Cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between cardiorespiratory fitness and health-related quality of life in primary school children in England: the mediating role of psychological correlates of physical activity.

AIMS: The aims were (1) to analyse the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between children's cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and (2) to examine whether these associations were mediated by physical activity self-efficacy and physical activity enjoyment. METHODS: This study involved 383 children (10.0 ± 0.5 years) recruited from 20 primary schools in northwest England. Data were collected on two occasions 12 weeks apart. The number of laps completed in the 20-m Shuttle Run Test was used as the CRF indicator. HRQoL was assessed using the KIDSCREEN-10 questionnaire. Physical activity self-efficacy and enjoyment were assessed with the social-cognitive and Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale questionnaires, respectively. Linear mixed models with random intercepts (schools) assessed associations between CRF and HRQoL cross-sectionally, and longitudinally. Boot-strapped mediation procedures were performed, and indirect effects (IE) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) not including zero considered as statistically significant. Analyses were adjusted for sex, time of the year, socioeconomic status, waist-to-height ratio, maturation, and physical activity. RESULTS: CRF was cross-sectionally associated with HRQoL (ß = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.02, 0.16; p = .015). In the longitudinal analysis, CRF at baseline was associated with HRQoL at 12 weeks after additionally controlling for baseline HRQoL (ß = 0.08, 95% CI = 0.002; p = .15, p = .045). Cross-sectionally, physical activity self-efficacy and enjoyment acted individually as mediators in the relationship between CRF and HRQoL (IE = 0.069, 95% CI = 0.038; p = .105 and IE = 0.045, 95% CI = 0.016; p = .080, respectively). In the longitudinal analysis, physical activity self-efficacy showed a significant mediating effect (IE = 0.025, 95% CI = 0.004; p = .054). CONCLUSION: Our findings highlight the influence of CRF on children's psychological correlates of physical activity and their overall HRQoL.

Association Between Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Plasma BDNF in Adolescents: DADOS Study.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is suggested to play a key role in moderating the benefits of physical activity (PA) on cognition. Previous research found that PA may have an impact on peripheral BDNF expression. The aim of our study was to analyze the association between objectively measured PA with circulating BDNF in a group of active adolescents. Two hundred thirty-four adolescents (132 boys) aged 13.9 ± 0.3 years old from the DADOS study were included in this cross-sectional analysis. PA was assessed by GENEActiv triaxial accelerometer. Participants wore the accelerometer on their non-dominant wrist for 6 consecutive 24-h days, including weekends. PA was expressed as the average (min/day) of light, moderate, and vigorous PA. Fasting plasma BDNF concentrations at rest were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Partial correlations and linear regression analyses were performed with a significance level established at p < 0.05. No correlations were found between BDNF and PA variables. Plasma levels of BDNF at rest were not significantly associated with daily PA in either boys or girls (p > 0.05). Based on previous research and our own data, the association between daily PA and baseline levels of BDNF remains inconclusive. Further research is needed to shed light on the relationship between regular PA and BDNF in adolescents.

The determination of waste generation and composition as an essential tool to improve the waste management plan of a university.

When many people work in organized institutions or enterprises, those institutions or enterprises become big meeting places that also have energy, water and resources necessities. One of these necessities is the correct management of the waste that is daily produced by these communities. Universities are a good example of institution where every day a great amount of people go to work or to study. But independently of their task, they use the different services at the University such as cafeterias, canteens, and photocopy and as a result of their activity a cleaning service is also needed. All these activities generate an environmental impact. Nowadays, many Universities have accepted the challenge to minimize this impact applying several measures. One of the impacts to be reduced is the waste generation. The first step to implement measures to implement a waste management plan at a University is to know the composition, the amount and the distribution of the waste generated in its facilities. As the waste composition and generation depend among other things on the climate, these variables should be analysed over one year. This research work estimates the waste generation and composition of a Spanish University, the Universitat Jaume I, during a school year. To achieve this challenge, all the waste streams generated at the University have been identified and quantified emphasizing on those which are not controlled. Furthermore, several statistical analyses have been carried out to know if the season of the year or the day of the week affect waste generation and composition. All this information will allow the University authorities to propose a set of minimization measures to enhance the current management.

