[Epidemiological characteristics of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) among acute respiratory infection (ARI) cases in 16 provinces of China from 2009 to 2023].

Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) among acute respiratory infection (ARI) cases in 16 provinces of China from 2009 to 2023. Methods: The data of this study were collected from the ARI surveillance data from 16 provinces in China from 2009 to 2023, with a total of 28 278 ARI cases included in the study. The clinical specimens from ARI cases were screened for HRSV nucleic acid from 2009 to 2023, and differences in virus detection rates among cases of different age groups, regions, and months were analyzed. Results: A total of 28 278 ARI cases were enrolled from January 2009 to September 2023. The age of the cases ranged from<1 month to 112 years, and the age M (Q1, Q3) was 3 years (1 year, 9 years). Among them, 3 062 cases were positive for HRSV nucleic acid, with a total detection rate of 10.83%. From 2009 to 2019, the detection rate of HRSV was 9.33%, and the virus was mainly prevalent in winter and spring. During the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the detection rate of HRSV fluctuated between 6.32% and 18.67%. There was no traditional winter epidemic peak of HRSV from the end of 2022 to the beginning of 2023, and an anti-seasonal epidemic of HRSV occurred from April to May 2023. About 87.95% (2 693/3 062) of positive cases were children under 5 years old, and the difference in the detection rate of HRSV among different age groups was statistically significant (P<0.001), showing a decreasing trend of HRSV detection rate with the increase of age (P<0.001). Among them, the HRSV detection rate (25.69%) was highest in children under 6 months. Compared with 2009-2019, the ranking of HRSV detection rates in different age groups changed from high to low between 2020 and 2023, with the age M (Q1, Q3) of HRSV positive cases increasing from 1 year (6 months, 3 years) to 2 years (11 months, 3 years). Conclusion: Through 15 years of continuous HRSV surveillance analysis, children under 5 years old, especially infants under 6 months old, are the main high-risk population for HRSV infection. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence and patterns of HRSV in China have changed.

Efficient Quantification of Milk Metabolites from 1H NMR Spectra Using the Signature Mapping (SigMa) Approach: Chemical Shift Library Development for Cows' Milk and Colostrum.

Cow milk contains essential nutrients for humans, and its bulk composition is usually analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The higher sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy can augment the extractible qualitative and quantitative information from milk to nearly 60 compounds, enabling us to monitor the health of cows and milk quality. Proton (1H) NMR spectroscopy produces complex spectra that require expert knowledge for identifying and quantifying metabolites. Therefore, an efficient and reproducible methodology is required to transform complex milk 1H NMR spectra into annotated and quantified milk metabolome data. In this study, standard operating procedures for screening the milk metabolome using 1H NMR spectra are developed. A chemical shift library of 63 milk metabolites was established and implemented in the open-access Signature Mapping (SigMa) software. SigMa is a spectral analysis tool that transforms 1H NMR spectra into a quantitative metabolite table. The applicability of the proposed methodology to whole milk, skim milk, and ultrafiltered milk is demonstrated, and the method is tested on ultrafiltered colostrum samples from dairy cows (n = 88) to evaluate whether metabolic changes in colostrum may reflect the metabolic status of cows.

[Standardized nomenclature of oral microorganisms in Chinese: the 2023 update].

Oral microbial community, as an important part of human microbial community, is closely related to oral and general health. Oral microbiological research has become the forefront of international microbiological research. Standardized and unified nomenclature for oral microorganisms in Chinese is of great significance to support the development of oral medicine research. Standardized translation of microbial names is the basis for writing canonical and authoritative professional textbooks and reference books, which helps students to accurately acquire the characteristics and classifications of oral microbes. Unified translation of oral microorganisms is also conducive to academic communication and cooperation, and plays an important role in oral health education and science popularization, which enables oral microbiology knowledge to be accurately disseminated to the public. Therefore, in order to standardize the words in scientific research, funding application, publications, academic exchanges and science popularization within the field of oral medicine, we have fully discussed and revised the Chinese names of oral microorganisms in 2017 edition and ones of newly discovered oral microbes, finally reaching a consensus to form the 2023 edition of Chinese names of oral microorganisms.

[Effect of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies on pregnancy outcome in patients with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion].

