Childhood Obesity: Is the Built Environment More Important Than the Food Environment?

Obesity continues to be a health burden to society and new efforts may be needed to combat this epidemic. This study aims to investigate the contribution of parents education and level of income, food environment (grocery stores and fast food restaurants), and built environment (perceived safety, availability/quantity of parks) on childhood obesity. This cross-sectional observational study explored whether parents education and income level, built environment, and food environment can affect children with obesity. Participants were selected from 3 separate elementary schools located in an urban community with higher risk to have children with obesity in Montclair, California. Children living in families with low incomes have 2.31 times greater odds to be affected by obesity than children living in higher income homes. Children whose parents did not feel safe in their neighborhoods had odds of obesity 2.23 times greater than those who reported their neighborhoods as safe. Age also appeared to be a risk factor, and the odds of children affected by obesity among children 8 to 9 years was 0.79, and the odds of being affected by obesity among children 10 to 11 years of age was 0.36, when compared to children 6 to 7 years old. Findings suggest that low family income, perceptions of neighborhoods as unsafe, and young age are associated with higher body mass index (BMI) percentiles among children living in poor neighborhoods in Montclair, California.

Dietary Factors Associated with Asthma Prevalence Among Children in California.

Background: Asthma continues to be the leading chronic disease affecting children in the United States. With mounting evidence of how diet plays a role in both chronic and allergic diseases, it is important to identify types of foods that may potentially promote a pro-inflammatory state. The study aims to examine the association between current asthma prevalence and intake of specific foods among children in California. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducting secondary analysis of data from the 2001 to 2015 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) child surveys. A total of 65,565 completed surveys met the eligibility criteria (children ages 2-11) between the years 2001 and 2015. After excluding children with less than 2 years of age (for whom diet questions were not asked), analysis was conducted using 56,312 surveys. Multivariable logistic regression models estimated the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for the association of dietary intake with current asthma, controlling for confounding variables: gender, age, race, weight status, parent's education, English language proficiency of parent, household income, and location of residence. Analyses were survey weighted using raking variables to adjust for the oversampling and nonresponse surveys to reflect California Department of Finance Population Estimates for each survey period. Results: Approximately 13.4% of children in California currently have asthma. Consuming three or more sodas per day (adjusted OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.22-2.76, P = 0.004), two or more servings of French fries per day (adjusted odds ratio = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.08-3.21, P = 0.026), and fast food two or more times per week (adjusted odds ratio = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.02-1.45, P = 0.031) were positively associated with the prevalence for asthma. Conclusion: Analysis showed that children consuming energy dense foods were significantly associated with greater odds for current asthma after controlling for potential confounders.

Prevalência da estenose aterosclerótica do tronco celíaco e da artéria mesentérica superior na arteriopatia oclusiva dos membros inferiores / Prevalence of atherosclerotic stenosis of celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery in occlusive arteriopathy of lower limbs

A eventual relação entre a aterosclerose das artérias dos membros inferiores com a aterosclerose das artérias intestinais foi pouco estudada. Objetivo: Avaliar pela ecografia vascular (Doppler) presença de lesões com estenose 70 por cento na artéria mesentérica superior e/ou tronco celíaco em doentes com arteriopatia obstrutiva crônica dos membros inferiores. Método: Foram estudados dois grupos, cada um com 60 doentes (40 homens e 20 mulheres). O grupo-caso foi composto por doentes com arteriopatia obstrutiva crônica dos membros inferiores, claudicação intermitente limitante ou dor de repouso e/ou lesões tróficas de extremidade, sem queixas gastrintestinais...