Grade 2 disabilities in leprosy patients from Brazil: Need for follow-up after completion of multidrug therapy.

BACKGROUND: Leprosy continues to be a public health problem in many countries. Difficulties faced by health services include late diagnosis, under-reporting of new cases, adequate monitoring of disabilities and treatment. Furthermore, systematic follow-up after completion of treatment is important, when new disabilities may occur, or existing disabilities may get worse. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of leprosy-associated grade 2 disabilities (G2D) after completion of multidrug therapy (MDT) and to identify factors associated with G2D. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of 222 leprosy cases registered in Vitória da Conquista, Bahia state, Brazil from 2001-2014. We performed a clinical examination of the study participants and collected socio-economic and clinical information by interview. We identified factors associated with grade 2 disability (G2D) using logis tic regression. RESULTS: In total, 38 (17.1%) participants were diagnosed with G2D, and 106 (47.7%) with grade 1 disabilities (G1D). The following independent factors were significantly associated with G2D: occurrence of leprosy reaction (adjusted OR = 2.5; 95%CI = 1.09-5.77), thickening and/or tenderness of one or more nerve trunks (adjusted OR = 3.0; CI = 1.13-8.01) and unemployment (adjusted OR = 7.17; CI = 2.44-21.07). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that physical disabilities remain after completion of MDT and frequently occur in an endemic area in Brazil. Finding new ways to reduce the burden of disability are urgently needed, and may include systematic follow-up of patients after treatment completion combined with evidence-based preventative measures.

Incapacidades físicas em pessoas que concluíram a poliquimioterapia para hanseníase em Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil / Physical disabilities after multidrug therapy for leprosy in Vitória da Conquista, Bahia State, Brazil

Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de incapacidades físicas e fatores associados, em pessoas que concluíram a poliquimioterapia (PQT) para hanseníase. Métodos: Realizou-se estudo transversal (n=222) no município de Vitória da Conquista-Bahia-Brasil, incluindo casos de hanseníase notificados de 2001-2014. As incapacidades físicas foram avaliadas por meio de aplicação de instrumento e avaliação do grau de incapacidade (GI) e do escore olho-mão-pé (OMP). Resultados: A prevalência de incapacidades físicas foi de 64,8% (n=144), e de GI 2 foi de 17,1% (n=38). As incapacidades físicas associaram-se de forma significante com analfabetismo (RP = 1,27; IC 95% = 1,05­1,54), classificação operacional multibacilar (RP = 1,26; IC 95% = 1,01­1,57), ocorrência de episódios reacionais (RP =1,41; IC 95% = 1,14­1,74) e dor/espessamento neural (RP = 1,3; IC 95% = 1,02­1,64). Houve piora do GI em 34 (32,1%) dos casos, considerando o momento do diagnóstico à alta. Conclusões: As incapacidades físicas, inclusive as com deformidades, constituem um importante problema no contexto individual e coletivo dos casos que seguem no pós-alta da PQT. Ressalta-se a necessitando de maior monitoramento e cuidado longitudinal, no sentido de prevenir sequelas específicas da doença.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of physical disabilities and associated factors in people who completed multidrug therapy for leprosy. Method: A cross-sectional study (n = 222) was carried out in the city of Vitória da Conquista-Bahia-Brazil, including cases of leprosy reported from 2001-2014. Physical disabilities were assessed through instrument application and assessment of the degree of disability (GI) and the eye-hand-foot score (EHF). Results: The prevalence of physical disabilities was 64,8% (n = 144), and GI 2 was 17,1% (n = 38). Physical disabilities were significantly associated with illiteracy (RP = 1,27; 95% CI = 1,05-1,54), multibacillary operational classification (RP = 1,26; 95% CI = 1,01 -1,57), reactional episodes (RP = 1,41; 95% CI = 1,14 ­ 1,74) and pain / neural thickening (RP = 1,3; 95% CI = 1,02-1,64 ). There was worsening of GI in 34 (32,1%) of the cases, considering the time of diagnosis at discharge. Conclusions: Physical disabilities, including those with deformities, constitute an important problem in the individual and collective context of the cases that follow in the post-discharge of MDT. The need for greater monitoring and longitudinal care, in order to prevent specific sequalae of the disease.

Content validity of the Geriatric Health Assessment Instrument.

