[Prevalence of celiac disease in risk group patients in Nizhny Novgorod region].

AIM: To estimate prevalence of gluten celiac disease (GCD) in Nizhny Novgorod region by the data of examination of patients from high risk group. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Outpatient examination was made in 41245 outpatients. GCD risk groups included patients with chronic diarrhea and other manifestations of enteropathy, iron deficiency anemia of unclear genesis, with autoimmune disorders, skin diseases associated with GD, women with reproductive dysfunction of unclear genesis, persons with low body mass, close relatives of GCD patients. All the patients were examined conventionally. Antiglutenic antibodies (AGA) and/or antibodies to tissue transglutaminase (AB TTG) in IgA and IgG were determined and morphological tests of duodenal mucosa were made in patients at high risk of GC. RESULTS: Out of 41245 examinees 2364 (5.7%) were expected to have CD. Immunological tests were performed in 1045 risk group patients. Of them, 251 patients had elevated titers of AGA and/or AB TTG. Histological examination discovered GCD signs in 210 patients with positive AGA and/or AB TTG and in 101 patients who were not examined immunologically. GCD was detected in 311 (13.1%) patients included in risk groups. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of CD in adults with risk factors is 1:7.6, in outpatients--1:133. For active GCD screening in risk groups blood tests for AGA and AB TTG should be made. Those with a high titer of these antibodies and patients with chronic diarrhea and malabsorption should undergo biopsy material taken from the duodenum in esophagogastroduodenoscopy.

[Comparative characteristics of biliary lipids in celiac disease and chronic enteritis]. / Sravnitel'naia kharakteristika lipidov zhelchi pri tseliakii i khronicheskom énterite.

The lipid components of duodenal contents (DC) and of gallbladder bile (GB), i.e. bile acids, phospholipids, and neutral lipids, as well as the fatty-acid composition of common lipids in celiac disease and chronic enteritis (CEN) were found, in the course of this study, to be specific and to differ between themselves to a great extent. The determination of the ratio of indices for 16:0 and 18:1 fatty acids and level 20:4 of an acid in the composition of common lipids of DC and GB could be used as a criteria in the differential diagnosis of celiac disease and CEN.

[Lipid metabolism in diseases associated with malabsorption syndrome]. / Metabolizm lipidov pri zabolevaniiakh, sviazannykh s sindromom mal'absorbtsii.

The review is devoted to lipid metabolism in diseases related to their malabsorption, such as a celiacia, chronic enteritis, calculous cholecystitis and others. The problems on involvement of lipid fractions in development of malabsorption processes are discussed.

[Characteristics of the oculo-vestibulomotor interaction during experimental asymmetry of the labyrinth]. / Osobennosti zritel'no-vestibulomotornogo vzaimodeistviia pri éksperimental'noi asimmetrii labirintov.

Eye and head coordination in response to trigger and predictive patterns of the gaze fixation reaction was investigated in 19 healthy men under normal conditions and during unilateral monopolar stimulation of the labyrinths. Transient changes in movement coordination and asymmetry of velocity and amplitude characteristics of oculomotor components which deteriorated regulation of search-information reflexes were detected. Changes in the regulation of eye and head movements in response to experimental asymmetry of labyrinths were followed by short-term visual symptoms of the scillopsia type. This was a result of changes of the gain coefficient in the system of ocular, vestibular and motor interaction. It is postulated that labyrinthine asymmetry is one of the mechanisms of sensory mismatch underlying somatomotor discoordination.

[Physiologic reactions to electric stimulation of the labyrinth]. / Fiziologicheskie reaktsii na elektricheskoe razdrazhenie labirintov.

Physiological responses to electric stimulation of the skin projections of labyrinths on the outer ear were investigated. The experiments were carried out on 56 test subjects using electric current in the range of 20 microA to 1.5 mA with the frequency 0.2-0.5 Hz. Thresholds for the emergence of autonomic, somatomotor and sensory manifestations were detected. It was found that autonomic reactions may develop independently of somatomotor responses. It is postulated that autonomic, motor and sensory reactions to electric stimulation of labyrinths constitute a combined response which is of afferent vestibular and skin origin.

[Effect of immersion hypokinesia on the characteristics of eye and head movement during the human gaze fixation reaction]. / Vliianie immersionnoi gipokinezii na kharakteristiki dvizhenii glaz i golovy pri osushchestvlenii reaktsii ustanovki vzora u cheloveka.

The effect of 7-day immersion hypokinesia on the coordination of eye and head movements during the gaze fixation reaction was investigated. The most distinct and persistent effect was an inadequate increase in the rate of eye counter-rolling that mismatched head movements. This reduced significantly the response time and accuracy: the time of gaze fixation lengthened appreciably and the number of positional errors grew considerably. These data suggest that in the oculomotor control system proprioceptive signals produce an inhibitory effect on the vestibular input.