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1.
Rev. epidemiol. controle infecç ; 10(1): 38-45, jan.-mar. 2020. ilus
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: biblio-1177777

RESUMO

Justificativa e Objetivo: O vírus da hepatite B tem alta prevalência mundial, com forte impacto na saúde pública, o que justifica as estratégias de vigilância e prevenção dos possíveis agravos. O risco da exposição ao vírus entre os estudantes e profissionais de saúde constitui uma grande preocupação mostrando-se baixa a adesão desse público as medidas de biossegurança. O objetivo foi avaliar o conhecimento, imunização contra hepatite B e uso das medidas de biossegurança por estudantes da área da saúde em uma universidade no interior de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal, descritivo, com aplicação de questionário, de autopreenchimento, a estudantes da área da saúde composto por variáveis sociodemográficas e referentes ao tema biossegurança. Resultados: Dentre os 540 estudantes que participaram do estudo, 37,2% declararam não ter conhecimento sobre biossegurança, e desse total, 28,9% não foram vacinados contra a hepatite B, 32,4% dos estudantes consideraram que não estavam expostos ao vírus da hepatite B, e desses 25,7% não eram vacinados. Ainda o estudo mostrou que 13,3% dos estudantes não usavam luvas e destes 41,7% não eram vacinados. Conclusão: Verificou-se que existem lacunas em relação ao conhecimento e uso das medidas de biossegurança, entre estas, a falha da imunização contra hepatite B. Neste sentido, faz-se necessária a adoção de políticas de educação permanente com inclusão sistemática do tema biossegurança e adoção de mecanismos que garantirão a imunização desses estudantes.(AU)


Rationale and Objective: The hepatitis B virus has a high global prevalence, with a strong impact on public health, which justifies strategies for surveillance and prevention of possible diseases. The risk of exposure to the virus among students and health professionals is a major concern showing that public adherence to biosafety measures is low. The objective was to evaluate knowledge, immunization against hepatitis B and use of biosafety measures by students of the health area at a university in the interior of Minas Gerais. Methods: Cross - sectional, descriptive study with self - filling questionnaires to health students composed of sociodemographic variables and about biosafety. Results: Of the 540 students who participated in the study, 37.2% declared that they did not know about biosafety, and of that total, 28.9% were not vaccinated against hepatitis B, 32.4% of the students considered that they were not exposed to biosafety hepatitis B virus, and of these 25.7% were not vaccinated. Still the study showed that 13.3% of the students did not use gloves and of these 41.7% were not vaccinated. Conclusion: It was verified that there are gaps in the knowledge and use of biosafety measures, among them, the failure of immunization against hepatitis B. In this sense, it is necessary to adopt policies of permanent education with systematic inclusion of biosafety and the adoption of mechanisms that will guarantee the immunization of these students.(AU)


Justificación y Objetivos: El virus de la hepatitis B tiene alta prevalencia mundial, con fuerte impacto en la salud pública, lo que justifica las estrategias de vigilancia y prevención de los posibles agravios. El riesgo de exposición al virus entre los estudiantes y los profesionales de la salud constituye una gran preocupación por la baja de la adhesión de este público a las medidas de bioseguridad. El objetivo fue evaluar el conocimiento, inmunización contra hepatitis B y el uso de las medidas de bioseguridad por estudiantes del área de la salud en una universidad en el interior de Minas Gerais. Métodos: Estudio transversal, descriptivo, con aplicación de cuestionario, de auto-relleno, a estudiantes del área de salud compuesto por variables sociodemográficas y sobre el tema bioseguridad. Resultados: Entre los 540 estudiantes que participaron en el estudio, el 37,2% declaró no tener conocimiento sobre bioseguridad, y de ese total, el 28,9% no fueron vacunados contra la hepatitis B, el 32,4% de los estudiantes consideró que no estaban expuestos al riesgo, virus de la hepatitis B, y de ese 25,7% no eran vacunados. Aún el estudio mostró que el 13,3% de los estudiantes no usaban guantes y de los 41,7% no eran vacunados. Conclusión: Se verificó que existen lagunas en relación al conocimiento y uso de las medidas de bioseguridad, entre éstas, el fallo de la inmunización contra hepatitis B. En este sentido, se hace necesaria la adopción de políticas de educación permanente con inclusión sistemática del tema bioseguridad y la adopción de mecanismos que garantizarán la inmunización de esos estudiantes.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Estudantes de Ciências da Saúde , Imunização , Contenção de Riscos Biológicos , Educação Continuada , Hepatite B , Vírus da Hepatite B , Saúde Pública , Prevenção de Doenças
2.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 53: e20190216, 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1057261

RESUMO

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an important parasitic disease. We evaluated the epidemiological aspects and spatial distribution of visceral leishmaniasis in Governador Valadares, Brazil. METHODS: All cases of VL, registered by the municipal health department, were analyzed and georeferenced. RESULTS: The human mortality rate was 15% and canine seroprevalence rate was 29.0%. Higher numbers of canine VL cases correlated with higher incidence of human cases. CONCLUSIONS: The high rate of canine seroprevalence, resurgence of the human disease, and correlation between canine and human VL reinforces the role of the dog in disease transmission within the municipality.


Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Feminino , Cães , Doenças do Cão/enfermagem , Leishmaniose Visceral/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Incidência , Análise Espacial , Leishmaniose Visceral/veterinária
3.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop ; 53: e20190216, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31859947

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an important parasitic disease. We evaluated the epidemiological aspects and spatial distribution of visceral leishmaniasis in Governador Valadares, Brazil. METHODS: All cases of VL, registered by the municipal health department, were analyzed and georeferenced. RESULTS: The human mortality rate was 15% and canine seroprevalence rate was 29.0%. Higher numbers of canine VL cases correlated with higher incidence of human cases. CONCLUSIONS: The high rate of canine seroprevalence, resurgence of the human disease, and correlation between canine and human VL reinforces the role of the dog in disease transmission within the municipality.


Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Leishmaniose Visceral/epidemiologia , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Cães , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Leishmaniose Visceral/veterinária , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Análise Espacial
4.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20007259

RESUMO

Angiogenesis and inflammation are persistent features of several pathological conditions. Propolis, a sticky material that honeybees collect from living plants, has been reported to have multiple biological effects including anti-inflammatory and anti-neoplasic activities. Here, we investigated the effects of water extract of green propolis (WEP) on angiogenesis, inflammatory cell accumulation and endogenous production of cytokines in sponge implants of mice over a 14-day period. Blood vessel formation as assessed by hemoglobin content and by morphometric analysis of the implants was reduced by WEP (500 mg kg(-1) orally) compared to the untreated group. The levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) increased progressively in the treated group but decreased after Day 10 in the control group. Accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages was determined by measuring myeloperoxidase (MPO) and N-acetyl-ß-(D)-glucosaminidase (NAG) activities, respectively. Neutrophil accumulation was unaffected by propolis, but NAG activity was reduced by the treatment at Day 14. The levels TGF-ß1 intra-implant increased progressively in both groups but were higher (40%) at Day 14 in the control implants. The pro-inflammatory levels of TNF-α peaked at Day 7 in the control implants, and at Day 14 in the propolis-treated group. Our results indicate that the anti-inflammatory/anti-angiogenic effects of propolis are associated with cytokine modulation.

5.
Virchows Arch ; 457(5): 609-18, 2010 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20857143

RESUMO

We carried out a model of chronic inflammation using a subcutaneous paraffin tablet in mice experimentally infected with Leishmania major. It was previously reported that the parasite load following paraffin implantation occurred at a peak of 21 days in both BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. At the present study, we have investigated what cytokines and chemokines are directly related to the parasite load in C57BL/6 mice. All mice were divided in four groups: mice implanted with paraffin tablets; mice experimentally infected with L. major; mice implanted with paraffin tablets and experimentally infected with L. major; and mice submitted only to the surgery were used for the Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) controls. Fragments of skin tissue and the tissue surrounding the paraffin tablets (inflammatory capsule) were collected for histopathology and RT-PCR studies. By 21 days, a diffuse chronic inflammatory reaction was mainly observed in the deep dermis where macrophages parasitized with Leishmania amastigotes were also found. RT-PCR analysis has shown that BALB/c mice showed strong IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA expression than controls with very little expression of IFN-γ. In contrast, both IFN-γ and IL-10 mRNA was found in higher levels in C57BL/6 animals. Moreover, in C57BL/6 mice the expression of chemokines mRNA of CCL3/MIP-1α was more highly expressed than CCL2/MCP-1. We conclude that the Th1 immune response C57BL/6 did not change to a Th2 response, even though C57BL/6 animals presented higher parasitism than BALB/c mice 21 days after infection and paraffin implantation.


Assuntos
Citocinas/biossíntese , Leishmaniose Cutânea/imunologia , Animais , Quimiocinas/biossíntese , Quimiocinas/imunologia , Citocinas/imunologia , Leishmania major/imunologia , Leishmaniose Cutânea/parasitologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Parafina , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Comprimidos
6.
Cell Immunol ; 262(1): 62-8, 2010.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20092813

RESUMO

To ascertain the role of IL-4 in aversion to antigen induced by food allergy, wild type and IL-4 deficient BALB/c mice were sensitized with ovalbumin and challenged orally with egg white. Sensitized wild type mice had increased production of IL-4 by spleen and mesenteric lymph node cells in vitro, higher levels of serum anti-ovalbumin IgE and IgG1, aversion to ingestion of the antigen and loss of body weight after continuous oral challenge. Intestinal changes in wild type sensitized mice included eosinophil infiltration and increased mucus production. The IL-4 deficiency impaired the development of food allergy and the aversion to antigen, suggesting the involvement of the antigen specific antibodies. When IL-4 deficient mice received serum from sensitized wild type donors, the aversion was restored. These results indicate that production of IL-4 and specific IgE/IgG1 antibodies correlate with aversion to antigen induced by food allergy in mice.


Assuntos
Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/imunologia , Interleucina-4/imunologia , Animais , Peso Corporal , Galinhas , Digestão , Feminino , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/metabolismo , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/patologia , Imunoglobulina E/sangue , Imunoglobulina E/imunologia , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Interleucina-4/biossíntese , Interleucina-4/deficiência , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Knockout , Ovalbumina/imunologia , Ovalbumina/metabolismo
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