OBJECTIVE: Assess the content validity of the Elderly Health Assessment Tool with low education. METHODS: The data collection instrument/questionnaire was prepared and submitted to an expert panel comprising four healthcare professionals experienced in research on epidemiology of aging. The experts were allowed to suggest item inclusion/exclusion and were asked to rate the ability of individual items in questionnaire blocks to encompass target dimensions as "not valid", "somewhat valid" or "valid", using an interval scale. Percent agreement and the Content Validity Index were used as measurements of inter-rater agreement; the minimum acceptable inter-rater agreement was set at 80%. RESULTS: The mean instrument percent agreement rate was 86%, ranging from 63 to 99%, and from 50 to 100% between and within blocks respectively. The Mean Content Validity Index score was 93.47%, ranging from 50 to 100% between individual items. CONCLUSION: The instrument showed acceptable psychometric properties for application in geriatric populations with low levels of education. It enabled identifying diseases and assisted in choice of strategies related to health of the elderly. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a validade de conteúdo do Instrumento de Avaliação da Saúde do Idoso com baixa escolaridade. MÉTODOS: Após a elaboração do instrumento de coleta de dados, o questionário foi submetido à avaliação de um comitê de especialistas, formado por quatro profissionais da área da saúde com experiência em pesquisas da epidemiologia do envelhecimento. Os especialistas puderam sugerir questões a serem incluídas/excluídas do instrumento, e avaliar cada bloco do questionário, observando se as dimensões a serem avaliadas foram abrangidas pelos itens do instrumento, em escala intervalar, como "não válida", "pouco válida" e "válida". Como medidas para avaliar o grau de concordância do instrumento, foram utilizados o porcentual de concordância e o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo. Considerou-se uma taxa aceitável de concordância o valor de 80%. RESULTADOS: O instrumento apresentou taxa média de concordância de 86%, variando, dentre os blocos, de 63 a 99% e, dentre os itens, de 50 a 100%. O Índice de Validade de Conteúdo apresentou escore médio de 93,47% e, dentre os itens do questionário, de 50 a 100%. CONCLUSÃO: O instrumento apresentou qualidades psicométricas aceitáveis para ser utilizado entre a população de idosos com baixa escolaridade, permitindo a identificação dos agravos e auxiliando na escolha de estratégias, no que diz respeito à saúde do idoso.

Content validity of the Geriatric Health Assessment Instrument / Validade de conteúdo do Instrumento de Avaliação da Saúde do Idoso

ABSTRACT Objective Assess the content validity of the Elderly Health Assessment Tool with low education. Methods The data collection instrument/questionnaire was prepared and submitted to an expert panel comprising four healthcare professionals experienced in research on epidemiology of aging. The experts were allowed to suggest item inclusion/exclusion and were asked to rate the ability of individual items in questionnaire blocks to encompass target dimensions as “not valid”, “somewhat valid” or “valid”, using an interval scale. Percent agreement and the Content Validity Index were used as measurements of inter-rater agreement; the minimum acceptable inter-rater agreement was set at 80%. Results The mean instrument percent agreement rate was 86%, ranging from 63 to 99%, and from 50 to 100% between and within blocks respectively. The Mean Content Validity Index score was 93.47%, ranging from 50 to 100% between individual items. Conclusion The instrument showed acceptable psychometric properties for application in geriatric populations with low levels of education. It enabled identifying diseases and assisted in choice of strategies related to health of the elderly.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a validade de conteúdo do Instrumento de Avaliação da Saúde do Idoso com baixa escolaridade. Métodos Após a elaboração do instrumento de coleta de dados, o questionário foi submetido à avaliação de um comitê de especialistas, formado por quatro profissionais da área da saúde com experiência em pesquisas da epidemiologia do envelhecimento. Os especialistas puderam sugerir questões a serem incluídas/excluídas do instrumento, e avaliar cada bloco do questionário, observando se as dimensões a serem avaliadas foram abrangidas pelos itens do instrumento, em escala intervalar, como “não válida”, “pouco válida” e “válida”. Como medidas para avaliar o grau de concordância do instrumento, foram utilizados o porcentual de concordância e o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo. Considerou-se uma taxa aceitável de concordância o valor de 80%. Resultados O instrumento apresentou taxa média de concordância de 86%, variando, dentre os blocos, de 63 a 99% e, dentre os itens, de 50 a 100%. O Índice de Validade de Conteúdo apresentou escore médio de 93,47% e, dentre os itens do questionário, de 50 a 100%. Conclusão O instrumento apresentou qualidades psicométricas aceitáveis para ser utilizado entre a população de idosos com baixa escolaridade, permitindo a identificação dos agravos e auxiliando na escolha de estratégias, no que diz respeito à saúde do idoso.