Hematoma intramural duodenal posbiopsia / Post-biopsy intramural duodenal haematoma

No disponible

Estudio mediante técnicas de imagen de las fístulas del seno piriforme / Diagnostic imaging of piriform sinus fistulas

Objetivos. Establecer la utilidad de la ecografía, tomografía computarizada (TC), resonancia magnética (RM) y estudios baritados en el diagnóstico de las fístulas del seno piriforme (FSP). Material y métodos. Se han revisado las historias clínicas y los estudios de imagen de cuatro pacientes de edad pediátrica diagnosticados de FSP. La primera técnica de imagen que se realizó en todos los casos fue la ecografía cervical; a tres se les realizó posteriormente TC con contraste intravenoso y a uno RM; a todos ellos, de forma diferida, se les practicó esofagograma con bario. En todos los casos hubo comprobación quirúrgica. Resultados. En los cuatro pacientes la ecografía permitió identificar la localización de las lesiones en el lado izquierdo, así como la existencia de colecciones heterogéneas en tiroides y tejido peritiroideo. Posteriormente, mediante la TC y la RM se delimitaron las lesiones abscesificadas. El esofagograma con bario demostró la existencia de la FSP en los cuatro casos. Conclusiones. La presencia de un proceso inflamatorio de repetición y de tiroiditis supuradas agudas de localización izquierda debe hacernos sospechar la existencia de FSP. Tanto la TC como la RM son útiles en el estudio de la FSP pero, en nuestra experiencia, la ecografía es la técnica de elección en su valoración inicial y seguimiento evolutivo. Tras el proceso agudo, el esofagograma con bario sigue siendo el principal método diagnóstico del trayecto fistuloso

Objectives. To establish the usefulness of ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and barium contrast swallow studies in the diagnosis of piriform sinus fistulas (PSF). Material and methods. We reviewed the clinical histories and imaging studies of four pediatric patients diagnosed with PSF. Cervical ultrasound was the first imaging study performed in all cases. Three patients subsequently underwent intravenous contrast-enhanced CT examination and one underwent MRI. Barium contrast swallow studies were performed in all patients at a later time. All cases were confirmed at surgery. Results. Ultrasound enabled the lesions to be located on the left side and showed the existence of heterogeneous collections in and around the thyroid glands in all four patients. Posterior CT and MRI studies determined the exact size of the abscessed lesions. Barium contrast swallow studies demonstrated the existence of the PSF in all four cases. Conclusions. The presence of a recurrent inflammatory process and acute suppurating thyroiditis located on the left side should raise suspicions of PSF. Both CT and MRI are useful in the study of PSF; however, in our experience, ultrasound examination is the technique of choice for initial evaluation and follow-up. After the acute process, barium swallow studies continue to be the main method for diagnosing the trajectory of the fistulous tract

Controversias sobre el reflujo gastroesofágico / Controversies about gastroesophageal reflux

El reflujo gastroesofágico (RGE) es un fenómenomuy prevalente en la población infantil. El diagnósticode la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico(ERGE) están ampliamente descrito. Existen numerososaspectos del RGE que todavía presentan muchasdudas a la hora de su abordaje diagnóstico yterapéutico. El ánimo de esta revisión es el de realizaruna actualización de las técnicas diagnósticas yexponer la situación actual de temas controvertidosdentro de esta patología como son el RGE en el pacientepretérmino, la enfermedad respiratoria porRGE y las indicaciones de la cirugía antireflujo

Gastroesophageal Reflux (GER) is a high prevalentcondition in children. The diagnosis of the GastroesophagealReflux Disease (GERD) is broadlydescribed. However, ther are still a lot of questionsto resolve when talking about diagnosis and therapeuticapproach. The aim of this review is to carryout an up-date of the diagnosis techniques and explainthe actual situation of controversial items relatedto GER: the role of GER in the preterm newborn,the respiratory disease associated to GER and theindications for antireflux surgery

[Diagnostic imaging of piriform sinus fistulas]. / Estudio mediante técnicas de imagen de las fístulas del seno piriforme.

OBJECTIVES: To establish the usefulness of ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and barium contrast swallow studies in the diagnosis of piriform sinus fistulas (PSF). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed the clinical histories and imaging studies of four pediatric patients diagnosed with PSF. Cervical ultrasound was the first imaging study performed in all cases. Three patients subsequently underwent intravenous contrast-enhanced CT examination and one underwent MRI. Barium contrast swallow studies were performed in all patients at a later time. All cases were confirmed at surgery. RESULTS: Ultrasound enabled the lesions to be located on the left side and showed the existence of heterogeneous collections in and around the thyroid glands in all four patients. Posterior CT and MRI studies determined the exact size of the abscessed lesions. Barium contrast swallow studies demonstrated the existence of the PSF in all four cases. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of a recurrent inflammatory process and acute suppurating thyroiditis located on the left side should raise suspicions of PSF. Both CT and MRI are useful in the study of PSF; however, in our experience, ultrasound examination is the technique of choice for initial evaluation and follow-up. After the acute process, barium swallow studies continue to be the main method for diagnosing the trajectory of the fistulous tract.