Gasometria en el recien nacido sano en la ciudad de Mexico; estudio comparativo entre sangre arterial y sangre arterializada. / Blood gas analysis in healthy newborn infants in Mexico; comparative study of blood and arterialized blood

Se practico un estudio comparativo de la gasometria en 104 ninos recien nacidos normales en la ciudad de Mexico entre sangre arterial y sangre arterializada. La prueba de "t" se aplico para determinar la significancia de las diferencias.No se encontro ninguna diferencia significativa con respecto a sexos. En relacion con los dos tipos de muestras, si hubo diferencia significativa a nivel del PO2, porcentaje de saturacion de oxigeno, pH, exceso de base, bicarbonato estandar y CO2 total. El promedio del porcentaje de saturacion de oxigeno y del PO2 se encontraron mas altos en la sangre arterial (91.3% y 57.3 mm Hg) en comparacion con la sangre arterializada (81.9% y 43 mm Hg). El promedio del exceso de base y del pH se encontraron mas bajos en la sangre arterial (-10 y 7.28) en comparacion con la sangre arterializada (-8 y 7.31). El estudio demostro diferencias entre ambas muestras y nos permitio obtener valores de referencia en ninos recien nacidos normales para poderlos aplicar comparativamente en ninos con patologia respiratoria

[Septicemia index in the newborn infant]. / Indice de septicemia en el lactante.

Based on knowledge of the changes produced in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, segmented polymorphonuclears, non-segmented polymorphonuclears and platelets in patients with septicemia, a mathematic devise was developed and called septicemia index which correlated the four mentioned factors and made it possible to situate patients clinically suspicious of septicemia within three different groups: 1) positive, 2) probable and 3) negative. The method showed to be statistically significant in the early detection of septicemia in the infant and in cases without septicemia (p less than 0.01). The method may be carried out in general laboratories and no special techniques are required. The results may be obtained within a few hours in opposition to cultures that require from 3 to 5 days.

Usefulness of a microblood culture technique in neonatal septicemia.

Macroblood (MaHC) and microblood (MiHC) cultures were made in 200 neonates with a suspected diagnosis of septicemia so as to compare the efficiency of MiHC to isolate bacterias taking MaHC as reference. Blood was obtained by heel punctures in sterile test tubes soaked with polyanetol sodium sulphonate and later cultured in trypticase soy broth with sacharose 15 per cent. Positive percentage was 14.5 for MiHC and 12.3 for MaHC. MiHC reliability, taking MaHC as reference was 59 per cent. Only 29.7 per cent isolations were obtained with MiHC that increased to 40.2 per cent with MaHC technique. Culture efficiency was higher for Klebsiella, P. Mirabilis and S. paratiphy B using MaHC while for Staph. aureus MiHC proved to be a better technique. The use of polyanetol sodium sulphate instead of heparin, sachorose addition to the culture medium, larger samples and typical features of infection in neonates studied, account for findings and differences observed in a previous work.

[Intestinal immunoglobulins in children without infection]. / Inmunoglobulinas intestinales en niños sin infección

Immunoglobulins in duodenal content were measured by immunodiffusion in children without infection. Two groups were studied: group I with 11 infants 1 to 35 months old without infectious problems and group II with 14 children 3 to 13 years old who one month previously had suffered typhiod fever. Two groups of commercial plates were used both designed to detect low levels. The plate for values of 1 to 10 mg. % was selected for the study. Secretory IgA (IgAS) was determined using a standard of human colostrum. Total proteins were measured by Biuret's method. The values obtained in Group I were: 2.3 +/- 0.44 for IgAS, 4.9 +/- 1.29 for IgM, 2.3 +/- 1.0 for IgG and 461.09 +/- 160.89 mg. % for total proteins. In Group II, in the same order, the values were: 2.28 +/- 0.59, 3.70 +/- 0.98, 1.57 +/- 0.37 and 333.91 +/- 64.63 mg.%. No sataistically significant difference was found for any of the values mentioned when comparison between the two groups was made; therefore, when values for the two groups were added, the final results were: 2.29 +/- 0.35 for IgAS, 4.23 +/- 0.74 for IgM, 1.89 +/- 0.45 for IgG and 389.86 +/- 70.53 for total proteins. Between serum and intestinal IgA (r = 0.11), there was no correlation. No statistical difference was either found when grouped by sexes or ages (less than 3 and greater than 3 years). It is concluded that the method applied allows the use of very small amounts of the sample, avoids the inconveniences of concentration, is available to any laboratory and permits detection of values as low as 0.5 mg. %.