Objective: To investigate the effect of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (PGT-A) on pregnancy outcome and perinatal outcome of single live birth in patients with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA). Methods: The clinical data of 351 cycles of the first transfer of a blastocyst through whole embryo freezing in the Reproductive Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from 2019 to 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. According to whether PGT-A was performed before the transfer, the patients were divided into two groups: the PGT-A group (160 cycles) and the control group (191 cycles) were treated with in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm microinjection (IVF/ICSI). To adjust for confounding factors, propensity score matching (PSM) was carried out in a 1∶1 ratio between the two groups of patients. After matching, 98 patients in the PGT-A group and 98 patients in the control group were compared for pregnancy outcome and perinatal outcome of singleton live births. Results: Before PSM, the female age in the PGT-A group was (33.6±4.0) years, lower than that in the control group (34.5±4.5) years (P=0.049). Male age in the PGT-A group was (33.6±4.1) years, lower than that in the control group (35.3±5.1) years (P<0.001). There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in infertility factors, female body mass index (BMI), years of infertility, number of spontaneous abortions, basal follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), endometrial thickness on the day of transfer and the percentage of high-quality blastocysts (all P values<0.05); After PSM, there was a statistically significant difference in fertilization methods and infertility factors between the two groups (P<0.05), while other differences were not statistically significant (all P values>0.05); There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in implant rate [63.3% (62 cycles) vs. 49.0% (48 cycles), P=0.044], clinical pregnancy rate [63.3% (62 cycles) vs. 49.0% (48 cycles), P=0.044], and live birth rate [42.9% (42 cycles) vs. 28.6% (28 cycles), P=0.037]. There was no statistically significant difference in perinatal outcomes between the PGT-A group and the control group in obtaining single birth live births (P>0.05). Conclusion: Compared with conventional IVF/ICSI assisted pregnancy, PGT-A assisted pregnancy significantly improves implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and live birth rate in URSA patients. PGT-A improves the pregnancy outcomes in URSA patients but not perinatal outcomes in patients with singleton live births.

[The effects of high risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and duration of embryo cryopreservation on perinatal outcomes of single live births in the first frozen embryo transfer cycle after whole embryo cryopreservation].

Objective: To investigate the effects of high risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and duration of embryo cryopreservation on perinatal outcomes of the first frozen-thawed cycle after whole embryo cryopreservation. Methods: The clinical data of 1 804 patients who underwent the first frozen-thawed cycle after whole embryo cryopreservation and achieved singleton live births in the Reproductive Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2016 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. According to whether there was high risk of OHSS in the oocyte retrieval cycle, the patients were divided into high-risk group (n=790) and non-high-risk group (n=1 014). The baseline data and perinatal outcomes were compared between the two groups. Multivariate linear regression was applied to analyze the relative factors affecting neonatal weight. And the high-risk group was divided into three subgroups according to different cryopreservation time: the embryos of 96 cycles with a cryopreservation time less than 60 days were defined as group A; the embryos of 587 cycles with a cryopreservation time around 60 to 120 days were defined as group B; the embryos of 107 cycles with a cryopreservation time more than 120 days were defined as group C. The perinatal outcomes were compared among the three groups. The measurement data in this study were represented byï¼»M（Q1，Q3）］. Results: The female age in the high-risk group was 30.0 (27.0, 32.0) years old, which was lower than that in the non-high-risk group 31.0 (29.0, 34.0) (P<0.001). The male age in high-risk group was 30.0 (28.0, 33.0), lower than that in non-high-risk group 32.0 (29.0, 35.0) (P<0.001). The birth weight of high-risk group [3 500.0 (3 200.0,3 800.0) g] was higher than that of control group [3 400.0 (3 150.0,3 800.0) g](P=0.045). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that female BMI was correlated with neonatal weight, ß (95%CI) was 15.37(8.33, 22.41) (P<0.001), and the high risk of OHSS was not correlated with neonatal weight, ß (95%CI) was 19.40 (-38.07, 76.87) (P=0.508). There was significant difference in the incidence of low birth weight and very low birth weight among groups A, B and C (all P values<0.05), and the incidence of low birth weight and very low birth weight in group C was higher than that in group B (all P values<0.017). Conclusions: The risk of adverse perinatal outcomes in high-risk OHSS patients who underwent the first frozen-thawed cycle after whole embryo cryopreservation was not increased. However, prolonged cryopreservation of embryos may lead to increased risk of low birth weight and very low birth weight.

