Pulsed RF knock-out extraction: a potential enabler for FLASH hadrontherapy in the Bragg peak.

One challenge on the path to delivering FLASH-compatible beams with a synchrotron is facilitating an accurate dose control for the required ultra-high dose rates. We propose the use of pulsed RFKO extraction instead of continuous beam delivery as a way to control the dose delivered per Voxel. In a first feasibility test, dose rates in pulses of up to 600 Gy s-1were observed, while the granularity at which the dose was delivered is expected to be well below 0.5 Gy.

Conceptual design of a high-field septum magnet using a superconducting shield and a canted-cosine-theta magnet.

A zero-field cooled superconducting shield was previously proposed to realize a high-field (at least 3 T) septum magnet for the Future Circular Collider proton-proton ring. In this paper, we present the conceptual design of a complete septum magnet prototype including a shield with an optimized shape and a simple and cost-effective superconducting magnet using the canted cosine theta concept. 2D optimization of the coil geometry and a realistic 2D simulation of the fieldmap and field homogeneity are presented taking into account the nonlinear penetration of the magnetic field into the shield.

European echinococcosis registry: human alveolar echinococcosis, Europe, 1982-2000.

Surveillance for alveolar echinococcosis in central Europe was initiated in 1998. On a voluntary basis, 559 patients were reported to the registry. Most cases originated from rural communities in regions from eastern France to western Austria; single cases were reported far away from the disease-"endemic" zone throughout central Europe. Of 210 patients, 61.4% were involved in vocational or part-time farming, gardening, forestry, or hunting. Patients were diagnosed at a mean age of 52.5 years; 78% had symptoms. Alveolar echinococcosis primarily manifested as a liver disease. Of the 559 patients, 190 (34%) were already affected by spread of the parasitic larval tissue. Of 408 (73%) patients alive in 2000, 4.9% were cured. The increasing prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis in foxes in rural and urban areas of central Europe and the occurrence of cases outside the alveolar echinococcosis-endemic regions suggest that this disease deserves increased attention.