioxidante de la VE y sus interacciones bioquímicas con el Se y con la selenoenzima: glutatión peroxidasa (Gpx), un antioxidante preventivo