Disaggregated Nano-Hydroxyapatite (DnHAP) with Inhibitory Effects on Biofilms and Demineralization.

Nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP) is considered a biocompatible agent that promotes the remineralization of dental hard tissue; however, its antibacterial efficacy is under scientific discussion. Therefore, this investigation aimed to specify the inhibitory effects of disaggregated nano-hydroxyapatite (DnHAP) on regrown biofilms and demineralization. Regrown biofilm models of single-species (Streptococcus mutans), dual-species (S. mutans and Candida albicans), and saliva-derived microcosm biofilms were established in vitro. Repeat treatment with DnHAP was applied to biofilms. The viability, lactic acid, biofilm structure, biomass, the inhibitory effect of demineralization, and virulence factors' expression were determined. In addition, the biofilm microbial community was analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. DnHAP inhibited metabolism, lactic acid production, biomass, and water-insoluble polysaccharide production (P < 0.05) of regrown single/dual-species biofilms. Concerning the saliva-derived biofilms, samples treated with DnHAP showed lower biofilm metabolic activity without significant differences from samples treated with sterile deionized water (P > 0.05); in addition, saliva-derived biofilms treated with DnHAP exhibited lower lactic acid production (P < 0.05). The demineralization of bovine enamel was the lowest in the DnHAP group, as detected by transverse microradiography, and the lesion depth and volume decreased significantly (P < 0.05). The application of DnHAP did not change the diversity of regrown saliva-derived microcosm biofilms. In conclusion, this investigation showed that DnHAP could be a promising solution for the management of regrown biofilms to combat dental caries.

[Clinical controversy and research thoughts on lymphadenectomy of gastric cancer].

Lymphadenectomy, as one of the controversial foci in clinic, is an extremely important part of radical surgery for gastric cancer. So far, the preliminary consensus has been reached on the scope and number of lymph node dissection, based on the etiological mechanism, disease progression, diagnosis and treatment prognosis of gastric cancer. At present, some clinical issues of lymphadenectomy in curative gastrectomy are still need to be addressed. Firstly, standardized procedure in lymph node dissection for gastric cancer is a prerequisite to decrease the incidence of postoperative complications and to improve the prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Furthermore, the plausible treatment strategy in perioperative phase is also deemed as the other key method to offer a benefit of survival rate for advanced stage patients after lymphadenectomy. Last but not least, the technologies for enhancement the prediction accuracy of lymph node metastasis preoperatively or intraoperatively should be worthy in-depth study.

Reclassification of aortic stenosis by fusion of echocardiography and computed tomography in low-gradient aortic stenosis.

BACKGROUND: The integration of computed tomography (CT)-derived left ventricular outflow tract area into the echocardiography-derived continuity equation results in the reclassification of a significant proportion of patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) into moderate AS based on aortic valve area indexed to body surface area determined by fusion imaging (fusion AVAi). The aim of this study was to evaluate AS severity by a fusion imaging technique in patients with low-gradient AS and to compare the clinical impact of reclassified moderate AS versus severe AS. METHODS: We included 359 consecutive patients who underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation for low-gradient, severe AS at two academic institutions and created a joint database. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause mortality and rehospitalisations for heart failure at 1 year. RESULTS: Overall, 35% of the population (n = 126) were reclassified to moderate AS [median fusion AVAi 0.70 (interquartile range, IQR 0.65-0.80) cm2/m2] and severe AS was retained as the classification in 65% [median fusion AVAi 0.49 (IQR 0.43-0.54) cm2/m2]. Lower body mass index, higher logistic EuroSCORE and larger aortic dimensions characterised patients reclassified to moderate AS. Overall, 57% of patients had a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <50%. Clinical outcome was similar in patients with reclassified moderate or severe AS. Among patients reclassified to moderate AS, non-cardiac mortality was higher in those with LVEF <50% than in those with LVEF ≥50% (log-rank p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS: The integration of CT and transthoracic echocardiography to obtain fusion AVAi led to the reclassification of one third of patients with low-gradient AS to moderate AS. Reclassification did not affect clinical outcome, although patients reclassified to moderate AS with a LVEF <50% had worse outcomes owing to excess non-cardiac mortality.

[Research progress in Filifactor alocis interacting with periodontitis].

Many new microbial species which are correlated with periodontitis have been identified in addition to the"red complex"cultured by conventional methods due to the development of high-throughput sequencing technology. Filifactor alocis (Fa), as a anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria, is closely related to the occurrence and development of periodontitis. Fa can not only destroy host cells and induce immune escape response, but also interact with other periodontal pathogens to promote the periodontitis. This article summarizes and discusses the research progress on the relationship between Fa and periodontitis in recent years and highlighs a new way to investigate the etiology, prevention and treatment of periodontitis.

Transcatheter mitral valve repair in proportionate and disproportionate functional mitral regurgitation-insights from a small cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) can be subclassified based on its proportionality relative to left ventricular function and end-diastolic volume. FMR proportionality could help identify responders to transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve repair (MitraClip) in terms of residual FMR and/or clinical improvement. METHODS: This single-centre retrospective cohort study evaluated the feasibility of determining FMR proportionality in symptomatic heart failure patients with reduced left ventricular function who were treated with MitraClip for ≥ moderate-to-severe FMR. Baseline proportionate (pFMR) and disproportionate FMR (dFMR) were distinguished. Patient characteristics and MitraClip procedural outcomes were described. RESULTS: From an overall cohort of 81 eligible FMR patients, 23/81 (28%) had to be excluded due to missing transthoracic echocardiogram parameters, 22/81 were excluded based on FMR severity. The remaining cohort, of 36/81 patients (44%), could be classified into dFMR (n = 26) or pFMR (n = 10). Conduction disorders were numerically increased in dFMR. All cases requiring > 2 clips were in the dFMR group and absence of FMR reduction occurred more frequently with dFMR. POINT OF VIEW/CONCLUSION: Important limitations in terms of imaging acquisition affect the translation of the FMR proportionality concept to a real-world data set. We did observe different demographic and FMR response patterns in patients with proportionate and disproportionate FMR that warrant further investigation.

Effects of water deficiency on preference and performance of an insect herbivore Ostrinia furnacalis.

With further climate change still expected, it is predicted to increase the frequency with plants will be water stressed, which subsequently influences phytophagous insects, particularly Lepidoptera with limited mobility of larvae. Previous studies have indicated that oviposition preference and offspring performance of Lepidoptera insects are sensitive to drought separately. However, the integration of their two properties is not always seen. Here, we evaluated changes in oviposition selection and offspring fitness of a Lepidoptera insect under three water-stressed treatments using a model agroecosystem consisting of maize Zea mays, and Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis. Results found that female O. furnacalis preferred to laying their eggs on well-watered maize, and then their offspring tended to survive better, attained bigger larvae mass, and developed more pupae and adults on the preferred maize. Oviposition selection of O. furnacalis positively correlated with height and leaf traits of maize, and offspring fitness positively related with water content and phytochemical traits of hosts. Overall, these results suggest that oviposition choice performed by O. furnacalis reflects the maximization of offspring fitness, supporting preference-performance hypothesis. This finding further highlights that the importance of simultaneous evaluation of performance and performance for water driving forces should be involved, in order to accurately predict population size of O. furnacalis under altered precipitation pattern.

LncRNA PRNCR1 aggravates the malignancy of oral squamous cell carcinoma by regulating miR-326/FSCN1 axis.

OBJECTIVE: The important regulatory mechanism of lncRNA PRNCR1 has been emphasized in malignant tumors. However, the role of lncRNA PRNCR1 remains unclear in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The purpose of this study is to reveal the role of lncRNA PRNCR1 in OSCC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: RT-qPCR was used to detect mRNA expression. The functional mechanism of lncRNA PRNCR1 in OSCC was investigated by CCK-8, transwell and Luciferase reporter assays. RESULTS: LncRNA PRNCR1 was upregulated in OSCC and promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion. LncRNA PRNCR1 directly binds to miR-326. The mutual inhibition between the expressions of lncRNA PRNCR1 and miR-326 was identified in OSCC. In addition, miR-326 restrained cell proliferation, migration and invasion in OSCC. Further, miR-326 directly targets FSCN1. FSCN1 expression was positively regulated by lncRNA PRNCR1 in OSCC. And FSCN1 promoted the progression of OSCC and aggravated the carcinogenic effect of lncRNA PRNCR1 in OSCC. CONCLUSIONS: LncRNA PRNCR1 promotes the progression of OSCC by functioning as a miR-326 'sponge' to upregulate FSCN1 expression.

[Correlation of damage-associated molecular pattern molecules with age and body mass index].

Objective: To explore the correlation of damage-associated molecular pattern molecules(DAMPs) serum S100, C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA) and uric acid (UA) with age and body mass index (BMI) to provide direction for further study of metabolic inflammation and inflammaging. Methods: The observational study method was used,and three hundred and sixty-six healthy people (131 males and 235 females) were selected from the physical examination center of the Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province from May to October 2020. They were divided into three age groups according to the age interval of 20 years, including 156 (53 males and 103 females) aged 20-40 years, 110 (36 males and 74 females) aged 41-60 years, and 100 (42 males and 58 females) aged 61-80 years. Kruskal Wallis H test was used to compare the differences of serum S100, CRP, SAA and UA levels among different age groups. According to the Health Industry Standards of the People's Republic of China-Weight Determination for Adults, the boundary is BMI =24 kg/m2. The healthy people were divided into non overweight (BMI<24 kg/m2) and overweight (BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2) two groups. The 1∶1 propensity score was used to match the age and gender. There were 96 non overweight subjects [43 males, 53 females, age 52 (35, 66) years], 96 overweight subjects [44 males, 52 females, age 52 (36, 64) years]. The serum levels of S100, CRP, SAA and UA in different BMI groups were compared by Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The median serum UA concentrations in males and females were 356 and 277 µmol/L, and the levels of serum UA of male was significantly higher than that of female (Z=-10.428, P<0.001); the median serum SAA concentrations in males and females were 3.1 mg/L and 4.4 mg/L, while the serum SAA level of female was significantly higher than that of male (Z=3.652, P<0.001); for 20-40, 41-60, and 61-80 years old group, the median concentration of serum S100 was 0.058, 0.057, 0.070 µg/L, and the median concentration of serum CRP was 0.32, 0.58, 0.93 mg/L; the median serum SAA concentrations were 3.2, 4.0, 5.2 mg/L; serum uric acid concentrations were (301.8±61.5), (298.6±69.8), (329.0±77.8) µmol/L. The levels of serum S100, CRP, SAA, UA in 61-80 years group were significantly higher than those of 20-40 years group (H=-2.749, H=-6.731, H=-5.033, H=-2.521, P=0.018, P<0.001, P<0.001, P=0.035) and 41-60 years old group (H=-2.719, H=-2.539, H=-2.540, H=-2.486, P=0.020, P=0.033, P=0.033, P=0.039).The levels of serum CRP of 41-60 years group was significantly higher than that of 20-40 years group (H=-4.108,P<0.001). There was no significant difference in levels of serum S100, SAA and UA between 20-40 years group and 41-60 years group (H=0.189, H=-2.360, H=-0.165, P=1.000, P=0.055, P=1.000); the levels of serum CRP and SAA were positively correlated with age (rs =0.342, rs =0.301, P<0.001, P<0.001); for overweight, non-overweight group, the median concentrations of serum S100 were 0.065 µg/L, 0.059 µg/L, the median concentrations of serum CRP were 0.92 mg/L, 0.47 mg/L, the median concentrations of serum SAA were 5.0 mg/L, 4.1 mg/L, the median concentrations of serum UA were 339.5 µmol/L, 301.5 µmol/L, the levels of CRP, SAA and UA in the overweight group were higher than those in the non-overweight group (Z=4.278, Z=2.025, Z=3.787, P<0.001, P=0.043, P<0.001); the levels of S100 in the overweight group was higher than those in the non-overweight group, but there was no significant difference in S100 between the two groups (Z=0.862, P=0.388); the levels of Serum CRP and UA were positively correlated with BMI (rs =0.348, rs =0.264, P<0.001, P=0.009). Conclusions: With the increase of age, the serum S100, CRP, SAA and UA levels of healthy people may be on the rise, especially the serum CRP and SAA levels are positively correlated with age; the serum S100, CRP, SAA and UA levels of overweight people may be higher than those of non-overweight people, especially the serum CRP, UA levels are positively correlated with BMI.

Distributions of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone in 2020 thyroid disease-free adults from areas with different iodine levels: a cross-sectional survey in China.

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to describe the distributions of serum thyroid- stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in thyroid disease-free adults from areas with different iodine levels in China. Meanwhile, we aimed to evaluate the influence of age and gender on the distribution of TSH, assess the relationship between concentrations of TSH and free thyroxine (FT4), and analyze the factors that may affect TSH levels. METHODS: 2020 adults were included from April 2016 to June 2019. Urinary iodine concentration, serum iodine concentration, serum TSH, FT4, free triiodothyronine, thyroid peroxidase antibodies and thyroglobulin antibodies were measured, and thyroid ultrasonography was performed. RESULTS: The median of TSH in iodine-fortification areas (IFA), iodine-adequate areas (IAA), iodine-excessive areas (IEA) were 2.32, 2.11 and 2.34 mIU/L, respectively. Serum TSH concentrations were significantly higher in IFA and IEA than that in IAA (p = 0.005 and < 0.0001). The TSH values of most adults were distributed within the range of 1.01-3.00 mIU/L with the same trend in three groups. In our study, TSH levels did not change with age, and the TSH level of females was higher than that of males (p < 0.0001). There was a negative correlation between FT4 and TSH in IAA (r = - 0.160, p < 0.0001) and IEA (r = - 0.177, p < 0.0001), but there was no correlation between FT4 and TSH in IFA (r = - 0.046, p = 0.370). BMI, smoking status, education levels, and marital status were associated with TSH. CONCLUSION: Our study provides a basis for establishing the reference intervals of TSH in different iodine level areas.

pH-Responsive Antibacterial Resin Adhesives for Secondary Caries Inhibition.

Secondary caries caused by dental plaque is one of the major reasons for the high failure rate of resin composite restoration. Although antimicrobial agent-modified dental restoration systems have been researched for years, few reported intelligent anticaries materials could respond to the change of the oral environment and help keep oral eubiosis. Herein, we report tertiary amine (TA)-modified resin adhesives (TA@RAs) with pH-responsive antibacterial effect to reduce the occurrence of secondary caries. Two kinds of newly designed TA monomers were synthesized: DMAEM (dodecylmethylaminoethyl methacrylate) and HMAEM (hexadecylmethylaminoethyl methacrylate). In the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration test against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Streptococcus gordonii, they exhibited antibacterial effect only in acidic medium, which preliminarily verified the acid-activated effect of TAs. Then DMAEM and HMAEM were incorporated into adhesive resin at the mass fraction of 5%, yielding TA@RAs. In vivo and in vitro tests showed that the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the adhesive were not affected. A S. mutans biofilm model in acidic and neutral medium was used and confirmed that TA@RAs could respond to the critical pH value of de-/remineralization and acquire reversible antibiofilm effect via the protonation and deprotonation of TAs. Meanwhile, the stability of antibacterial effect was confirmed via a 5-d pH-cycling experiment and a saliva-derived biofilm aging model. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that TA@RAs could increase the diversity of the saliva-derived biofilms, which implied that the novel materials could help regulate the microbial community to a healthy one. Finally, an in vitro demineralization model and in vivo secondary caries model were applied and demonstrated that TA@RAs could prevent secondary dental caries effectively. In summary, the reversible pH-responsive and non-drug release antibacterial resin adhesives ingeniously overcome the defect of the present materials and hold great promise for clinical application.

[Clinical analysis of 5 cases of occupational acute methanol poisoning].

Objective: To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of occupational acute methanol poisoning. Methods: Retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 5 cases of occupational acute me thanol poisoning admitted from October 11 to 12, 2018. Results: The first patient was diagnosed with severe acute methanol poisoning and died after treatment with mechanical ventilation, hemodialysis, and detoxification by ethanol and folic acid for 38 hours. The remaining four cases were all diagnosed with mild acute methanol poisoning and were discharged from hospital after active symptomatic support treatment for 63 to 69 hours. Fuhermore, all the four patients were followed up for one year and without sequelaes. Conclusion: Early evaluation of the disease, early combination with hemodialysis, and use of detoxification drugs are the key to rescue occupational acute methanol poisoning.